1. Translation of the classical Chinese article "The Human Heart Is Insufficient"
A man was extremely poor and devoted his whole life to Lu Zu. Lu Zu felt his sincerity and suddenly came to his home one day. He saw that his house was bare and the walls were bare. He felt pity for him, so he stretched out his finger and pointed at the stone chime in his courtyard. After a while, the charm turned into gold, and he said: "What do women want?" The man bowed again and said: "You don't want to." Lu Zu was overjoyed and said: "Zicheng can do this, he has a selfless heart, and he can teach you the great way." The man said: "Otherwise, I'm going to kill you with my finger." Lu Zu suddenly disappeared.
A very poor man dedicated his life to worshiping Lu Zu. Lu Zu was Lu Dongbin, who is said to be the ancestor of Taoism. Lu Dongbin was touched by his sincerity. One day, he suddenly came down from the sky and saw that his house was very poor with only four walls. He couldn't help but pity him, so he stretched out a finger and pointed at a heavy stone in his courtyard.
Immediately, it turned into gold and said: "Do you want him?"
The man bowed again: "No."
Lu Dongbin was very happy and said: "You are indeed without selfish motives, and I can teach you the true way to become an immortal."
The man said: "That's not the case, I want to That finger of yours."
Lu Dongbin suddenly disappeared. 2. Translation of classical Chinese texts
Classical Chinese texts: Sima Wen Gong (Sima Guang) suffered from poor memory when he was young, so he lived in groups and gave lectures. The brothers had become accustomed to chanting and then wandered around; Chanting stops.
Those who exert more force will achieve farther, and those who recite it carefully will never forget it throughout their lives. Wen Gong often said: "You can't fail to recite the book, whether on horseback or when you are up at night, you can gain a lot by chanting its words and thinking about its meaning."
⒈Translation: A. Du Xia Gu Jue If you compile it, it will stop if you can recite it twice. B. The one who exerts more force will receive farther.
2. Explain the words in the sentence: A. The memory is not as good as that of others [suffering]: B. All the brothers have chanted [both]: C. They will never forget it for life [is]: D. Or in Immediately [or]: ⒊Add a comma in the following sentence: Sima Wen Gong suffered from childhood illness and his memory is not as good as other people's ⒋The sentence that can summarize the main idea of ??this article is ___________, in the article, "lonely under the curtain" means that Sima Guang studied diligently , there is a similar idiom is ________. 3. Find 5 extracurricular classical Chinese articles (request the original text, translation title)
The original text is "The Shang and the officials discussed stopping theft" (Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian") The Shang and the officials discussed stopping theft.
Or please (someone advocates) strengthen the law to ban it. Emperor Taizong said: "The reason why the people are thieves is because they have heavy taxes and heavy servitude, greedy officials, and suffer from hunger and cold, so they have no time to care about their integrity! I should eliminate extravagance, save money, lighten corvee and taxes, and choose honest officials. If the people have enough food and clothing, they will not be robbed, and they will use the law? "After a few years, the sea will be peaceful, the roads will not be picked up, the houses will not be closed, and merchants will be able to stay in the wild.
Translation The emperor and his ministers discussed how to stop thieves. There were pleas for harsh criminal laws to be used to stop it.
The emperor smiled and said: "The reason why people become thieves is because there are too many taxes, too much labor and military service, the officials are greedy, and the people don't have enough to eat and don't have enough clothes to wear. This is true. Problem, so we don’t care about shame. We should get rid of luxury, save expenses, reduce corvee, collect less taxes, select and appoint honest officials, so that the people have enough food and clothing, then they will naturally not do it. Why should we use harsh criminal laws for thieves? From then on, a few years later, the world was peaceful, no one took the things that others dropped on the road as their own, the gates did not need to be closed, and merchants and travelers could sleep in the open.
Original text "The envoy of Qi asked Empress Zhao Wei" (Warring States Policy) The envoy of the King of Qi asked Empress Zhao Wei. Before the letter was sent, Empress Wei asked the envoy: "Are you all right?" Are the people okay? Is the king okay? The messenger did not say anything, but said: "I have been entrusted with the power of the envoy. Now I do not ask the king, but first ask about the age and the people. How can I be humble first and then be noble?" Queen Wei said: "No."
