Volume I Reading Questions

1. Reading of exposition texts

Read the text below and complete questions 1 to 3.

The cultural character of Song Ci

From a cultural perspective, the glory of Song Ci is due to its dual character of the mutual influence of market culture and scholarly culture. at this point. We can start with the aliases of words to discuss. Ci is also called "Shiyu" or "Long and Short Sentences". The former is based on its stylistic evolution, while the latter is named based on its form. As for the aliases of "quzi" and "ququ", they emphasize its musical attributes. From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, this attribute was the basis for the dual cultural character of Ci. Music from the Western Regions was introduced to China during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and merged with the traditional music of the Han people to produce Yan music, which is the opposite of elegant music. The character of its market culture is self-evident. Yu Yan's "Aiyuan Ci Hua" of the Ming Dynasty says: "Poetry dies, and then the ci is composed, so the rest of the day is not the death of poetry, so those who sing poetry die." This theory also discusses the emergence of ci from the perspective of music. On the other hand, the reason why lyrics can win the favor of singers or chanters after poetry is inseparable from the flexibility and diversity of its expression forms. The words break the relatively neat sentence structure of ancient and modern poetry, and are varied and scattered, making it more suitable for reclined string songs and lyrical overlapping meanings.

As the lyrics of the soundtrack, the lyricist must compose them according to the melody and beat of the score before they can be used in singing practice. Therefore, related terms such as "Yi Sheng" and "Lyric Filling" came into being. The syntax of the words is uneven, and there are a variety of words to choose from when creating. Therefore, it has unparalleled flexibility in conveying people's complex and secret inner world. When the ancients composed and recited poems, they often sat upright to reflect the dignity of "poetry expresses ambition", but they had less scruples about relying on their voices to write lyrics. This is the origin of the saying "Shizhuang Ci Mei" or "Ci Wei Yanke". In terms of reflecting the depth and breadth of social life, words may not be as good as poetry; but when it comes to expressing the complex emotional world, words are superior to poetry. Wang Guowei once commented on this: "Ci is a style that should be refined and cultivated. It can say what the poem cannot say, but it cannot fully express what the poem can say. The realm of poetry is broad, and the words of words are long." He summarized that The different stylistic features of poetry and lyrics are indeed very insightful.

The stylistic characteristics of words are closely related to their musical attributes, and the way they are received also has the possibility of double choices. When it is tactfully expressed in the mouth of a singer to entertain the audience, the complexity of the audience requires that the writing of the words must be closer to the slang. In addition to easy-to-understand words, interesting cries are also indispensable. In addition, the different reception methods of listening and speaking also require that the writing of words should not be obscure and difficult, but should have a certain basis in colloquialism. All these requirements will undoubtedly strengthen the cultural character of Ci. Otherwise, Ci will lose the soil for its development and become desk literature purely for literati to appreciate. Liu Yong's "If we meet again, it will still feel like the old days", and Li Qingzhao's "It is better to look under the curtain and listen to people's laughter". The former writes about lovers whispering softly, lingering and pathos, while the latter touches the desolation of life and contains sorrow and joy. The words are easy to understand, without any confusion, and easy to listen to and sing; if expressed in the form of poetry, it would be difficult to convey the delicate and subtle emotions. Of course, poetry is not limited to the expression of romantic feelings or life experiences. Among the related themes of expressing ambitions, chanting history and expressing ambitions, there is also a free and unrestrained style that is different from poetry, as evidenced by Su Shi's singing of "The Great River Goes East" and Xin Qiji's "Eternal Rivers and Mountains".

1. One of the following characteristics that does not belong to the "market cultural character" of Ci is ( )

A. In the early days, Ci was lyrics that matched Yan Le, and Yan Le matched Ci It has influenced the cultural character of the market.

B. The syntax of the words is uneven and the word cards are rich, which can express the complex and secret inner world with less scruples.

C. "Ci is a beautiful poem". Ci has the advantage over poetry in expressing the complex emotional world.

D. Influenced by the audience, the language of the words is closer to slang, the sentences are easy to understand, and there is a certain degree of colloquialism.

