Wars have begun since the emergence of private property and classes. They are used to resolve disputes between classes, nations and nations, countries and countries, political groups and political groups at a certain stage of development. Contradiction is the highest form of struggle (Mao Zedong) 1> Quotations describing war ●War is a violent act that forces the enemy to obey our will (Clausewitz) ●War starts when you want it, but not when you like it Ending (Machiavelli) ●Anyone, including cowards, can start a war, but ending a war requires the consent of the victor (Sallust) ●Wars are made with gold as well as gold (Ovid) ●War seems It means blood and iron (Quintilian) ●The prerequisite for war is: fighting is the only virtue, and peace is the only shame----(Bernard Shaw) ●As long as there is a country, there will be war (Burke) ●Building a country does not rely on dreams, it will eventually resort to blood and iron----(Shi Wenming) ●A country will only be in a state of harmony during war (Hugh Kingsmill) ●War is for emperors Entertainment (UK) ●War is just for those who need it; war is reasonable for those who have lost all hope (Livy) ●War is only for those who need war It is just (Burke) ●A just war can arouse the power of divine love in a noble country, which has been confirmed by countless touching examples (Treitschke) ●There is much help for the right, but few for the unjust ●There is no justice Peace is tyranny (Britain) ●Gold and wealth are the main causes of war (Tacitus) ●War is the son of pride, pride is the daughter of wealth (Jo Swift) ●The great issue of this age is not speeches and resolutions What can be solved...these problems can only be solved with iron and blood (Bismarck) ●Hobbes clearly proved that all animals live in a natural state of war----(Jo Swift) ●War It satisfies, or once satisfied, man's aggressive instinct, but it also satisfies man's desire for plunder, destruction, and cruel discipline and autocratic power----(Cha Elliott) ●War is a human A biological law of paramount importance in life, it is an indispensable regulating factor in human society (Bernhardi) ●The important thing in war is to achieve political results, not military success- ---(Monson) ●War is the feast of death (Europe) ●All mothers hate war (Horace) ●When war comes, truth is the first victim (Hay Johnson) ●War makes most people bleed. , but fattened a few people (W.S. Shenstone) ●War also likes to eat exquisite food. He takes away the good people and leaves behind the bad ones----(Da Thompson) ●Where the teacher is, there are thorns. After a large army, there must be bad years (Laozi) ●Origin of the battle field, no one returned (Li Bai, Tang Dynasty) ●It is pitiful that the mountain road is thousands of miles long, and there are many autumn grasses in the bones of battle every year (Zhang Jie, Tang Dynasty) ●The bloody battle between Qiankunchi (Du Fu, Tang Dynasty) ●When he died, he returned to Chang'an alone with 300,000 yuan (Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty) ●The emperor used swords and guns, and the people suffered ●Hell opened up as soon as the war started (Britain) ●Those who cry war are the devil's advisers (Europe) ●The reason for the war The purpose must be peace (Aristotle) ??●If you want peace, prepare for war (Vegtius) ●There is only one excuse for war, that is, through war we can live in a peaceful environment without destruction (Cicero) ●Winning the war is just a good start for peace (Browning) ●Only the victor can exchange war for peace (Sallust) ●Peace breeds war, and war breeds With peace (Puttenham) ●There has never been a good war or a bad peace (Franklin) ●War makes thieves, peace hangs them (Britain) ●War makes thieves, peace hangs them (Britain) United Kingdom) ●If you want peace, you must prepare for war (Europe) ●Do not serve war and destruction, but serve peace and understanding (Heisei) 2> Literary works describing war 1. Sun Li’s "Luhuadang" and "Lotus Lake" "Luhuadang" mainly tells the story of an old hero. The story happened during the Anti-Japanese War. An old man held a small boat and passed through the enemy's night blockade countless times in Baiyangdian, transporting grain and grass for the guerrillas and escorting cadres. He didn't carry a gun, relying only on his dexterous pole and swimming ability like a water duck to shuttle through thousands of acres of reed ponds without ever having an accident. Thanks to him, the guerrillas maintained transportation connections inside and outside Dian. . But one time when he was escorting two girls to cross the blockade at night, they ran into an enemy's small steamer, and one girl was injured. This blow almost caused him to lose the strength to move forward; but he vowed to avenge the girl. The next day, he outsmarted his enemies alone, picked them off one by one, and avenged the girl. This novel is quite legendary, with vivid characters and distinctive description of the environment. It is worth learning from. "Lotus Lake" wants to ask how many reed fields are there in Baiyangdian? have no idea. How many reeds are produced every year? have no idea.