How can there be people if there is no age? If you have no people, how can you have a king? So there are those who abandon the basic and ask about the last? " Translation: After King Qi Xiang sent an envoy to greet Zhao Wei, before he opened the letter, Zhao Wei asked the envoy: "Is the harvest okay this year? Are the people happy? Is your king okay? The envoy was a little unhappy and said, "I have been ordered by the king to say hello to the Queen Mother. You didn't ask about the situation of our king first but asked about the situation of Nian Cheng and the people. Isn't this a bit humble before being respectful?" " Zhao Wei later replied: "You can't say that. If there is no maturity, how can the people thrive? If there are no people, how can the king be respected in the south? Is there any reason to abandon the basics and ask the last questions? "Original text "Records of the Love of Study and Diligence at the End of Ren" (from Wang Jia's "Records of Supplements") In the last fourteen years of his tenure, he took up his studies and studied as a teacher, and was not afraid of dangers.
Every sentence: (If a person does not learn, how can he succeed? ?) Or under the trees, weaving thatched grass into a nunnery, cutting thorns into pens, and carving tree sap into ink; at night, reading in the light of the stars, or in the dark, binding hemp and mugwort to illuminate themselves.
(The disciples appreciated his diligent study and often changed his clothes with clean clothes.) The last words of the admonishment were: "If a lady is eager to learn, she will still exist even if she dies; if she is not a scholar, she will still be alive." ”
Translation: At the end of Ren's reign, he was fourteen years old. He had no fixed teacher for his studies. He carried a bookcase on his back and was not afraid of the long journey, dangers and obstacles.
It is often said: "If a person doesn't study, how can he be successful?"
Sometimes he would lean under the trees, weave cogongrass into a small thatched house, cut wattle sticks into pens, and carve the sap into ink. At night, I would read under the stars and moon, and if it was dark (if it was), I would tie up mugwort to illuminate myself.
Write what you like on his clothes to remember it. His classmates liked his diligence very much, so they exchanged clean clothes for his dirty clothes.
If (he) is not a saint, don’t read it. When he was about to die, he warned: "People like to learn, and even if they die, they will still seem to be alive; those who don't learn, even if they are alive, are just zombies."
Original text "Zheng I Learn Gai" (Liu Zheng) Based on "Yu Ion") Zheng Zhi learned from me as a cover. There was a severe drought for three years, and it was useless and turned into straw.
After three years of heavy rain and no use, it is still a cover. Not long after, robberies started, and all the people used their military uniforms, leaving only those who could use them.
If you want to learn to be a soldier, you will be old. The more good farmers there are, the more they dig fields to grow rice, they will suffer from waterlogging for three years.
People say that it is better to drain water to plant millet, but they don’t listen, and if the situation remains the same, it means that there has been a severe drought for consecutive years. If you calculate your gains, you will pay for your losses and win.
Therefore, it is said: "Dry people have boats, hot people have furs. This is a famous saying in the world!" Translation: A countryman in Zheng State learned to make rain gear. He learned it in three years. But when there was a severe drought, he made it. Rain gear is of no use.
He gave up rain gear and learned to use tangerine (a tool for fetching water). He learned to do it for three years, but it rained heavily and it was useless again. So he went back and redid the rain gear.
Soon thieves started to appear in droves, and people all wore military uniforms. (Military uniforms can protect against rain) and few people used rain gear. He wanted to learn to make weapons again, but he was old and couldn't do it anymore.
(After Yu Lion learned about this, he said: "There are many things in life that cannot be decided by humans. They are all determined by God. However, although it is determined by God, which technology to learn should be determined by God." It was decided by the family. The countryman was responsible for the result.)
There was a man in Yue State who was good at agriculture. He cultivated wasteland and cultivated rice, but he encountered difficulties every three years. Floods. People said that they should plant millet after drainage, but he didn't listen. Instead, the drought continued for two consecutive years.
He calculated the harvest and found that it had made up for the previous poor harvest. There is a surplus. So he said: "When there is a drought, you need to prepare ships, and when it is hot, you need to sew fur coats."
What a famous saying in the world. "Original text "The Biography of Wen Tianxiang" ("History of the Song Dynasty") When Tianxiang arrived in Chaoyang, he saw Hongfan and ordered him to bow to him, but he refused.
Hongfan then greeted him as a guest and went into Yashan with him. He sent a letter to Zhang Shijie. Tianxiang said: "I can't defend my parents, so I teach people to rebel against them. Is that okay?" "The clue is solid, but there are a few foreign poems written in the book.
There is a saying at the end: "No one has died in life since ancient times, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history." Hong Fan smiled and stopped. < /p>
The cliff mountain was broken, and a wine gathering was held in the army. Hongfan said: "The country has perished, and the prime minister's loyalty and filial piety have been exhausted. Anyone who can change his mind and serve the Song Dynasty will become the prime minister." "
Tianxiang burst into tears and said: "You can't kill the country. It is more sinful to die as a minister. How dare you escape death and not think twice!" " Translation: Wen Tianxiang was taken to Chaoyang. When he saw Hongfan, the escorts asked him to come to see him. Wen Tianxiang insisted not to do so. Hongfan received him as a guest, and went to Yashan with him, and asked Wen Tianxiang to do it. He wrote to Zhang Shijie and ordered him to surrender. Wen Tianxiang said: "I cannot serve the motherland, but instead teach me to let people betray their own country. How can I do this?" "Hongfan still asked him to write a surrender letter, so Wen Tianxiang had no choice but to give him the poems he wrote when he crossed the Lingding Ocean. At the end of the poem, there was a line: "Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will be remembered by history." See Hongfan After that, he no longer mentioned the matter. Later, Yashan was breached, and Hongfan held a wine celebration in the army. Hongfan said: ". 4. Translation of this classical Chinese article
Sima Guang was eager to learn
"Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials in Three Dynasties"
Original text
Sima Wen Gongyou At that time, when I asked about the troubles, I was not as good as others. They lived in groups and taught. After all the brothers had finished reciting, they stopped wandering around. When I was alone, I was able to recite twice as many times as possible. The person who exerts more force will achieve farther, and what he recites carefully will be remembered throughout his life. Wen Gong once said: "You can't fail to recite the book, either on horseback or when you are awake at night, and you will gain a lot by chanting its words and thinking about its meaning." .
Translation
Suffer: Worry
Already: Already
Suitable: Wait until
Nai: Only
Taste: Once
Or: no real meaning, no need to translate it
Chant: chant
訨: wait
Double irony: recite
Sima Guang when he was young , Worrying that my ability to memorize poems and books in preparation for responses is not as good as others. Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. (Sima Guangque) studied hard alone, as focused and hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius when they were studying, until they could recite skillfully. (Because) The more effort you put into reading now, the more lasting the rewards will be. The books he has read and recited intensively will be remembered throughout his life.
Sima Guang once said: "You cannot read without memorizing. Sometimes when riding a horse and walking, sometimes when I can't sleep in the middle of the night, I will recite the article I have read and think about its meaning, and I will gain a lot!"
< p> Keynote sentence of the full text: He who exerts more force will achieve greater resultsIn the article, "the only one who draws the curtain and must be compiled" means that only Sima Guang studied hard on his own. We have learned a similar idiom that also describes diligent study. This idiom is Wei Bian Sanjue
Reading Tips
This article narrates the story of Sima Guang studying diligently, especially "Books cannot be read" Points of view such as "If you chant its text and think about its meaning, you will gain a lot" are indeed the principles for learning. We must learn from Sima Guang’s spirit of diligence and hard work.
Original text
When Sima Wen Gong was young, he was not as good at asking questions as others. He lived in groups and taught. All the brothers had finished reciting and then stopped wandering around. When he was alone, he was able to recite twice as many times as possible. It stops. Those who exert more force will achieve farther, and those who recite it carefully will never forget it throughout their lives. Duke Wen once said: "You can't fail to recite the book, either on horseback or when you are awake at night, and you will gain a lot by chanting its words and thinking about its meaning."
Translation
Sima When Guang was young, he worried that his ability to memorize poems and books in preparation for responses was not as good as others. Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. (Sima Guangque) studied hard alone, as focused and hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius when they were studying, until they could recite skillfully. (Because) The more effort you put into reading now, the more lasting the rewards will be. The books he has read and recited intensively will be remembered throughout his life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without memorizing. When riding a horse or walking, or when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you can recite the article you have read and think about its meaning. You will gain a lot!" 5. Asking for 10 short articles Classical Chinese, no translation required
1. "Everyone has his own destiny":
The son of his neighbor will not change, but he himself will change. There is no other way to change, but there is something special about it.
2. "The wisdom of the old horse can be used":
Guan Zhong and Xi Peng, who were cutting down the lonely bamboo from Duke Huan, turned from spring to winter, and they were confused and lost their way. Guan Zhong said: "The wisdom of the old horse can be used." He let the old horse go and followed him, and he achieved the Tao. When walking in the mountains, there was no water. Xi Peng said: "Ants live in the sun of the mountains in winter and in the shade of the mountains in summer. There is water within an inch of the soil. They dig the ground and get the water. With Guan Zhong's sage and Xi Peng's wisdom, they arrive at their place. I don’t know, it’s not difficult to learn from old horses and ants. Isn’t it wrong for today’s people to learn from the wisdom of saints with their foolish minds?
3. "Liang Tong":
When the overseas workers heard about it, they sighed and said, "What a sad world!" Is there only one Qin? That’s not the case! If you don't take action early, you will die! " Then he left, and he was on the mountain of Danming, not knowing where he ended up.
4. "Zilu Killed the Tiger":
Confucius tried to swim in the mountains, and asked Zilu to fetch water, and met a tiger. When he was fighting with a tiger in a water place, he caught it by its tail and returned it with water in his arms. He asked Confucius, "How does a superior kill a tiger?" Confucius said: "The sergeant killed the tiger and held its head." He asked again: "How is it like killing a tiger in the Middle Kingdom?" Confucius said: "The sergeant kills the tiger and holds the tiger's ears." " He asked again: "How can a corporal kill a tiger? Confucius said: "The corporal killed the tiger and caught it by its tail." Zilu abandoned it because he was jealous of Confucius and said: "Master knows that there are tigers in the water, so he asked me to fetch water because he wanted to kill me." He was carrying a stone tray and wanted to hit Confucius. He asked again: "What is the way for a sergeant to kill someone?" Confucius said: "The sergeant kills people with pen tips." He asked again: "How does a sergeant kill someone?" Confucius said: "The sergeant kills people with a sharp tongue." He asked again: "What is it like to go down to earth and kill people?" Confucius said: "The corporal carried a stone tray to kill someone." "Zi Lu abandoned it and was convinced.
5. "Scolding the Duck":
Yishi said: "What's more, those who fight are to be feared: one fight and another Duck feathers! What's more, those who scold should be warned: one scolding will reduce the crime of stealing! However, there is a skill in doing good, and the old man next door scolds those who practice kindness. "
6. "The Brave Champion of the Three Armies":
He lived widely in Youbeiping. When the Xiongnu heard about it, they called him "The Flying General of Han" and avoided him for several years, not daring to enter the right territory. Beiping... Three years later, Guang Yi Lang ordered four thousand horses to ride out of Youbeiping. Bowang Marquis Zhang Qian followed Guang with ten thousand horses and marched hundreds of miles away. King Xian of the Xiongnu surrounded Guang with forty thousand horses. Guang's soldiers were all frightened, so Guang asked his son to gallop towards him. He dared to gallop with dozens of cavalry alone, ran straight through Hu's cavalry, and came back from behind. He told Guang, "Hu Lu is easy to follow." "The sergeant Nai'an. Guang was facing outwards, and Hu rushed to attack him, and the arrows rained down like rain. More than half of the Han soldiers were killed, and all the Han arrows were exhausted. Guang Nai ordered the soldiers to hold their hands full without firing, and Guang himself shot his general with rhubarb, After killing several people, the barbarians were relieved. At dusk, the officers and men were all indifferent, and Guang Yi was able to manage the army with ease. The army was convinced of his courage. Ming said that he would fight again, and Bowang Hou's army also arrived. , the Xiongnu army was relieved.
7. When Xu Ruzi was nine years old, he tasted a moonlight opera and someone said: "If there is nothing in the moon, it will be extremely clear." " Xu said: " Otherwise. For example, people have pupils in their eyes. Without this, they would not understand. "
8. When Xu Ruzi (Xu Zhi) was nine years old, he was playing in the moonlight. Someone said to him: "If there was nothing in the moon, would it be brighter? "Xu replied: "That's not right. This is just like the pupil in the human eye. Without it, the eye would not be bright. "
9. Kong Wenju had two sons, the older one was six years old and the younger one was five years old.
During the day, while his father was sleeping, the younger one stole some wine from his bedside and drank it. The older one said, "Why don't you worship me?" He replied, "If you steal it, then you have to be polite!"
