19 15 was admitted to Shi Jing university hall, the predecessor of Peking University. Actively participated in the New Culture Movement and the May 4th Movement, and was one of the early members of the "New Wave Society". 19 19 When the May 4th Movement broke out, He Siyuan attended the rally in front of Tiananmen Square and some patriotic struggles afterwards. In the autumn of the same year, He Siyuan went to study in the United States with official expenses. 192 1 In the winter of, the Washington conference opened, and the people of China asked the conference to discuss the Shandong issue. He Siyuan, as the representative of China students studying in the United States, met with the representatives of China attending the meeting and asked them to argue. During the meeting, he wrote the article "The Course of Shandong Issue in Washington Conference" and sent it back to the domestic Oriental Magazine for publication. 1In the autumn of 922, He Siyuan went to Europe. The following year, I entered Berlin University to study economics. 1924 to Paris. During this period, I wrote the book International Economic Policy. /kloc-in the winter of 0/926, I returned to Guangzhou and became a professor and librarian of Sun Yat-sen University.

1927 joined the Kuomintang of China. 1June, 927, served as a member of the "Kuomintang Shandong Provincial Party Department Reorganization Committee" and minister of propaganda, and participated in the planning of Shandong's "Party Clearing". 1in April, 928, he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the deputy director of the political training department and the director of the legal department of the National Revolutionary Army General Command. 1928 arrive in Jinan in May. On June 1 day, the Shandong Provincial Government of the Kuomintang was established in Tai 'an, with General Feng as the chairman and He Siyuan as the member of the provincial government and director of education. During his long-term education in Shandong, most of the people he appointed were talents from Peking University, Beijing Normal University and the United States, bringing together many talents from Shandong education circles.

1928 In May, the Ministry of Education of Nanjing National Government organized the National Shandong University to form the National Shandong University Preparatory Committee composed of He Siyuan, Wei Zongjin, Chen, Wang, Peng Baichuan, Yang Lianggong, Yang Zhensheng, Yi,,, and others 1, and started the preparatory work. In the preparatory process, Mr. Cai Yuanpei advocated that the National Shandong University should be located in Qingdao, and obtained the consent of Minister of Education Jiang Menglin. The Ministry of Education of the National Government instructed the National Shandong University Preparatory Committee to be changed to the National Qingdao University Preparatory Committee, and besides receiving the original provincial Shandong University, He Siyuan was responsible for the preparation of the National Qingdao University by using the school property and school buildings of the private Qingdao University.

During his tenure, He Siyuan also tried his best to ensure the freedom of thought and academic independence of universities. 1929, the Second Normal University of Qufu, Shandong Province staged a one-act drama of Zi Jian Nan Zi. This made the Confucius family very dissatisfied. They thought that the play had tarnished the image of Confucius, and sued the president Song Huanwu to the Nanjing National Government, demanding that the play be banned. This incident caused an uproar. After He Siyuan's mediation, it was finally reduced to a minor incident. Behind this debate is actually a contest between academic freedom and academic autocracy. He Siyuan, who was baptized by western civilization, stood on the side of academic freedom. Similarly, he also protected Hu Yepin and Ding Ling.

In 1930s, Hu Yepin came to Jinan Provincial Middle School as a Chinese teacher. During his teaching, Hu Yepin vigorously promoted modern literature and general literature and advocated Marxism, which influenced many young students. Ji Xianlin was a student in Hu Yepin at that time. Soon, Hu Yepin's actions attracted the attention of the Kuomintang Party Department and alarmed Han Fuju. Han Fuju originally intended to arrest Hu Yepin, but under the persuasion of He Siyuan, he finally gave up the action. This behavior of He Siyuan reminds people of Voltaire's famous saying: "I disagree with your point of view, but I will defend your right to speak to the death." In addition to education, He Siyuan also devoted himself to rural construction in rural Shandong. With his help, Liang Shuming, Yan and others came to Shandong many times, and Liang Shuming took Zouping, Shandong Province as the base and launched the rural construction movement.