All I know is that every year when the reed flowers are flying and the reed leaves are turning yellow, all the reeds in the lake are harvested and piled up, forming a Great Wall of reeds in the square around Baiyangdian. The women were making mats in the courtyard. How many seats are arranged? In June, the lake is full and there are countless boats... Author introduction: Sun Li (1913-July 11, 2002), a modern and contemporary novelist and essayist, is known as the founder of the "Lotus Lake School" . His original name was Sun Shuxun. A native of Anping, Hebei Province. After graduating from Baoding Yude Middle School, he wandered to Peking, where he studied in libraries or attended universities, and worked as a clerk. In 1936, he went to teach in an elementary school in Anxin County and learned about the lives of the working people in Baiyangdian area. Later he taught at the Jizhong Anti-Japanese War College and the North China Associated University, and worked as an editor at the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei News Agency and the "Jin-Cha-Hebei Daily". In 1944, he went to Yan'an, studied and worked at Lu Xun Academy of Arts and Letters, and published famous short stories such as "Lotus Lake" and "Luhua Dang". He returned to rural areas in central Hebei Province in 1945 and edited the "Literary Weekly" of "Tianjin Daily" from 1949. He once served as a director of the Chinese Writers Association and vice chairman of the Tianjin Branch of the Writers Association. He stopped writing in 1956 due to illness. After 1977, he wrote many essays and reviews as well as a few novels. Since the 1940s, Sun Li's works have been collected and published, including the short story collections "Luhuadang", "Lotus Lake", "Cai Po Tai", "Instructions", the novella "Village Song", "The Prequel of Ironwood", and the full-length novel "The First Records of the Storm", a collection of narrative poems "Songs of Baiyangdian", a collection of communication reports "Rural Sketches", a collection of essays "Jinmen Xiaoji", "Wanhua Collection", "Xiulu Collection", "Danding Collection", " Shulin Qiucao", "Gengtang Prose", collections of works "Chi Ze Collection", "Qu Final Collection", essay collection "Short Essays on Literature", and also published "Selected Novels of Sun Li", "Selected Poems of Sun Li", "Selected Poems of Sun Li" "Selected Prose", "Collected Works of Sun Li" and "Collected Works of Sun Li", etc. In July 2003, the Sun Li Memorial Hall was completed in the Lotus Grand View Garden in Baiyangdian, Anxin County, Hebei Province. In July 2004, the People's Literature Publishing House published the "Complete Works of Sun Li" with more than 4 million words in seven volumes. Sun Li's works include the novel and essay collection "Baiyangdian Chronicles" as representative works of his elegant and meaningful creative style. Among them, short stories such as "Lotus Lake" and "Instructions" are famous chapters in the history of modern literature. It is regarded as the main representative work of the "Lotus Lake School" by the literary and art circles. Sun Li's novels are set in the rural areas of the Jizhong Plain and the mountainous areas of western Hebei from the Anti-Japanese War to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, vividly reproducing the lives and fighting scenes of the local people. Mao Dun said: "Sun Li's creations have a consistent style. His prose is full of lyrical flavor. His novels do not seem to pay attention to chapter structure, but they are never branchy; he describes the changes in the situation with a calm attitude of talking and laughing, which has the advantage of It is funny but not frivolous." ("Reflecting the Era of Socialist Leap and Promoting the Leap of the Socialist Era") 2. Leo Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Introduction: "War and Peace". There are many characters, grand scenes, complex events, serious structure, and magnificent momentum. The writer describes his characters against a broad historical background and various living environments and atmospheres, sometimes in luxurious and elegant aristocratic salons, sometimes in smoke-filled battlefields; there are also lingering and pathos love stories between young men and women. , and there are horrific battle scenes. Tolstoy focuses on describing the complexity of characters and showing the development of characters from all aspects. Therefore, each of the hundreds of characters in the book is lifelike, unique and full of appeal. "War and Peace" is a huge work, consisting of four volumes and nearly 1.2 million words. Based on the original work and with reference to the movie of the same name, the original book has been extracted and condensed into 100,000 words for young students to read. I believe that readers can also appreciate some of the charm of this great work from this condensed juvenile version of "War and Peace". Answered by: Pearl Milk Tea’s Brother - Tong Sheng Level 8-28 21:09 "War and Peace" is a masterpiece by Leo Tolstoy, the great Russian critical realist literature writer in the 19th century. It is more than 1.3 million words long and has gone through many years. After seven years of hard work, he was highly praised by Lenin. The novel takes the War for Europe that began in 1805 and the Russian Patriotic War in 1812 as its main lines, exposing the greed and despicability of the court dignitaries and bureaucratic aristocrats Vasily in the Russian capital of Petersburg. The work describes a time span of more than ten years and more than 500 characters. It praises the heroic qualities and strong character of the nation and reflects the life of all classes in an important historical period in Russia. In July 1805, Napoleon led his troops to conquer Europe, and a fierce war was brewing between France and Russia. However, the upper class people in Petersburg still lived a quiet and leisurely life. The dignitaries gathered at the family banquet reception held by the queen's female officer and favorite Anna Pavlovna. Attending the banquet were the high-ranking palace official Prince Vasili and his beautiful but misbehaving daughter Mellon, as well as a tall and strong young man named Pierre. He wore glasses, short hair, light-colored fashionable shorts and Brown tuxedo. Pierre is the illegitimate son of the famous Moscow nobleman Bezhuhaof. He studied abroad since he was a child. He is 20 years old this year. After completing his studies, he returned to the country to find a job in the capital. As soon as he entered the banquet hall, he was very interested in people talking about Napoleon's conquest of Europe. Here, he happily met the handsome and resolute young Andrei, the eldest son of Bolkonsky, the retired commander-in-chief of Emperor Paul, and the two soon became good friends.