2. Regarding the following expressions about the different characteristics of poetry and words, one of the following does not conform to the meaning of the original text: ( )

A. The sentence pattern of the poem is relatively neat, while the sentence pattern of the poem is relatively neat. The changes are scattered and suitable for singing and expressing complex emotions.

B. The language of the poem is obscure and difficult, but the words are relatively simple and easy to understand, which can not only satisfy the appreciation of literati, but also entertain the audience.

C. "Poetry has a broad realm, and words have long words" means that poetry is good at reflecting social life, and words are good at expressing the complex emotional world.

D. The sayings that "Shizhuang Ci is Mei" and "Ci is Yanke" show that there are differences between poems and Ci in terms of the emotional content they express.

3. In the following analysis of the original text, one of the incorrect ones is ( )

A. "The poem died, and then the words were written," and the words were called "the poems left", and It is not that the development of poetry began to die out in the Song Dynasty.

B. The musical attribute of words affects the way of creation and reception of words, and is the basis for the formation of the cultural character of words.

C. Because Ci has the character of market culture and is deeply loved by the general public, this determines the glory and brilliance of Song Ci.

D. When describing history and expressing aspirations, words also have a free and unrestrained style that is different from poetry, and their expression of emotions is deeper and more subtle than poetry.

2. Reading of Ancient Poetry

Read the following classical Chinese text and complete questions 4 to 7

Biography of Zhang Heng

Fan Ye

Zhang Heng, courtesy name Pingzi, was a native of Xi'e, Nanyang. Heng Shao was good at literature and traveled in Sanfu. After entering the capital and observing the Imperial Academy, he became proficient in the Five Classics and mastered the Six Arts. Although his talents are above the world, he is not arrogant. He is always calm and quiet, and is not easy to interact with the common people. In Yongyuan, it was not possible to promote filial piety and integrity, and even the official government was not established. At that time, the world was at peace for a long time. From the princes down, everyone was extravagant. Heng Nai copied Ban Gu's "Two Capitals" into "Er Capital Fu", because he used it as a satirical remonstrance. If you think carefully, it will take ten years to achieve success. General Deng Zhao was astonished at his talent: he did not respond to repeated calls.

Heng is good at dexterity, especially thinking about astronomy, yin and yang, and calendar calculations. An Di Ya heard that Heng was good at martial arts and worshiped as a doctor, and then moved to Taishi Ling. Then he studied the yin and yang and found out the righteousness of the Xuanji. He made the armillary sphere and wrote "Lingxian" and "Suanwang Lun", which are very detailed.

At the beginning of Emperor Shun's reign, he was transferred again and became Taishi Ling again. Heng doesn't admire the current world, and the officials he lives in often stay there for many years. He resigned from the post of historian and returned after five years.

In the first year of Yangjia, the wind and seismograph was rebuilt. It is made of fine copper, has a diameter of eight feet, has a raised lid, looks like a wine statue, and is decorated with the shapes of turtles, birds and beasts in seal script. There is a capital pillar in the middle, and there are eight roads running beside it, which are used to control and send out power. There are eight dragons outside, with a copper pill in their head and a toad underneath, which they open their mouths to receive. The teeth are ingeniously made and are hidden in the statue, covering them all the time. If there is an earthquake, Zun will vibrate the dragon, spit out pills, and the toad will hold them. The vibrating sound is exciting, and the observer is aware of it. Although one dragon is moving, but the seven heads are not moving, if you look for its direction, you will know where the earthquake is. Test it with things, and give up the agreement as if it were a god. It has not been recorded since it was recorded in the book. When a dragon's machine appears but the ground does not move, the scholars in the capital are surprised that they have no levy. A few days later, when the post arrived, there was an earthquake in Longxi, so everyone was impressed by its wonderfulness. From then on, historians were ordered to record the origin of the earthquake.

At that time, political affairs were gradually declining, power was transferred to the lower levels, and the affairs of the upper levels were neglected. Later, when he moved to serve in the palace, the emperor led him to the curtain and satirized the left and right. Ask about those who are ill and ill in the world. The eunuchs were afraid of him destroying themselves, so they all watched him. Heng came out of nowhere. The eunuch was afraid that he would end up in trouble, so he slandered him. Heng often thinks about things about himself, thinking that good or bad fortune depends on it, which is subtle and difficult to understand. So he wrote "Si Xuan Fu" to express his emotions.

At the beginning of Yonghe, I went out to the river to ask for help. At that time, the king was arrogant and extravagant and did not abide by the constitution. He was also too arrogant and right-handed, and his behavior was unethical. Heng got out of the car, governed with dignity, and rectified the laws. He secretly knew the names of the traitorous parties and gathered the birds for a while. He was solemn from top to bottom and called political principles. After serving in office for three years, he sent letters begging for his bones and worshiping the minister. He died in the fourth year of Yonghe's reign at the age of sixty-two.

4. The incorrect explanation of the underlined word in the following sentence is ( )

A. Heng Shaoshan belongs to the text concatenation

B. The scholars in the capital were surprised that there were no signs of it

C. An Diya heard that Heng was good at learning skills

D. The eunuchs were afraid that Heng would destroy themselves, so they all looked at him with their eyes.

5. In the following explanation of the related contents of the underlined words in the text, the incorrect one is ( )

A. Yangjia: the reign name of Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty. The era name is a name used by the feudal dynasties of my country to commemorate the year. An emperor has only one reign title.

B. Xiaolian: In the Han Dynasty, people of good character were recommended to the central government by local officials (prefects) and held official positions. The recommended person is called "Xiaolian".

C. Six Arts: In ancient times, official schools required students to master six kinds of knowledge and skills: etiquette, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics.

D. Begging for bones: In feudal society, ministers asked to resign when they were old and became "begging for bones", that is, asking for their bodies to be returned and to return to their hometowns.

6. In the following understanding of the content of the article, the wrong one is ( )

A. This article introduces Zhang Heng’s achievements in literature, science, and politics, focusing on details. When writing about scientific talents and achievements, the arrangement should be detailed and appropriate to highlight the focus of the article.

B. As a biography of a character, this article introduces the character with time as the longitude and deeds as the latitude, and the narrative clues are very clear. In terms of expression, narrative is mainly used, while explanation is also used.

C. Zhang Heng had a calm and quiet personality and did not like to interact with the common people. By imitating Ban Gu's "Two Capitals", he created "Er Capital Fu", which ruthlessly criticized the excessive luxury in society at that time. Satire.

D. Zhang Heng was proficient in astronomy, good at machinery, and also had insight into the social conditions of the time. He has a keen political vision and superb political skills, but he also has the anguish of unpredictable fortunes and misfortunes in the political whirlpool.

7. Translate the underlined sentences in the original text into modern Chinese.

(1) General Deng Zhi was so talented that he failed to respond to repeated calls.

(2) It is not recorded in the book.

(3) Later, when he moved to serve in the palace, the emperor stood behind the curtain and satirized him.

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.

The quarrying bank of the Moon River on the Xijiang River plays a fisherman's poem ①

The white gull has no intention of coming and going, so he chooses to be in trouble. The fish in Beipu ② is delicious and the wine in Qiancun is delicious. Thousands of years of past events have faded away, how can one care less about the rise and fall?

Note: ① This word was written after "Shuilong Yin Deng Jiankang Shangxin Pavilion". ②Biepo: The place where the river flows into the river and the sea. ③Then: what to do.

8. What emotion does the author express in "Shuilongyin Dengjiankang Shangxin Pavilion" when he says "Don't say that the sea bass is worth eating"? What emotion is expressed here when he says "Biepu fish is worth eating"? ?

9. What kind of image of the fisherman does the author create in this poem? What is its significance?

10. Fill in the gaps in the following famous poems .

(1) In Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia", the two sentences "____________________, ____________________." integrate the natural landscape and the nostalgia for the past, and serve as a transitional link between the past and the next.

(2) In Li Qingzhao’s “Slow Voice”, the sentence that points out the emotion of the whole word is “____________________, ____________________.

"

(3) In Liu Yong's poem "Yulin Ling", the sentence that best conveys the detailed description of the actions between lovers who cannot bear to leave is: "____________________________, ____________________________. ”

3. Reading of literary texts

Read the following text and complete questions (1)-(4).

Day

Chen Zhongshi

Two sieves, supported by wooden tripods, stand diagonally in the large pit where the wet sand and gravel are dug out. The man uses a hoe and a shovel, and the woman also uses a shovel. A hoe and a shovel; men have two iron cages made of iron wire and a pole, and women also have two iron cages made of iron wire and a pole.

The hoe is used for digging. Digging the deposited sand.

The shovel is used to scoop up the loose sand and throw it into the snare. The stones roll down from the front of the snare, and the fine sand is isolated into the snare.

The iron cage made of iron wire is used to carry the stone.

The pole is used to carry the iron cage containing the stone. Become the key to the fruits of men and women's labor.

Men and women have been repeating this kind of labor for sixteen or seventeen years.

It's been the first time since I returned to the countryside. One day, I walked to the Zishui River and found this couple on the other side of the river. As far as I could see, there was no other person working like this with a snare on the beach upstream and downstream.

The sun at noon in early spring has already begun to heat up, making my face hot, but very comfortable.

"You should find a job in the city," I said, "You are in high school. "Sheng, I should..."

"I have looked for it. Did it too. Can't do it. "The man said.

"If you can't do it with one family, why not try another one?" I said.

"You can't do it even if you change no less than five owners. "The woman said.

"Can't find a suitable job? Haven't found the right one?" I asked.

"Some people work without getting paid, so they work in vain. Some treat people like dogs, drinking and drinking without any integrity. I can't stand it!" he said.

"That's a tough bear. If you want to make money from others, you won't be looked down upon. "She said.

"It's not a matter of hard bear or soft bear. Working hard to make money doesn’t mean you have to live for nothing. "He said.

"With these words, Lao Chen can tell that you are a tough bear," the woman said, "His father is a tough bear. His dad is a tough guy. He's also a tough guy who can't turn a corner - a genetic thing. ”

“China currently lacks nothing but tough bears. "He said.

"The bow broke the string. If a person is hardened... he will not end well. "She said.

"That's right. My grandfather was tied to a bright pillar by bandits and cut with knives. Cut him with a knife and ask, and he won't tell you where the silver yuan is hidden in the crack of the wall until he is cut to death. My father was beaten for three days and two nights. He was not allowed to eat or drink, and was not allowed to sleep until he passed out. He still refused to admit that he was "anti-Party"... I am not a tough person. "

"You are so hard that you can only dig rocks! If you are harder, there will be no way to survive. Hard bear——"

He whispered to me very frankly and with some confusion. He couldn't figure out why he paid attention to a woman's waist. He must marry a wife with a good waist. She has a bad face. Secondly, just look past her.

He sighed loudly, not without the intention of trying to please women: "When my woman was young, her waist was the best in the whole county. The countryside is too hard and tiring. A good waist has been ruined. "

The man shoveled the stones piled under the net into the cage, picked it up with a pole, and walked up the slope of the sandpit. The wooden pole creaked and poured the stones in the cage onto the stone. Stack it up. Turn around and pretend to pick again. The woman said to me: "He talks a lot when he sees you." He stayed with me for a whole hour without saying a word.

”

The moment when the sun sinks to the head of Nishihara; the brief moment when it is about to sink. It is really a wonderful and gorgeous moment. The bright yellow willow forest belt is dyed orange in this moment. The river The green grass that had just appeared on the edge of the cliff was also dyed orange. The men and women on the small wooden bridge were blurred by the glow of the moment, and they were unable to distinguish between men and women.

They had to do some official business. , when I returned to Zishui River, the wheat was already sprouting.

I rushed back to my hometown in the countryside a little eagerly, just to experience the weather of the wheat sprouting season.

The woman is waving the shovel and throwing sand and stones into the net. Where is the man?

"Where is the tough bear?" "Not coming. "

I asked: "What's wrong? What happened?"

She stopped the shovel in her hand and let out a deep breath: "My daughter failed the exam. good. "

"Is that the reason?" I also breathed a sigh of relief, "I didn't do well in the exam this time, so I'll try my best to do well in the exam next time!"