The outbreak of the July 7th Incident disrupted He Siyuan's beautiful dream of building Shandong. He must rise up against the Japanese invaders. During the Anti-Japanese War, Luo Jialun, an old classmate of He Siyuan, summed up a strange phenomenon in the Anti-Japanese War: "Martial men don't surrender, and literati are traitors." Luo Jialun's summary is profound, but there are exceptions. At least, the situation of Shandong's Anti-Japanese War is just the opposite of that summarized by Luo Jialun.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the army was organized in Lubei to fight against the Japanese invaders. 1944 12 used to be the chairman and security commander of the Shandong provincial government of the Kuomintang. After Japan surrendered, he led his troops to accept the puppet provincial government and "fake property".

1945 In May, he was elected as a member of the Sixth Central Supervision Commission of the Kuomintang. He Siyuan secretly entered Shandong as early as June 1945 and returned to Jinan in September 1. After he returned to Jinan, He Siyuan first moved the government organs of the Kuomintang in Shandong Province, which was far away from Fuyang, back to Jinan, took over the puppet regime of Japan in Shandong under the control of the Kuomintang, and appointed commissioners and county magistrates. At the same time, He Siyuan also tried to incorporate the local troops of the Kuomintang, incorporate the Japanese puppet troops and expand the armed forces.

1946 (35 years of the Republic of China) established the unified command of Shandong appeasement of the Kuomintang, with Wang as the director and He Siyuan and Pang Jingtang as the deputy directors. (Member of the Executive Committee of the CPC Central Committee in Wang Guomin) 1946 10 was transferred to the post of mayor of Beiping. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/948, the mayor of Beiping was relieved.

1949 65438+ 10, the PLA launched the Pingjin campaign. On the eve of Beiping liberation, he was the chief representative of Beiping peace talks, and he actively ran for the peaceful liberation of Beiping. Therefore, he was assassinated by the Kuomintang and his apartment was bombed. Except for his youngest daughter, he and his wife were injured. But he was not afraid of violence, and resolutely went to the front with other representatives to negotiate with the representative of China, which contributed to the peaceful liberation of Beiping. Mao Zedong said that he "truly represents the public opinion".

He Siyuan's choice may be related to his understanding of the economic system and the country. In the era of studying abroad, He Siyuan always advocated planned economy, and the Soviet Union was a model of planned economy, which made He Siyuan look forward to the economic policy of the new regime. He Siyuan said in "Recalling My Life": "I went to college in the United States for three years and felt that I had accomplished nothing. 1922 went to Europe and studied in Germany first. Three years in Germany, studying economics and politics. I think American free economy is selfish. Their idea is "Every man for himself, and the devil takes the hindmost". The state has no policies and plans, while the German government intervenes more in social economy, and people have the habit of obeying state management. I am interested in economic policy and planning issues and want to write a book. " Later, He Siyuan really wrote a book "On Economic Control" and advocated the planned economy. Besides, He Siyuan has always been a national supremacist. In his view, individuals must obey the country unconditionally. He believes: "Freedom is the freedom of the nation, not the freedom of the individual." He Siyuan's cognition of the country is diametrically opposed to Hu Shi's proposition. Hu Shi wrote in preface: "now someone says to you:' sacrifice personal freedom and seek national freedom!'" I say to you:' Fighting for your personal freedom is fighting for your national freedom! Fighting for one's own personality is fighting for the country's personality! A free and equal country cannot be built by a group of slaves! He Siyuan advocated "self-sacrifice for the country", and finally he chose to stay at home. Hu Shi advocated that "where there is freedom, there is my motherland". In the end, Hu Shi chose to leave China and go to the United States. After the founding of New China, He Siyuan served as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference for many times, translated many famous works, and broadcast them to the people of Taiwan Province Province for many times, actively running for the great cause of the motherland's reunification. 1982, He Siyuan died in Beijing. He was in politics for the first half of his life, but he studied education and reading here. As a translator for the second half of my life, while enjoying my time, I may bury my family's affairs and the world's affairs in that pile of old paper. Ironically, in reading, He Siyuan's judgment is somewhat biased, and his infatuation with the planned economy is somewhat wishful thinking. After all, looking back on our past disasters, our poverty and backwardness largely stem from our infatuation and pursuit of planned economy.