The longest-lived emperors include Emperor Qianlong (89), Emperor Wu of Liang Xiao Yan (86), Empress Wu Fu (82), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty (81) and Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (80).
1. Emperor Qianlong
Aixinjueluo Hongli (September 25, 1711 - February 7, 1799), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, was the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The fourth emperor after the capital Beijing.
The era name "Qianlong" means "the way of heaven is prosperous". After reigning for sixty years, he continued to govern after the Zen throne, and actually exercised supreme power for sixty-three years and four months. He was the emperor who actually held the supreme power of the country for the longest time in Chinese history, and was also the longest-lived emperor.
Emperor Qianlong was a famous emperor in the late feudal society of China. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty reached its highest peak since the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong. On the basis of the cultural and military achievements of the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, he further completed the unification of the multi-ethnic country, and further developed the social economy and culture.
Qianlong attached great importance to social stability and cared about the people. He exempted the world's money and grain five times and exempted grain from eight provinces three times, which reduced the burden on farmers, protected agricultural production, and enriched the Qing Dynasty's treasury.
In the 60th year of Qianlong's reign (1795), Emperor Qianlong passed away to his fifteenth son Yong Yan. He died in Yangxin Hall on the third day of the first lunar month in the fourth year of Jiaqing (February 7, 1799) at the age of 89.
The temple name is Gaozong, the posthumous name is Fatian Longyun Zhicheng Xianjue Tiyuan Liji Fu Wen Fenwu Qin Ming Xiaoci Ming Shengchun Emperor. He was buried in Yuling in the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty.
2. Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty Xiao Yan
Emperor Xiao Yan of Liang Dynasty (464-June 12, 549), also known as Shuda, also known as Lianer, was born in Wujin County, Nanlanling County A native of Dongcheng (now Fangxian Town, Danyang City, Jiangsu Province), he was the founder of the Liang Dynasty during the Northern and Southern Dynasties (reigned from 502 to 549).
Born from the Xiao family in Lanling, he is the twenty-fifth grandson of Xiao He, the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty. During the Southern Qi Dynasty, Xiao Yanlei served as the governor of Yongzhou. During this period, he participated in the defense of the Northern Wei Dynasty twice and was favored by Emperor Qi Ming.
In the second year of Yongyuan (500), he raised troops to attack Xiao Baojuan, the Marquis of Donghun, and supported Xiao Baorong, the king of Nankang, as the emperor. The following year, Jiankang was captured. In the second year of Zhongxing (502), he accepted Xiao Baorong's "zen position" and established Nanliang.
In the early days of his rule, Xiao Yan was still able to pay attention to government affairs and corrected various shortcomings since the Song and Qi Dynasties. In order to bring the states and counties under his control, he adopted the policy of replacing dissidents, appointing cronies, and conducting crusade.
But for the powerful families, Xiao Yan changed the precedent and restored their respected status as much as possible; he also treated the clan leniently and granted real power to the kings. Xiao Yan reigned for forty-eight years, ranking first among the emperors of the Southern Dynasties.
In the late period of his reign, as he grew older, he began to neglect political affairs and became addicted to Buddhism. In the second year of Taiqing (548), the "Hou Jing Rebellion" broke out, and Xiao Yan was imprisoned and died in Jiankangtaicheng at the age of 86. His posthumous title was Emperor Wu, his temple name was Gaozu, and he was buried in Xiu Ling.
3. Empress Wu Fu
Wu Zetian (624-December 16, 705), named Wu Zhao (zhào), was born in Bingzhou Wenshui (now Wenshui, Shanxi) . The only orthodox female emperor in Chinese history (reigned from 690 to 705), she was also one of the oldest emperors (67 years old) and one of the longest-lived emperors (82 years old). Together with Empress Lu of the Han Dynasty, she was also known as "Lü". Wu".
Wu Zetian was the second daughter of the warrior Xun, the governor of Jingzhou. At the age of fourteen, she entered the harem and became a talented person of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and was given the title "Wu Mei". During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, she was granted the title of Zhaoyi and later the queen, with the honorific title of "Queen of Heaven". Together with Emperor Gaozong, she was also known as the "Two Saints". After the death of Emperor Gaozong, he became the empress dowager of Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong.
In the first year of Tianshou (690), Wu Zetian proclaimed herself emperor, changed the name of the country to Zhou, made Luoyang the capital, called the "Shen Capital", and established Wu Zhou. Before and after Wu Zetian came to power, she massacred the Tang Dynasty clan members and gave rise to the "cruel politics".
But she is "clearly discerning and good at making judgments", has many powers and strategies, and is able to employ people, so she has many talented people. He also rewarded farmers and mulberry trees, reformed the administration of officials, and paid attention to the selection of talents. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually developed bad governance.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian died of illness, and Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi and others launched the "Shenlong Revolution" to support the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and force him to abdicate. After Zhongzong restored the Tang Dynasty, he was given the title "Emperor Zetian the Great Sage".
