Li Yu, Queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty after Zhou Xiao.
Li Yu, formerly known as Jia Cong, whose real name is Shigemitsu and whose real name is Zhong Yin, is the sixth son of Li Jing. He was born in 937 and was made a prince in 959. 96 1, acceded to the throne without year number.
When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was a vassal state of the Song Dynasty. Facing the pressure of Song Dynasty, he resigned himself to stealing peace. In 975, Song Jun entered Jinling, captured the queen, and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished.
Li Yu is a bad king in politics and a writer and poet in literature. His main achievements are in poetry. His early works mainly reflect court life, such as Sauvignon Blanc and Huanxisha. After being captured, there was a great breakthrough compared with the previous period, and his representative works included Yu Meiren, Breaking the Array, Waves on the Sand and so on.
Li Houzhu reigned in 14 and was captured in 975. Song Taizu said he was disobedient. In 978, 42-year-old Li Houzhu was poisoned.
The establishment of the Southern Tang Dynasty can be traced back to Xu Wen, a very powerful minister of Wu. Xu Wen was originally the founding hero of Wu (Nanwu), and later gradually mastered the real power of Wu. When he was old, he trusted his adopted son Xu Zhimo and gradually gave him the status of heir.
Xu Zhiben surnamed Li, a native of Xuzhou, was later adopted by Xu Wen. In 908 AD, Xu Wen killed Zhang Hao and made Yang Wei the king of Wu. Since then, Xu has been in charge of Wu's power. But Xu Wen did not replace Wu, but saved Wu's world. He just sent his son Xu Zhixun to Guangling to handle daily affairs. In response, he sent his adopted son Xu Zhimo to Runzhou. Major events in Jinling are decided by Xu Wen himself. Later, Xu Zhixun was arrogant and ignorant, and was killed by Zhu Jin, uncle of Yang Wei, Wu Wang. At this time, Xu Zhimo took the opportunity to go to Guangling to stabilize the order and replace Xu Zhixun. Xu Zhimo is extremely clever, not only famous for his filial piety to Xu Wen, but also popular with the people. In 927, after Xu Wen's death, Xu Zhimo imprisoned Xu Wen's son Xu Zhixun and seized power on his behalf. He supported Yang Pu as the Emperor of Wu, but claimed to be Jinling. He also sent Jing Tong and Qian Jing to Guangling successively, just like Xu Wen's past. In 935, Wu named Xu Zhisheng King of Qi, and the ten states of Sheng, Run, Xuan, Chi, Yi, Chang, Jiang, Rao, Xin and Hai were Qi. Soon, Jinling changed to the western capital, Guangling changed to the eastern capital, and Jiuxi added Qi Wang to build a flag for the son of heaven. In 937, Xu Zhimo was "abdicated" by the State of Wu, abolished Wu Pu, and claimed to be the emperor, with the title of Daqi and Yuan. The following year, the country name was changed to Li Bian, the country name was Tang, and the history was called Nan Tang (Bian, former owner of Nan Tang). In 943, Li Bian died of poisoning by taking Dan medicine.
According to historical records such as History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Old Five Dynasties, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, Annals of the Ten Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period, the name of Xu Zhigu's founding country is Daqi, and historians call it Xu Qi. In 939, when Xu Zhimo returned to his original surname Li and changed his name to Li Bian, he changed his name to Datang in order to attach himself to the extinct Tang Dynasty, that is, the Southern Tang Dynasty. However, Zi Tong Zhi Jian records that in 937 AD, when Xu Zhigu ascended the throne, he took Datang as his country name and did not think that Xu Qi had ever existed.
The reign of Li Bian, the late ruler, was a prosperous time in the Southern Tang Dynasty. He protects the territory and people and does not use troops easily. Under relatively stable conditions, social production has developed. Merchants exchanged tea and silk with the Central Plains for sheep and horses, and then traded with Qidan by sea. Compared with the countries that were enfeoffed at the same time, the Southern Tang Dynasty was strong. Because of imperial examinations and schools, culture is more prosperous than other countries.
In 945, Li Yin, the leader of China, fought against neighboring countries for three years to defend his university. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, he took advantage of the civil strife in Fujian to send troops to destroy Fujian and capture the king alive. At that time, wuyue also sent troops to compete with Nantang for land. The outcome of the war was: building Nantang (now Jian 'ou, Fujian), Ting (now Changting, Fujian) and Zhang (now Fujian); Wuyue got Fuzhou (now Fujian); The old general of Fujian stayed in Quanzhou, and was appointed as the special envoy of the Qingyuan Army in the Southern Tang Dynasty, acknowledging his separatist regime. In the ninth year of Baoda (95 1), the Southern Tang Dynasty took advantage of the civil strife in Chu to send troops to destroy Chu, and Ma Xichong surrendered. But soon, the old land of Chu was occupied by Zhou Xingfeng, and the Southern Tang Dynasty failed to consolidate the land of Chu. From 955 to 958, after Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong attacked Nantang, Nantang was defeated continuously. Li was forced to offer fourteen States north of the Yangtze River and south of the Huaihe River, and was forced to cede fourteen States north of the Yangtze River to the Zhou Dynasty, becoming a vassal, and the court proclaimed himself emperor and renamed Jiangnan Lord. Later, he moved to Hongzhou, the capital of Nanchang (now Jiangxi), and his national strength has been low since then.