She smiled bitterly: " This time the test is a class placement test. If you do well in the test, you can enter the key class. If you are placed in the ordinary class, there is no hope. "

"This baby is also... he usually studies very well, and his test scores are always at the top. It just so happened that when it came time to separate classes, he took the exam as soon as possible..."

"After hearing this, his whole body became weak and he lay on the kang for three days. ”

“It wasn’t until last night that he said one thing: Why am I still fishing for stones now! Why are I still fishing for stones for this...”

“Didn’t you say that he Is he a tough guy? He collapsed after such a little setback?" I said.

"He almost failed to pass the college entrance examination and college entrance examination, hoping that the baby can..."

"He's coming! Oh my God! He's coming by himself -"

I heard the woman's trembling voice, and saw her tears welling up with her trembling voice.

I immediately saw him walking towards Shaliang here

He was carrying a snare and a shovel on his shoulders, and a load on his other shoulder, two woven iron wires. The iron cage was hung on the iron pole.

He smiled lightly at me.

"It was almost dark. .Why are you here?" she said.

"If you dig a load, it counts as a load. " He said.

For a long time, he didn't speak. The hoe dug out the sand layer and hit the rocks, making a harsh noise, and occasionally a spark burst out.

For a long time, he didn't speak. I straightened up and said calmly: "The worst I can do is set up another snare on the beach for my daughter!"

My heart suddenly trembled.

I saw the woman slowing down. She dropped the shovel. I saw her slumping down in the wet sand pit and heard a suppressed sob.

My eyes were blurred. .

11. In the following analysis and appreciation of the ideological content and artistic features of this novel, the two incorrect ones are ( )

A. The labor scene described in detail at the beginning of the novel. , highlighting that men and women use the same hoe, shovel, wire cage, and pole, and praising women's character of not giving up in the face of heavy labor.

B. The novel writes that the man's grandfather is a tough man. Xiong, his father is a tough bear, and he cannot find a job in the city because of his "toughness". This contrasts with his daughter's "softness" after failing the exam.

C. The underlined part of the novel is passed. The description of the beautiful scenery at dusk expresses "my" love for the land of my hometown, and also highlights the joyful mood of men and women working together.

"D." has been written many times in the novel. The "net" has a certain symbolic meaning, implying that the couple struggled and hoped in the days of heavy labor, but in the end they still failed to break free from the "net".

E. Most of the paragraphs in the novel are short, and even use a lot of sentence-by-sentence structure. The language is simple, life-like and colloquial, so that it is written in a way that suits the theme of farmers' life.

12. What are the functions of "I" in the novel.

13. How does the novel create the character of man? Please analyze it based on the text.

14. What are the reasons for the ending of the novel "My eyes are blurred"? Please analyze it in conjunction with the full text.

Volume Ⅱ Expression Questions

4. Use of Language and Characters

15. Fill in the idioms in the horizontal lines of the following sentences in order, and the most appropriate group Yes ( )

① In order to interfere with China’s peaceful rise, the U.S. military has repeatedly stirred up troubles in the originally peaceful South China Sea. However, as long as the Chinese government _________ and responds calmly, China will surely be able to steadily move towards its set goals. go ahead.

②Su Shi was deeply influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and experienced many ups and downs in his life. However, he was always able to _________ in the face of bad luck, and he excelled in poetry, lyrics, prose, calligraphy, etc. High achievements have been made.

③True strength refers to an outstanding character that is low-key and humble, peaceful and pragmatic, sincere and friendly, able to _________ the ridicule and discrimination of others, and ultimately relies on one's own abilities to achieve a career without being ostentatious. .

A. Be at peace with yourself, be calm and at ease with it.

p> D. An Zhiruosu is calm and composed

16. Among the following sentences, the one with no grammatical defects is ( )

A. The strong romantic color is the work of Li Bai He is also the greatest romantic poet in my country after Qu Yuan. He gallops his imagination and describes the magnificent and strange world with shocking pen and ink.

