It is a coward who turns himself into a coward. It is a hero who turns himself into a hero.
Sartre believes that people are originally nothing, and the essence of people cannot be determined by someone. Determined by external creators such as God, human nature and everything else in human beings are later created by this subjectivity. When human beings come into this world, they are like a blank piece of paper and can only base their decisions on their own. Willing to continue to build yourself up and gain your essence in your future life. What kind of person each person intends to become and what kind of future he chooses depends on his own actions. It is a coward who turns himself into a coward, and a hero who turns himself into a hero.
"Make yourself" is the life slogan of French atheist existentialist philosophy master Sartre. Sartre opposed traditional Western philosophy and believed that philosophy It is the study of human beings, and philosophy should study people, their state of existence and their experience of life. His major philosophical works such as "Imagination", "Being and Nothingness", "Existentialism is a Kind of Humanism", and "Critique of Dialectical Reason" have become important ideological materials for the development and changes of philosophical thought in the 20th century. Sartre's life slogan runs through the three basic principles of existential philosophy: "Existence precedes essence", "Freedom is the essence of human beings", and "The world is absurd and life is painful".
"Existence precedes essence." Shows the difference between humans and animals. People have existence first and then have essence, while things have essence first and then have existence; the essence of external things is given by people. Sartre clearly pointed out: "Existence precedes essence, which means that human beings initially only exist as a pure subjectivity. Human essence and everything else in human beings are later created by this subjectivity." People come into this world like a blank piece of paper. They can only continue to cultivate themselves and acquire their essence according to their own wishes in their future lives. Sartre categorically denied the creation of man by Christian theology. There was nothing in heaven and God was dead. Free people from the shackles of the concepts of "innate" and "destined". The reason why a person is a hero or a coward is not that he is born with a heroic or cowardly nature, but is entirely caused by his own actions. He called on people to take control of their own destiny and have the courage to create themselves.
"Freedom is the essence of man." This is the core theory of Sartre's existentialism. "If existence does precede essence, man can never explain his actions with reference to a known or specific human nature. In other words, there is no determinism - man is free. Man is freedom." Sartre even said : "A person is sentenced to freedom." A person is either free or does not exist at all. Freedom is unlimited, and at the same time it excludes the existence and freedom of others. For personal existence and freedom, "others are hell." On the one hand, I intend to enslave others, and on the other hand, others intend to enslave me. "Freedom is the freedom of choice." Everyone has their own freedom. They can make free choices regarding various circumstances and actions. Cowards make themselves cowards, heroes make themselves heroes. Sartre believes that if people cannot make "free choices" according to their own will in the face of things, such people have lost their individuality and self, and cannot be considered a real existence.
"The world is absurd and life is painful." Sartre believes that man is a void existence, which is determined by the nihilization of human consciousness; man is a possible existence, and his existence is never satisfied with the present things, and always denies his own present, and Pushing oneself into the future, the possibility that people pursue is always a kind of nothingness. The world is empty, absurd, strange, and hostile, and life is also absurd. In this "subjectivity-filled" society, there are bound to be conflicts, struggles, and cruelties between people. It is full of ugliness and crime, and everything is absurd. And man is just a painful person in this absurd and cruel situation. The world can only give people endless depression, disappointment, pessimism and negativity. Life is painful. This is true for the poor, and so is the rich.
Sartre appealed: Facing an indifferent world and a miserable life, the only thing people can do is to act. Only action can show human existence. "Man has as much existence as he realizes himself. Therefore, he is only the sum of his actions.
"Therefore, Sartre's philosophy is also called the philosophy of action. His life slogan "Make yourself" became the spiritual pillar of European youth under the autocratic rule of Stalin. It also made Sartre himself an existential philosopher, writer, and socialist. Activist, shining a bright light in the history of human thought in the 20th century
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