South Tang, which Li took over, was really a mess. The treasury is not rich, and it has been defeated repeatedly, and it has to pay tribute to the north. In the fifth year of Xiande in the Later Zhou Dynasty (958), a week after China leader Li surrendered, he sent millions of silver, silk, money, tea and grain to Chai Rong in the name of the old gentleman. When Li Yugang ascended the throne, he also gave the Northern Song Dynasty 2,000 taels of gold, 22,000 taels of silver and 30,000 pieces of gauze. Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, gave fifty-two thousand silver at a time. Nantang was originally a small country, and the result of such tossing was often beyond the means. In the last years of Li, Zhong You, the leader and minister of China, demanded that a large sum of money be cast as "eternal spring goods" to tide over the financial crisis. After Li Yu ascended the throne, he issued iron money to help the emergency in the second year of Gande (964), and at the same time he had to raise taxes under various excuses to increase his income. Later, even the folk geese laid double eggs, and catkins were taxed. Southern Tang lost its elite in many wars, and most of the rest were exhausted and demoralized. As a strategic buffer, Jiangbei 14 has fallen. Once the army of the Northern Song Dynasty crossed the Yangtze River, the gate of the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty was opened, and there was no danger to follow. Originally, northerners were uncomfortable getting on the boat, and the water army in the southern Tang Dynasty was sharp. However, the Southern Tang navy was lured to surrender by the Northern Song Dynasty, and many prisoners were captured. Zhao Kuangyin used these people to step up the training of the water army, and the last advantage of Nantang was lost. Ministers in the Southern Tang Dynasty have always been good at playing politics. Since the founding of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Song He has formed two factions, fighting and attacking each other, which has caused great internal friction, and both the former master Li and the middle master Li are bored. After Li Yu ascended the throne, there were many talents in the DPRK, such as Chen Qiao, Xu Xuan, Han Xizai, Pan You and Zhang. However, because Li Yu can't fathom their temper, he can't make good use of them.
Li Yu, the late ruler, wandered around here all day, but the net of Zhao Kuangyin's unification of the world became tighter and tighter. In 966, after the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed Shu, he led the army to the Southern Han Dynasty. In order to preserve the strength and test the loyalty of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin decreed that the late ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty should write a surrender letter to the Southern Han Dynasty. Although Li Yu agreed, he was deeply hurt by this humiliation. He intends to work hard again. In March of the following year, Li Yu ordered assistant ministers, counselors, doctors, ministers in charge, calligraphers, and bachelor's halls in Jixian County to be divided into classes on the night of the class, calling people to discuss, pointing to Chen, and discussing the gains and losses of ancient and modern times, often until late at night. This posture looks good, but everyone has put forward many suggestions, and Li Yu doesn't know how to adopt them. After a year, when he saw that the situation had not changed, he relapsed and began to have fun again. He naively thought that as long as he kept paying tribute to the ground and being honest with each other, Zhao Kuangyin would let him go and let him settle in the southeast corner, continuing the story of the separatist regime in the buffer region since the end of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, he did not listen to the advice of ministers, especially those veterans who had fought many battles. In 970, the northern song dynasty stormed the southern Han dynasty, and the border defense was empty. Lin, the general of the Southern Tang Dynasty, said that he hoped that "tens of thousands of false ministers would come to the spring flowers and cross the fat Huai River, and according to Zhengyang", the whole territory of Jiangbei could be recovered. Li Yu was afraid of offending the Northern Song Dynasty, so he took out the order of his former master Li to "protect the environment and protect the people" and said, "Don't lie, and all clan societies will be beheaded." Always afraid of Lin's reputation, he used a very clumsy double agent. He took out the portrait of Lin and showed it to the envoys of the Southern Tang Dynasty, saying that it was a token of Lin's readiness to surrender. As soon as the messenger came back to report, Li Yu believed it and immediately sent someone to kill the forest and destroy the Great Wall. After Lin's death, the war broke out, and the Southern Tang Dynasty became weaker and weaker. The pace of Zhao Kuangyin's reunification is getting faster and faster. In 974, he sent envoys twice to let Li Yu come to Kaifeng, Tokyo, and was rejected twice. Zhao Kuangyin threatened to send troops, and Li Yu showed rare tenacity. He generously said that he would "personally supervise the soldiers and attack the city to save the country." Even if you are defeated, you should "get together and burn, and it will never be a ghost of another country." Zhao Kuangyin listened to his grandiloquence, instead of being angry, he laughed: "It's boring to talk too much." Later, Zhao Kuangyin's words came true. Li Yu's ignorance in military affairs is amazing. When Cao Bin, a general of the Northern Song Dynasty, set up a pontoon bridge on the Yangtze River and armies crossed the river in succession, he refused to believe it. He said to the minister, "I also thought that Cao Bin's move was close to child's play and had never been heard of since ancient times. How can it be successful! " . Song Jun broke through the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, entered the south of the Yangtze River like nobody's business, and soon arrived in Jinling. Li Yu talks with monks and Taoists in the palace all day, enjoys painting and writes lyrics, and knows nothing about what is happening outside. One day, he boarded the city wall to inspect, only to find that the city was surrounded by flags of the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Yucai panicked, and he quickly sent someone out for help. On the one hand, he sent envoys to explain that the Southern Tang Dynasty had been kowtowing to Emperor Taizong, but he refused the imperial edict only because he was ill and could not go to Kaifeng to worship. Now he wants to have a fight with each other. Zhao Kuangyin is full of domineering, saying the famous saying that has been passed down through the ages: "You don't say that others are sleeping soundly beside the recliner!" In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), Jinling City was breached. Li Yu had piled firewood and was ready to burn himself to death, but gave up at the last minute. As the minister's meat fell out, South Tang was broken. After the downfall of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu was taken to Kaifeng, where he was ordered to disobey orders. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne and became the Duke of Longxi County. Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), and Qixi was his forty-second birthday. Song Taizong hated him for saying that "the old country can't bear to look back on the moon" and ordered him to be poisoned. After his death, he was posthumously sealed as the King of Wu and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang.