1. When Confucius was alive, he refused all the compliments given to him by others, such as "How dare I if he is holy and benevolent". Just for learning, Confucius not only did his duty, but also often affirmed himself. He even thinks that there are very few people who are "studious" like himself. His affirmation of his disciples and his eagerness to learn are often a very important standard. Learning to learn is the most important quality of Confucius. Because I am eager to learn, I am so happy that I forget my sadness and even my aging. So, in Confucius' view, what should be done to be studious?
2. Confucius said, "A gentleman doesn't want to eat enough, and he doesn't want peace. If you are sensitive and cautious, you are right and upright, which can be said to be eager to learn. " It means: a gentleman does not worry about not having enough to eat, not worrying about living, being decisive in his work and being cautious in his words, so he can teach virtuous people to always be right. This is called studious. This sentence contains Confucius' unique view of being eager to learn, and it is also the yardstick for measuring Confucian eagerness to learn in later generations. This has important reference significance for us to advocate the construction of a learning society today.
According to Confucius, studious people should first separate learning from material desires. If a scholar is diligent in the comfort of food, clothing, housing and transportation, he must not be eager to learn. Similarly, the purpose of thirst for knowledge is not to live a luxurious life, but to cultivate the mind rather than live a quiet life. In Confucius' view, the purpose of learning is to become a "well-informed" person, and being famous and educated is not a priority. This is not something that excludes material things, but emphasizes that learning is learning without attaching material purposes. This thought had a far-reaching impact on China, and many Suzhou scribes from poor families encouraged themselves.
In fact, once learning is given too many requirements, it will go out of shape. It has been recorded in history that Dong Zhongshu "didn't peek into the garden for three years", which shows the purity of his learning. Therefore, learning should be "studious", and its purpose must be learning itself, not other external factors. From this perspective, the so-called "Yan Ruyu in the book, car in the book" is actually an imaginary connection between reading and wealth at the bottom of society. In the Complete Works of Wang Yangming, it is said that it is very painful to study alone. Why does Wang Yangming love reading so much? Wang Yangming said that when studying, I always want to become famous quickly. Desire forms psychological oppression when you study, and of course you can't be happy. Therefore, the pleasure of reading is not to link the purposes and desires other than reading, including material demands. This is the premise of forming study habits and a basic learning attitude.
5. On the basis of the correct attitude towards learning, Confucius thought that studious people should be "sensitive to things and cautious about words". That is, a person who is good at learning should be sensitive and decisive, and his words should be cautious and honest. It is a major feature of Confucius' view of learning and an inherent requirement of Confucian humanistic spirit to include the expression of events and words in the category of measuring good scholars.
6. We are used to reading, studying and working practice as two links. In Confucius' view, these are just two sides of an organic whole, which are inseparable. Generally speaking, learners tend to go from one book to another, and they are not active in dealing with things. They even think that things have nothing to do with learning, but things outside or after learning, which is opposed by Confucius. Confucius believes that learning is not only the learning of knowledge, but also the forging of practical ability, which should be tested from the attitude towards things. The so-called "sensitivity" means to be decisive and clear about things. At present, the so-called high scores and low energy in society mean that learning is divorced from reality and the ability to do things is extremely low. The ancients believed that the effect and efforts of learning were reflected in the reaction and handling of things. The Book of Changes says, "A gentleman can't wait all day." It means to grasp the scale and temperature of things, don't wait, do it at once. We can imagine that a sensitive person is also an efficient person.
At the same time, Confucius thinks that a good scholar should be careful what he says. Confucianism believes that people are always easier said than done. At the same time, it's easier to generalize, so if you choose your words carefully, you won't brag. Zhu said that words often suffer from redundancy and actions often suffer from insufficiency. In other words, words are easier said than done. And a person who is good at learning often needs to consider that things are difficult to do, so he needs to be sensitive; Words are easy to say, so be careful. If you are careful about what you say, you won't pretend to understand or stand still. If you are complacent in language, it is easy to form your own hints and will not keep pace with the times. Therefore, it is difficult to regard learning as a daily effort. Confucianism advocates "respecting morality and asking for learning", which means that no matter how high the virtue is, don't give up asking for learning in daily life. Be careful what you say, and ask a person who is good at learning to remain modest at all times. There is a saying in the Song Dynasty that "it is better to die than to die", that is, it is better to die, be cautious and sensitive than to die. The two can be compared.
8. According to Confucius, only by "not worrying about not having enough to eat, not worrying about not being safe and being sensitive to things" can a studious person solve the problem of learning intention and the direction of his efforts. The problem is that even if a person knows how to transcend utility and be cautious, there may be big deviations without good reference and guidance. Therefore, we should be "just right and correct", that is, we should be good at learning from people with good methods and correct ourselves accordingly.
Generally speaking, Confucius' studious view is a three-dimensional and rich system to measure studious. This is of positive significance to the transformation of the current isolated and isolated learning concept.