At this time, Andrei was being called by General Kutuzov to serve as his herald and was about to go abroad to fight the Napoleonic army in Europe. No matter how much his wife and sister Mary, who was about to give birth, tried to persuade him to stay, he could not change his mind. Determined, he hopes to bring glory and glory to himself through this war. Before the expedition, Andrei sent his wife from the capital to her father who lived outside Moscow and entrusted his father to take care of her. So he rushed to the front line and caught up with the Russian commander-in-chief Kutuzov in Poland. The commander-in-chief sent him to serve in the joint column and received a commendation. When Pierre returned to Moscow, he inherited all the inheritance from Count Bezhuhoff and became one of the leading capitalists in Moscow and the darling of the social world. His relative Vasili had long had a peek at the property of the Bezhuhauf family, and wanted to get it by tampering with the will. After that failed, he deliberately tried to win over Peter. On the one hand, he got a big official position in Petersburg, and on the other hand, he tried to win over Peter. She worked hard to arrange for her daughter Mei Lun, who was already a palace official, to marry Pierre in order to make money. In the end, his plan was successfully accomplished, but the marriage turned out to be extremely unfortunate. Pierre discovered the ambiguous relationship between his wife and his good friend Dobhoff. He fought with Dobhoff and luckily knocked down the opponent. Then he separated from his wife and fell into the dilemma of good and evil, life and death. , after joining the Freemasonry, he was influenced by the philosophy of magnanimity and took back his wife. When Andrei returns to the commander-in-chief again, the battle of Austerrich between the Russian and Austrian forces against France is about to begin. Because at the pre-war military meeting, the opinions of several veteran generals were overruled and a strategy of immediate attack was adopted, the result was a disastrous failure. Andrei was wounded and captured. He fell into a coma on the way and was mistakenly thought by the enemy that he would not survive. Kutuzov also thought that Andrei was killed in action and sent a letter to his father to report his death. But Andre recovered with the help of ordinary people. After recovering, he went straight to his hometown. That night, his wife Lisa gave birth to a baby boy, but she died during childbirth. In loneliness and despair, Andre gave his wife the last kiss. He felt that life was meaningless and decided to live in the territory forever. Answered by: Full of Faith - Manager Level 4 8-28 21:12 Summary of the Story of War and Peace (Introduction) This is a blockbuster film with exquisite production and rigorous conception. The scene is magnificent and majestic. It inherits the tradition of the former Soviet Union in shooting historical films, perfectly integrates the spirit of Tolstoy's original work, and reproduces the vast historical picture of Russia during the Russo-French War. The film centers on the Russian Patriotic War of 1812 and reflects major events from 1805 to 1820, including the Battle of Austerlitz, the Battle of Borodino, the Great Fire of Moscow, and Napoleon's retreat. Through the description of the thoughts and actions of the four major families as well as Andrei, Pierre, and Natasha in war and peace environments, it shows the style of Russian society at that time. . The American version, adapted from the Russian writer Tolstoy's masterpiece, is not as artistically accomplished as the Soviet version, but the bright stars and Hollywood-style narrative techniques make the local audience more accepting of this 208-minute popular drama. The elegant Audrey. Hepburn plays Natasha and the gentle Henry. Fonda is a good choice to play Pierre, and the love story between them has become the focus of the plot. But other actors, such as the Eight-Power Allied Forces, could not faithfully reproduce the turbulent story of the great era when Napoleon sent his army to attack Russia. Director Kim. Vidor obviously greatly simplified the plot and connotation of the original work, but the war scenes were still shot quite seriously. Introduction to the writer: Leo Tolstoy, (1828 ~ 1910) the greatest Russian writer in the 19th century. Born into a noble family, he entered Kazan University in 1840 and was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau and Montesquieu. In 1847, he dropped out of school and returned to his hometown to try to reform serfdom in his own territory. He served in the Caucasian army from 1851 to 1854 and began writing. Participated in the Crimean War from 1854 to 1855. Several years of military life not only allowed him to see the corruption of upper class society, but also laid the foundation for his ability to realistically depict