In the third year of Zhengde of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty (1508), Wang Shouren, a master of mind science, lectured at Guiyang Civilization Academy and first proposed the theory of the unity of knowledge and action. The so-called "unity of knowledge and action" is not a general relationship between knowledge and practice. "Knowledge" mainly refers to people's moral consciousness and thoughts. "Xing" mainly refers to people's moral practice and practical actions. Therefore, the relationship between knowledge and action refers to the relationship between moral consciousness and moral practice, and also includes the relationship between some thoughts and practical actions. Wang Shouren’s idea of ??“unity of knowledge and action” includes the following two meanings.

1. In knowing, there is action, and in doing, there is knowledge. Wang Shou

Ren believes that knowing and doing are one thing and cannot be divided into "two parts". "Knowledge and practice are two words, said in one effort." From the perspective of moral education, Wang Shouren strongly opposed the disconnect between knowledge and action in moral education and "knowing but not doing", and prominently attributed all morality to the conscious actions of individuals, which is of positive significance. Because from the perspective of moral education, moral consciousness cannot be separated from moral behavior, and moral behavior cannot be separated from moral consciousness. The two are mutually exclusive and inseparable. Knowledge

Knowledge must be manifested as action, otherwise it cannot be regarded as true knowledge. Moral knowledge and moral awareness must be manifested in moral behavior. If we do not act, it cannot be regarded as true knowledge. Wang Shouren believes that: Conscience can do everything, and doing it consciously is knowledge. This is undoubtedly profound.

2. Act based on knowledge, and knowledge determines action. Wang Shouren said: "Knowledge is the idea of ??action, action is the effort of knowing; knowledge is the beginning of action, action is the completion of knowledge." It means that morality

is the guiding ideology of human behavior, and acting in accordance with the requirements of morality is the process of achieving "conscience". Ideological activities generated under moral guidance are the beginning of behavior, and behavior that conforms to the requirements of moral norms is the completion of "conscience."

[Edit this paragraph] Proposed background Wang Shouren's theory of the unity of knowledge and action is mainly aimed at Zhu Xue and is opposed to Zhu Xi's thought. Opposing Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism's "dividing knowledge and action into two tasks, thinking that you must know it in advance before you can do it"

The theory of "knowing first and doing it later" and the resulting emphasis on knowledge over action, "empty words" The style of study of "Earing and Talking". Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, including Lu Jiuyuan, all advocated "knowledge first and then practice", dividing knowledge and practice into two parts, and believed that knowledge must be understood first and then practiced. Wang Shouren advocated the unity of knowledge and action precisely to save Zhu Xue's deviation.

[Edit this paragraph] Theoretical analysis Wang Shouren’s theory of the integration of knowledge and action deepens the relationship between the consciousness and practicality of moral consciousness, and overcomes the shortcomings of Zhu Xi’s idea of ??knowing first and then doing, but at the same time it also erases The epistemological component of Zhu Xi's Theory of Knowledge and Action. Although Wang Shouren's views are conducive to moral cultivation, they ignore the learning of objective knowledge, which caused the shortcomings of later Wang Xue disciples who abandoned their studies willfully. Thinkers in the early Qing Dynasty even attributed the cause of the demise of the Ming Dynasty to Wang

Disadvantages of learning. < /p>

When it sprouts, this is also called "the unity of knowledge and action." Therefore, the "unity of knowledge and action" should be fully understood in order to make a correct evaluation.

In addition, there are many things worth learning from Wang Yangming’s educational thoughts: first, determination, diligence, correction, and accountability. "Without determination, nothing can be achieved in the world. ... Without determination, it is like a boat without a rudder or a horse without a balance, drifting and running. Where will it end up?" And determination can be achieved Promote diligent study, "Anyone who is not diligent in learning must have not yet committed to his ambition." "Reform" refers to oneself, and "responsible for good" refers to advising others to correct their mistakes, which also includes "admonishing the teacher"

Tao" means admonishing the teacher and pointing out mistakes. The second is independent scholarship and ability. The third is to teach students in a step-by-step manner and in accordance with their aptitude. The fourth is to emphasize practice. These educational ideas are of great reference for today's young people's learning.