10. Kong Wenju (Kong Rong) He has two sons, the elder is six years old and the younger is five years old. While his father was sleeping during the day, the younger son went to the bedside to steal some wine. The older son said to him, "Why don't you be polite?" The younger son replied, "You steal, how can you be polite?" 6. The full text of this classical Chinese article Translation
Liang Dong, courtesy name Bowei, was born in Yiju, Beidi. Liang Ding is courageous, always full of righteousness and likes to build a reputation. At first he was a Sima under Deng Hong, the general of chariots and cavalry. He was promoted twice and was named the deputy captain of the Western Regions. Coinciding with the rebellion of the ethnic groups in the west, the imperial court mobilized a large number of troops to the west to quell the rebellion, and ordered Liang Dao to be retained as backup for the various armies. Liang understood Zhangye's Rile. More than 10,000 people from various Qiang tribes attacked Tinghou, killing and plundering officials and people. Liang Dao advanced his troops to attack, defeated the Qiang soldiers, and took advantage of the victory to pursue them to Zhaowu. The enemy prisoners fled in all directions, and only two or three tenths of them were able to escape. Liang Diao then arrived in Guzang. More than 300 powerful Qiang people came to Liang Diao to surrender. Liang Diao comforted them with kind words and sent them back to their hometown. The four counties in Hexi settled down again. Liang Dao was ordered to station in Jincheng. When he heard that the Qiang people had invaded the area around the capital and were approaching the royal garden, he immediately led his troops to attack and fought at Wugong Meiyang Pass. Liang Dong was injured on the battlefield and defeated the enemy for several days and drove them away. After retaking all the robbed people and livestock, and seizing a lot of horses, livestock and property, the Qiang people fled in all directions.
In the winter of the third year of Yongchu, both Nandanyu and Wuhuan leaders rebelled against the imperial court. Pang Xiong and Geng Kui jointly attacked the Xiongnu king Aodian and defeated them. Shanyu personally led the army to surround Zhonglang General Geng Zhong in Meiji, and the battle continued for several months. The momentum of Shanyu's attack became more and more fierce, and Geng Zhong sent a document requesting rescue. Liang Dong led more than 8,000 people to rush to the battlefield, arrived at the old city of the vassal state, fought with General Zuo and the leader of Wuhuan of the Xiongnu, defeated and beheaded their leaders, killed more than 3,000 people, and captured the leaders of the Xiongnu. Wife, children, gain a lot of property. Chanyu personally led seven or eight thousand cavalry to attack and surrounded Liang Dong. Liang Dong put on his armor and went out to fight, and all the places he attacked were defeated. The enemy then led his troops back to Huze. In March, when He Xi's army arrived at Wuyuan Manbai, it suddenly fell ill and could not advance. He sent Pang Xiong, Liang Dong and 16,000 Geng Zhong infantry and cavalry to attack Huze. The connected camp gradually advanced, and Chanyu was very frightened, so he sent King Zuo Ao and Ri Zhu to Liang Dong to ask for surrender. Liang Dong arranged a large-scale display of troops to accept their surrender. The Chanyu took off his hat and barefoot, and I kowtowed and handed over the hostage. When He Xi died in the army, the imperial court appointed Liang Diao as the general of Liao Dynasty.
In the second year, Anding, Beidi, and Shangjun were all occupied by the Qiang people. The price of grain was very high, and the people were scattered and could not support themselves independently. The imperial court issued an edict to Liang Dong to dispatch border troops to welcome the prefects of the three counties, and asked them to lead the officials and people to move to the boundaries of Fufeng County. Liang Dao immediately sent Yougu Tunu, the son of Nandanyu's brother, to lead troops to meet the prefect. After returning, Liang knew that Tu Nu had made a contribution to welcoming the prefect, so he gave him the Qianghou seal and ribbon. As a result, he committed the crime of making unauthorized claims and was arrested and imprisoned to compensate for his crime.
When the rebellious Qiang people invaded the area near the capital, bandits broke out in Guanzhong. The imperial court appointed Liang Dao as a visitor and led troops to attack the invading Qiang people. Liang Diao died of illness when he arrived in Hu County.