war scenes in his masterpiece "War and Peace". War works: "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy; Margaret Mitchell's novel "Gone with the Wind" describing the American Civil War; and "The Battle of Stalingrad" during the Soviet Patriotic War , "A Person's Experience", "Liberation" and "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"; Li Yingru's "Wild Fire and Spring Wind Fighting the Ancient City" describing the Chinese revolution, Feng Deying's "Bitter Cauliflower", Liu Zhixia's "Railway Guerrilla", Wu Qiang's " "Red Sun", Feng Zhi's "Martial Arts Team Behind Enemy Lines" These are all ``! sorry````! I'm lazy, there are too many, so I won't introduce them one by one. 3> Film and television works describing the war 1. "Bridge on the River Kwai" (1957) Because of this movie, people remember Thailand and Myanmar The famous railway bridge on the border. For the most part, this movie is not about resistance but creation; not confrontation but exchange. So some people call it a "war ethics film", while others call it an anti-war film. The film won 7 Oscars in 1958. 2. Andrzej Wajda's "War Trilogy" (1995, 1957, 1958) "Generation" and "Sewer" filmed by Polish director Andrzej Wajda in the 1950s and "Diamonds and Ashes" collectively known as "The War Trilogy".

Taking into account the ideological limitations of the filming era, the brilliance of neorealism shown in the film is even more valuable. In 2000, Andrzej Wajda won the 72nd Oscar Lifetime Achievement Award. 3. "General Patton" (1970) This film is said to be former US President Richard Nixon's favorite film. What's touching about the film is that it truly reproduces Patton's contradictory and split personality. It neither turns him into a "military god" nor relegates him to a veteran ruffian, but depicts him as "a man out of tune with the times." A tragic hero." The film won 7 Oscars in 1971. 4. "A Bridge Too Far" (1977) This film has an unprecedentedly strong cast, and the main actors have all been Oscar winners. The Allied "Operation Market Garden" told in the film also plays an important role in military history. This was the first such large-scale airborne combat operation in human history. However, due to errors in intelligence, communications, and command, the Allied airborne troops failed to complete their mission of advancing into Germany after seizing the bridge and ending the war. 5. "The Battle of Moscow" (1985), with Soviet film director Yuri Ozerov as chief director, it is the most famous World War II blockbuster film produced by the Soviet Union. Speaking of realistic war scenes, the tanks, aircraft and other weapons and equipment in the film were all faithfully restored. When shooting, medium and long shots, and even long aerial shots were mostly used. Today, when computer technology dominates the screen, this is no longer possible. There will be people who put such effort into making war movies. 6. "Hope and Glory" (1987) This film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Picture in 1988, the Tokyo Film Festival Best Picture Award and 5 Academy Award nominations. It was written and directed by British director John Berman An autobiographical masterpiece. The most shocking thing is that the ordinary British people shown in the film can still try to maintain their normal lives when they encounter misfortune - this is perhaps the greatest contempt for the Nazis. 7. "Schindler's List" (1993) This is a black-and-white blockbuster film adapted from the novel of the same name by Australian writer Thomas Kineely. Director Steven Spielberg said: "This was a completely new experience for me. Suddenly, the camera I had always used to escape reality faced reality. I cried every day during the filming." 8. "Saving Private Ryan" "En" (1998) When "Saving Private Ryan" was released in 1998, it was the first time for almost all viewers to understand the bloody nature of war so closely. The director of the film used the hand-cranked camera follow-up method popular during World War II to recreate the scene of the Normandy landing - not with the grand panorama, but with the soldiers' personal emotions that shocked the hearts of the people. The film won 5 Oscars that year. 9. "At the Gate" (2001) This is a legendary film that combines big scenes with personal legends. It is the largest film production in European history, costing US$95 million. In the eyes of movie fans, it is a must-see World War II. Film. The film is adapted from the 1973 documentary novel of the same name by writer William Craig. The protagonist, Russian sniper Vasily, is indeed a real person. 10. "The Pianist" (2002) After reading the first chapter of Zpilman's memoirs, Polish film master Roman Polanski immediately decided to use it as a blueprint to make a film reflecting the suffering of the Jews during World War II. The film won 7 "Caesar Awards" and 3 Oscars in 2003.

(Huang Heng)