In the whole primary school stage, primary school students are in the best starting period of cultivating good reading habits and the foundation period of personal quality. They have a strong desire for knowledge, innovation and innovation, want to broaden their horizons, want to be independent, and like to read nervous thrillers or biographical stories about human survival, conquest and development of nature. A student's reading ability directly affects his personal composition creation level and composition quality. Teachers complain that students' compositions are poor, they don't have reading habits, they don't want to read useful books, and they ask students to read more books, hoping that students can write well. At the same time, they only pay attention to the teaching of textbook knowledge and lack the guidance for students' extracurricular reading. With the in-depth study of the new syllabus, teachers pay more attention to extracurricular reading and assign homework for extracurricular reading, but most of them are related composition selections. Although reading excellent compositions is extracurricular reading, after all, the scope is too narrow and the reading level is shallow, which can't satisfy their desire for knowledge, innovation, broadening their horizons and independence, and their initiative and enthusiasm for reading are low. Mastering reading ability not only makes it easier for students to understand the text, but also improves their writing ability by learning other people's excellent language and writing methods. To cultivate and improve students' reading ability, it is not enough to talk on paper, but to put it into practice and pay attention to methods. With the popularization of computers and the rapid development of the Internet, more and more students are reading online, and they are getting younger and younger. There is a lot of information on the internet, both gold and precipitation. Middle and senior students are novel and lack of discriminating ability, and the number of students affected by bad reading materials on the Internet is increasing rapidly. Strengthening the guidance of extracurricular reading for middle and senior students and cultivating good reading interests and habits will not only save time and money, but also be of great benefit to the cultivation of students' ideological quality and lifelong development. (A) the correct guidance, clever migration, reading in and out of class organically. Reading is a basic intellectual skills. This skill is a prerequisite for academic success. It is the sum of a series of processes and behaviors. The cultivation of students' reading habits and abilities first comes from teachers' classroom teaching, and reading methods also come from teachers' method guidance in the classroom. In text teaching, we should guide students to use reference books to read correct pronunciation, understand words and phrases, grasp key points or beautiful words and wonderful fragments, and cultivate students' perception and understanding ability in reading. In classroom teaching, teachers should properly choose some paragraphs that are close to life and suitable for students to read. These paragraphs or information requirements are not only social contents and hot issues that students want to know, but also beautiful words. They should guide students to read in Chinese activity classes or at appropriate times, so as to satisfy students' reading desire, stimulate students' enthusiasm for actively reading newspapers and books and accumulate their own information. First, stimulate and cultivate students' interest in independent reading. In daily reading teaching, we should appropriately infiltrate the cultivation of reading interest, flexibly use various teaching methods such as creating scenes, intuitive teaching, demonstration and story guidance to stimulate students' interest in learning, correct some students' misconceptions in time, and let students join the reading ranks independently. Secondly, let students learn to read with reference books. Reading the text is for students to learn independently. It is not enough for students to understand words and sentences, the meaning of the text, the content of the text, the author's writing intention and the spiritual connotation to be expressed. It is also necessary to rely on the help of reference books, such as Xinhua Dictionary, Idiom Manual and some tutorial manuals, so that students can master the methods of using these tools. Finally, let the students know how to understand the text in context and summarize the content, center and paragraphs of the text. The formation of reading habits and abilities can't be greatly improved only by reading a few texts in class, but by reading a lot after class and using the reading methods learned in class. Teachers guide students to use the law of transfer and apply the reading methods mastered in class to extracurricular reading. In daily teaching, teachers should recommend relevant classic literary works to students according to what they have learned in textbooks, and guide students to communicate the internal relationship between in-class and out-of-class knowledge. Through extensive reading, reading habits and ability will change qualitatively due to the rapid increase of quantity, students' ability will be improved and their thoughts will be sublimated. (2) Teach students how to choose reading materials after class, so that students can choose reading freely. Pupils often read books and periodicals at will after class, like novel and dynamic picture books, seek speed, and gulp down dates when reading; It is unrealistic to ask for thickness, read thick books, lack discrimination ability, and many students prefer it, even easily influenced by bad publications and bad information on the Internet. Teachers should not only recommend useful reading materials to students regularly, but also teach students how to choose extracurricular reading materials and information, so that students can choose reading freely. In Qing Dynasty, Tang Biao divided books into five grades in Reading Spectrum, and advocated choosing reading materials according to grades. There are books to read, books to be familiar with, books to read, books to read carefully, and books to prepare for reference. Tang Biao's classification is very rough, but it is necessary for teachers to guide students to choose extracurricular reading materials. Therefore, teachers should also guide students to divide extracurricular reading materials into three categories: when reading, when reading, familiar reading, and selective reading: first, books closely related to in-class teaching, and textbooks such as original works, biographies of writers or biographies of characters are required reading books, such as Burning Red Cliff and Guiding Reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The second is classic works. Famous short stories, fairy tales and fables, and popular science books are all worth reading, such as Andersen's Fairy Tales and 100,000 Why. The third is dictionaries and dictionaries, which are reading tools. Students should be familiar with them and be good at using them. In the middle grade, teachers mainly choose reading materials, and teachers should choose complete sets of reading materials according to the characteristics of students. In the senior stage, teachers should guide students to understand the classification of books and the basic methods of reviewing books and newspapers according to the characteristics of the subject, so that they can learn to use school libraries and county libraries to freely choose reading materials. When guiding students to choose