[1] [Edit this paragraph] Representative figures Wang Shouren, born in 1472 and died in 1529, named Bo'an, nicknamed Yangmingzi, known as Mr. Yangming in the world, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang during the Chenghua period of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty. His father, Wang Hua, won the first prize in Xinchou (1481), the 17th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty. Wang Shouren moved to Shaoxing with his father.

Preacher and practitioner of the theory of "unity of knowledge and action"-Zhang Kairui.PTT professional trainer.

Excellent trainer, outstanding consultant, and has been awarded the title of top ten human resources figures in the Pearl River Delta and the most popular trainer. Distinguished lecturer of Guangdong Private Enterprise Association, lecturer of Guangdong Franchise Association, and member of the American Association of International Secretaries.

Professional experience:

Served as account manager, human resources manager, and training director in famous consulting companies, foreign-related five-star hotels, large state-owned enterprises, foreign-owned enterprises, and private enterprises. Vice President of Operations and other positions. Mr. Zhang takes "honest service and grows together with customers" as his service concept, focusing on long-term communication and cooperation with customers, changing the traditional consulting and training model, and effectively resolving consulting and training risks. , allowing consultants and enterprises to truly achieve a "partnership" relationship!

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Board, Jinbaize Circuit, Dajin (Group), Fuji Intelligent System, Baiyun Hotel, Hanwei Tai Electrical Appliances, Jinkaiyue Hotel, Shenzhen Jinhui Jiabao Hotel, China Unicom Yellow Pages, Belvedere Property, Zhengda Environmental Protection Technology, Nuozhou Enterprise Management,

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Yale Audio, Nippon Paint (China), Lucent Technology, Gui Technology; Shengda Lighting; Yaxu Plastic Industry; Dehao Runda Electric; Technology Seiko; Aimeida Group; Qunguang Group, etc.

Character's Life

According to legend, Wang Hua was very strict with his son's upbringing. Wang Shouren studied literature and martial arts very hard when he was young, but he liked playing chess very much and often delayed his homework for this. Although his father repeatedly scolded him, he never changed his mind. In a fit of anger, he threw the chess piece into the river. Wang Shouren was shocked and realized immediately, and immediately wrote a poem to express his ambition:

Chess is a joy all day long, but the pain of being strictly loved is once lost.

The soldiers fell into the river but were not saved, and the general drowned and rested together.

A horse travels thousands of miles and goes with the waves, just like an elephant wanders into three rivers and follows the waves.

The sound of a cannon and the earthquake in the sky suddenly startled Wolong Chou.

Wang Shouren used Zhuge Liang as a metaphor for himself, determined to make a career. After that, he studied hard and made great progress in his studies. He became more and more proficient in riding, archery, and the art of war. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1499), he passed the Jinshi examination and was awarded the title of head of the Ministry of War. At that time, everyone in the court knew that Wang Shouren was a learned man, but Zhang Zhong, the eunuch in charge of military affairs, believed that Wang Shouren was appointed as the head of the military department as a scribe, so he despised Shouren. Once, he actually forced Shouren to shoot an arrow in public, hoping to make Wang Shouren look embarrassed. Unexpectedly, Shouren raised his bow and shot three arrows, hitting three hits. The whole army cheered, making Zhang Zhong very embarrassed.

Wang Shouren worked as the chief of the Ministry of War for three years. He suddenly suffered from lung disease and returned home because of his illness. He settled in Yangming Cave next to Longrui Palace in Kuaiji Mountain. In his old life, he was called Mr. Yangming.