In November of the same year, Wu Zetian died in Shangyang Palace at the age of eighty-two. Zhongzong followed her orders and changed her name to "Queen Zetian the Great Sage" and was buried in Qianling Mausoleum as a queen. Later, she was given the posthumous title of "Queen Zetianshun".
4. Song Gaozong
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou (June 12, 1107 ~ November 9, 1187), courtesy name Deji, was born in Bianliang, Tokyo (now Kaifeng City, Henan) . The tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ninth son of Song Huizong Zhao Ji, and the younger brother of Song Qinzong Zhao Huan.
In May of the first year of Daguan (June 1107), he was born in the palace. He was intelligent by nature, knowledgeable and memorized. After the Jingkang Incident, Jin soldiers captured his father Song Huizong and his brother Song Qinzong, and destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty.
Kang Wang Zhaogou was located in Yingtianfu, Nanjing (now Shangqiu City, Henan) and established the Southern Song Dynasty. During his reign, due to the situation and popular support, he appointed Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other main war generals to fight against the Jin army.
Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan, Wang Lun, Qin Hui and others from the peace faction were reused, and they blindly sued for peace, executed Yue Fei, and dismissed Li Gang, Zhang Jun, Han Shizhong and other war ministers.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162), the Zen position was located in the crown prince Zhao Xi, who was honored as "Guang Yao, Longevity, Holy Constitution, Celestial Body, Taoism, Benevolence, Honesty, Virtue, Wu Weiwen, Shaoye Xingtong, Ming Mo, Sheng Lie, Taishang Emperor" ".
In the fourteenth year of Chunxi (1187), he died in Deoksugung Palace at the age of 81. He became one of the rare long-lived emperors in Chinese history, with the posthumous title of "Holy God Wu Wen Xian Xiao" Emperor", the temple name is Gaozong.
In the second year of Shaoxi reign of Emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty (1191), he was given the posthumous title of "Emperor of Zhongxing Quan Gong Zhi De Shen Wu Wen Zhao Ren Xian Xiao".
5. Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty
Boer Jijin Kublai Khan (1215-1294), the Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, was a Mongolian politician and military strategist. The fourth son of Jian Guo Tuo Lei was Meng Gedi of Yuan Xianzong. The last khan of the Great Mongol Kingdom and the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Mongolian title "Xue Chan Khan".
In 1251, Meng Ge appointed Kublai Khan as prime minister, serving as a common official in the military and state affairs of the Han Dynasty in Monan, and stationed in the south of Hudu. He successively served as a Han Confucian scholar to rectify the official administration of Xingzhou, established an economic affairs department in Bianliang, rectified the military and political affairs of Henan (now Luoyang), and established farmland for Tang and Deng, which achieved positive results.
In 1253, he received the fief of Jingzhao (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). In the same year, Kublai Khan was ordered to join the general Wu Liang in an expedition to Yunnan to destroy the Dali Kingdom. In 1258, Meng Ge launched an army to attack the Southern Song Dynasty and appointed Kublai Khan as acting commander-in-chief of the Eastern Route Army.
In September 1259, Meng Ge died of illness on the front line of Hezhou. In March 1260, with the support of some kings, Kublai Khan was located in Kaiping and established the central government of the Yuan Dynasty. Kublai Khan relied on the abundant manpower and material resources of the Han Dynasty to send troops to defeat Ali Buge.
In 1271 (the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty), taking the meaning of "Great Qianyuan" in the "Book of Changes", the founding name was Dayuan, and Dadu was determined to be the capital. In 1274 (the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty), Boyan was ordered to launch a large-scale attack on the Song Dynasty. In 1279 (the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty), the remaining forces of the Southern Song Dynasty in exile in Yashan were finally eliminated, and the great unification of the country was completed.
After unifying the country, Kublai Khan reused the Hui people Ahema. Ahema was in charge of the central finance from the beginning of the Central Unification, and his power increased day by day as he plundered money from many sources. Later, Ahema became the sole master of government affairs.
In 1282 (the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty), the assassination of Ahema by Wang Zhu and Monk Gao occurred in Dadu. After that, Kublai Khan successively appointed Lu Shirong and Sang Ge to take charge of finance, but both ended in failure.
In the same period, Kublai Khan sent troops to Japan, Annan, Champa, Burma and Java, but all failed. However, it played a certain positive role in fighting against the intrusion of the northwest kings such as Haidu and Duwa and subduing the rebellion of the northeast kings Naiyan.
In 1294 (the thirty-first year of the Yuan Dynasty), Kublai Khan died of illness.
Baidu Encyclopedia——Emperor