extracurricular reading materials, teachers should establish the guiding ideology that the content and subject matter of reading should be extensive, diverse, vivid and interesting. Students should read a wide range, not only the content, but also the theme and style of reading. As Lu Xun said in "Letter to Yan Limin", reading must be like a bee, picking a lot of flowers to make honey. If you bite in one place, your income will be limited and boring. (3) guide the combination of intensive reading, skimming and fast reading to improve the efficiency of extracurricular reading. Time is life and efficiency is money. With the interest in reading, I still can't master the reading methods. While cultivating students' interest in reading, teachers should let students master scientific reading methods and improve the benefits of extracurricular reading. In the teaching of reading texts, I teach students four learning methods: initial reading, intensive reading and familiar reading. The so-called initial reading means that students read the full text for the first time, feel the full text, have a general understanding of the text and form a preliminary overall impression. At this stage, pay attention to guide students to make some marks in the text while thinking (for example, draw new words with horizontal lines, draw the main idea of the center and paragraph with curves, draw words they don't understand with other symbols, and take notes next to some words they don't understand). Intensive reading refers to the stage of students' understanding of the text content and is the central link of the whole reading teaching. Ask students to learn by themselves paragraph by paragraph and summarize the meaning of each paragraph. Intensive reading is to let students have an overall impression of the text after reading it for the first time, to deeply understand the text according to the requirements of the text, to understand the author's writing intention, to express the spiritual connotation, and to learn the author's writing methods. In order to consolidate new knowledge, we need to use the familiar reading method, which is a comprehensive training of listening, speaking, writing and words, sentences, paragraphs and articles on the basis of understanding the text. In fact, it is to let students apply what they have learned, thus consolidating their understanding of the text and fundamentally improving their writing ability. When students have a certain amount of reading and their reading ability is gradually improved, then guide them to combine skimming with intensive reading. Skimming newspapers and periodicals can adopt the methods of page layout, title reading, introduction reading and abstract reading to quickly understand the general idea of the work and obtain the materials and information you need. Read some famous books, excellent works, articles and books that you like and need, then study them carefully and write your own experiences in time. Teachers should gradually cultivate students' fast reading ability, read as much information as possible in as little time as possible, and absorb as much information as possible to meet the needs of fast-paced and high-intensity work and life in the 2/kloc-0 century. Reading teaching in 2 1 century should focus on screening information and summarizing key points, and put the ability of judging, selecting and processing language information in an important position in reading teaching. According to the research of reading expert Ceng Heping, in the new century, people must meet three challenges: one is the challenge of unlimited books to limited reading time; Second, information expands in geometric series, challenging readers' original acceptance ability; Third, a lot of new knowledge challenges readers' understanding ability. With the development of Internet technology, computers have entered the homes of ordinary people, and online reading will gradually become the general trend of reading in the future. Therefore, it is imperative to cultivate students' reading speed, expand reading scope and let students read more and faster. In order to make extracurricular reading both beneficial and profound, teachers should also guide students to read the preface and understand the outline of the works before reading excellent works and masterpieces. After reading, read more relevant book reviews to help students grasp the works from all angles and deepen their understanding. (4) Strengthen the consciousness of independent reading and cultivate good reading habits. Teaching is to stop teaching in the future (as the famous educator Ye Shengtao said). Chinese teaching in primary schools should be based on promoting students' development and laying the foundation for their lifelong study, life and work. Reading is the mother of learning. To improve students' learning ability, teachers should naturally strengthen students' awareness of independent reading and cultivate their good reading habits. The specific method is as follows: 1. Teach students to make abstract cards. This work should be persistent, so that students can buy card boxes and avoid being scattered. You can also use the cataloging method of the library for future search, and each card should be left blank appropriately to supplement the information. Teach students not only to make abstract cards, but also to make abstract cards often, and extract wonderful fragments, important materials and information at any time like bees, so as to guide students to cherish them in the ocean of knowledge. Encourage students to read and write more. You can not only make eyes at books, underline key figures, but also think while reading. After reading, you can express your experience and opinions on the content of the article in the form of feedback, urge yourself to read more books, write your feelings in time, promote understanding and digestion, and improve your expression ability. 4. On the basis of students' earnest writing experience, we should make use of Chinese lessons to communicate regularly, evaluate and praise excellent readers, promote speaking by reading and writing by reading, and improve students' writing ability. In extracurricular reading, students broaden their horizons, increase their knowledge, and also understand the methods of reading and writing. Schools or teachers should provide appropriate venues for students to show their reading experience and practice. Most schools have libraries and a considerable number of books. School teachers should make good use of this area, organize reading activities, publish wall newspapers and post-reading columns, introduce you to a good book, and provide students with opportunities to show their reading feelings and practice. You can regularly post excerpts from reading experience and beautiful sentences; You can also organize composition competitions. Let students stimulate their learning motivation and further enhance their awareness of independent reading by showing the results of extracurricular reading. Encourage contributions to radio stations and newspapers and organize newspaper reading activities. For example, Chinese teachers and art teachers jointly organize handwritten newspaper activities to encourage students to participate in various competitions organized by newspapers and magazines, so that students can get opportunities and happiness from the activities. With the increase of reading, students have their own feelings, tasted the success and joy brought by reading, slowly found books and learned to read, thus enhancing their awareness of independent reading and forming good reading habits. For students, having good reading habits will benefit them for life.