After Wang Shouren recovered from illness and resumed his duties, he was banished to Longchang (Xiuwen County) Post Office in Guizhou for his opposition to the eunuch Liu Jin in the first year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1506). Cheng. After Liu Jin was executed, he was appointed as the governor of Luling County and became the junior minister of Nan Taipu Temple. At that time, Wang Qiong was appointed Minister of the Ministry of War. He believed that Shouren had extraordinary talents and recommended him to the imperial court. In the eleventh year of Zhengde (1516), he was promoted to the censor of Youqiandu and succeeded him as governor of southern Jiangxi. Wang Shouren mounted the horse to govern the army, dismounted the horse to govern the people, and civilian officials took charge of the soldiers. He combined civil and military strategies into one, and he was smart and quick in using troops. For suppressing local riots and quelling the "Chenhao Rebellion", he worshiped the Minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing and was granted the title of "Xinjian Bo". Later, he was banned because of his high merit, so he resigned and returned to his hometown to give lectures. He founded academies in Shaoxing and Yuyao to preach "King's Learning". In the sixth year of Jiajing's reign (1527), he was again appointed as the governor-general of the military affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi. Later, due to worsening lung disease, he begged to return home and died of illness in a boat in Nan'an, Jiangxi. Posthumous title Wencheng.

Main Achievements

Wang Shouren was the master of subjective idealism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. Developed Lu Jiuyuan's theory to counter the Cheng-Zhu school. Wang Shouren said: "There is no good or evil in the body of the heart; there is good and evil in the body of the heart; the person who knows good and evil is conscience; the person who does good and eliminates evil is the object of investigation.

" and took this as the purpose of his lectures. Wang Shouren asserted: "The truth of all things is not outside my heart" and "the clear mind is the law of heaven"; he denied that there are reasons, things and things outside the heart. He believed that learning "can only be achieved through learning"

The heart is the root of the root. Those who learn, those who cultivate and irrigate, those who support and delete, are nothing more than those who have something to do with the roots. "It is required to use this inner cultivation method to achieve the so-called state of "all things are one". Wang Shouren's theory of "unity of knowledge and action" and "knowledge and action go hand in hand" was designed to oppose Song Confucians such as Cheng Yi and others "Knowing comes first and doing comes later" and various sayings that separate the relationship between knowing and doing. On children's education, Wang Shouren opposed "whipping and stringing, just like being imprisoned", and advocated that "it must be encouraged and the center should be happy." In order to achieve "natural day-to-day transformation", Wang Shouren's teachings appeared in an "anti-traditional" manner. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the Yangming School was formed, which had a great influence on Wang Shouren's followers throughout the country. Various places. After his death, "Wang Xue" was divided into several schools, but they all came from the same sect and each had its own merits. Wang Shouren's philosophical thoughts spread far and wide, especially having a great influence on Japanese academic circles.

Wang Shouren is not only a philosopher, educator, military strategist, but also a famous political figure. A poet. He loved the mountains and rivers of his hometown very much. When he returned to his hometown, he often visited places of interest and left many popular poems.

Wang Shouren wrote a lot of poems during his life, which was compiled by his disciples. There are thirty-eight volumes of "Wang Wencheng Gongquan Shu", the most important ones in philosophy are "Zhuanxi Lu" and "Great Learning"

The "Four Stele Pavilions" in Yuyao have the inscriptions. : The hometown of Wang Yangming, the sage of the Ming Dynasty. Couplet: He once made the university famous, and there are still tall buildings with auspicious clouds. [Edit this paragraph] Related events Wang Yangming's monument. After the battle, the victorious side usually carved stones to mark their achievements near the battlefield.

There is also a place like this in Xiufeng, where there is a stone wall several feet square. There are three stone carvings on the stone wall: in the middle is the "Seven Buddhas" written by Huang Tingjian, a great poet and calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, on the right is a poem by Xu Dai of the Ming Dynasty, and on the left is an inscription written by Wang Yangming here to record his achievements after pacifying Zhu Chenhao's rebellion. The monument contains 136 words, the font is solemn and vigorous, and the inscription on the stone is three-pointed. Later generations commented:

This mountain is immortal at this moment, and the wind and thunder protect the forest.