B. "Pipa" uses a series of vivid metaphors to describe different musical tones, appropriately uses onomatopoeia to enhance the imitation effect, and successfully transforms the musical language into the language of poetry, giving people a sense of imitation. The feeling of being there.

C. During the two years he lived in Kuizhou, Du Fu created another peak in poetry creation and wrote more than 400 poems, either recalling the passing years, or lamenting that current events are like a recurring chess game. Either to reminisce about the past, or to grieve and grow old.

D. There are many poems in the Tang Dynasty that praise the Mawei Incident. Although each has its own characteristics in artistic expression, from the perspective of ideological tendency, most of the poems blame Concubine Yang for it, while Defended Tang Xuanzong.

17. Fill in the sentences in the horizontal lines below. The most appropriate connection is ()

Chinese culture is a culture of Shangqun. ______________

① Fan Zhongyan’s saying “worry about the world’s worries first, and rejoice after the world’s happiness” also embodies this spirit.

②As for the relationship between public and private, the public should be put first, and the relationship between people and oneself should be put first.

③Everything from a family to a country or a nation are all groups, and the group is the public.

④As Confucius said: "A gentleman values ??others but despises himself. He puts others before himself."

⑤The saying in "Book of Rites" that "the world is for the common good" has become Wise words. 18. People Speech in communication should be civilized and elegant, which requires the use of modesty and respectful speech.

Example: When asking for forgiveness, you can say "Please forgive me". If you are more polite, you can say "Please forgive me".

(1) When you leave a friend’s house and your friend sees you off far away, you should politely say “please don’t send her away”, or you can say more politely: “please ________”.

(2) When you send your article to the editorial department, you should generally politely say "please revise and correct me", but you can also humbly say: "please ________".

(3) When talking to others, you have to go first. You can say, "You guys chat slowly, I'll leave first." You can also say politely, "I _________."

19. Based on the information provided in the following text, give a definition of "drill theory".

The famous chimpanzee researcher Jane Goodall discovered that young chimpanzees often play games like this: scooping up a little water with their palms and chewing leaves with their teeth to absorb the water in their palms. Adult chimpanzees use chewed leaves to drink water from tree holes to quench their thirst during the dry season. Based on such findings, some scientists believe that game behavior is a rehearsal or exercise for future life. Game behavior allows animals to become familiar with various "skills" to be mastered in future life from an early age, such as chasing, hiding, fighting, etc., and familiarizing themselves with the future. The various relationships that will be formed in animal societies. This is very important for the animal's future survival adaptation. This hypothesis can be called the "exercise theory", and the basic point is that "games are exercises in life."

The drill is ____________________________________.

20. Please write appropriate sentences in the horizontal lines of the following paragraph to make the entire paragraph semantically complete and coherent, with appropriate content and strict logic. No more than 18 words per paragraph.

Chinese culture also has an important feature, ①________. It is believed that all kinds of things in the universe are universally connected and influence each other. People should grasp the nature of things, the relationships between things and their development laws as a whole. Scientists in ancient China used the holistic thinking of mutual understanding and mutual restraint to examine the performance of natural phenomena and their changing processes, thus making their own contributions in many scientific fields. For example, traditional Chinese medicine regards the person as an organic whole, ②________, but often focuses on systemic treatment. China's literary and artistic creation and literary appreciation also pay attention to the overall grasp, the so-called "weather", "charm", "style", etc., ③________.

5. Writing

21. Read the following materials and compose as required.

The weather was hot and the students were studying in the classroom. A classmate who was afraid of the heat turned on the electric fan to the maximum. After a while, another classmate who had a cold turned off the electric fan. So the two had a dispute. The classmate who was afraid of the heat said: "I have the right to turn on the electric fan." The classmate who had a cold said: "I have the right to turn on the electric fan." The classmate who was afraid of the heat said: "Most of the students are hot. The minority obeys the majority. "The classmate with a cold said: "Care for the sick classmates can better reflect the civilization of the class." What thoughts did this incident in the classroom trigger? Please write an essay based on the above materials. An essay of less than 800 words.

Requirements: ① Select the correct angle; ② Prepare your own title; ③ Distinctive stylistic features; ④ Neat writing and correct use of punctuation marks.