Shi Cheng had already made up his mind to leave, and he would compile "Records of Yingzong" and take charge of his affairs. After staying for several months, the "Records" were completed, but before they were published, the illness could not be released. Zhongshu Zuo Cheng, Master Xu, ordered a banquet at the Academy of National History, but still expressed the intention of the imperial court to stay. After the banquet, he left the city and boarded a boat. When Zhongshu heard about it, he sent an official post to pursue him, but he returned before he could catch up. He told the emperor: "Wu Cheng is a famous Confucian in the country and has an old virtue in the dynasty. Now that he is old and returning, he cannot bear to work hard, so it is appropriate to praise him." The imperial edict was issued to add funds to the good official, and he was still given two pieces of gold-woven paper and five thousand guan of banknotes. The pure body is like a piece of clothing. He is sitting with his hands folded, his energy is melting and his spirit is strong. He answers questions, making people feel as calm as ice. When he was weak, he tasted and said: "The great origin of Tao comes from heaven, and the divine is followed. When Yao and Shun came up, they were the origin of Tao; when Yao and Shun came down, they were prosperous; Zhu, Si, Zou, and Lu were the ones who prospered. Li Ye; Lian, Luo, Guan, and Fujian, respectively. In ancient times, Xi and Huang were in the Yuan Dynasty; : Zhongni was in his Yuan Dynasty, Yan and Zeng were in his prosperity, Zisi was in his advantage, and Mencius was in his chastity! Tradition in modern times: Zhou Zi was in his Yuan Dynasty, Cheng and Zhang were in his prosperous state, and Zhu Zi was in charge of his benefit. Which one is the chastity of today? . But you can end up with nothing!" He had already acted like this. Therefore, when he left the imperial office and returned to his home, he would be welcomed by scholars and officials wherever he passed through the counties and towns, and people from all over the world would travel thousands of miles to study in the mountains. There were often no less than a thousand or hundreds of people. I started writing books when I had little spare time, but didn't put them down until the end of my life. In the "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn", and "Book of Rites", they each have their own compilations, which are full of biographies and annotations, so as to reveal their essence, summarize and narrate them, and are shrewd and concise, making them outstanding. He wrote two chapters, "Xue Ji" and "Xue Tong", to help people understand the foundation of learning and the preface to it. He was especially inspired by Shao Zi's learning. He corrected the "Huang Ji Jing Shi Shu", and also corrected "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Tai Xuan Jing", "Music", "Eight Formations" and Guo Pu's "Burial Book".

In the early days, Cheng lived in several thatched houses. Cheng Jufu named them thatched cottages, so scholars called them Mr. Thatched Cottages. In the third year of Tianli, the imperial court appointed the second son Jing as a professor in Fuzhou in order to support him. In June next year, he fell ill and a big star fell to the northeast of his house. Cheng died at the age of eighty-five. He was given as a gift to Zuocheng and Shanghujun of Jiangxi Province, and was posthumously granted the title of Duke of Linchuan County, with the posthumous title of Wenzheng.

The eldest son, Wen, eventually became the general manager of Liuzhou Road, and in Beijing, he eventually became the classics officer of the Hanlin Academy of National History. Sun Dang has his own biography.

Translation

Wu Cheng, whose courtesy name is Youqing, is from Chongren County, Fuzhou. His great ancestor Wu Ye began to live in Xiankou, between the two mountains Huagai Mountain and Linchuan Mountain. Xu Jue, an alchemist who was good at fortune-telling, said that unusual geniuses should appear in that place. One evening before Wu Cheng was born, the elders in the village saw a strange smoke falling into his house. The old woman from the neighbor's house dreamed that an animal was circling and descending into the pond next to his house. The next day I told others about this in the morning, and at this time Wu Cheng was born. When he was three years old, he became smarter day by day. He was taught ancient poems and could recite them casually. When he was five years old, he studied more than a thousand words every day, (always) studying from night to the next morning. His mother was worried that he was too diligent, so she limited the lights used for reading and did not give him more. (But) Wu Cheng waited until his mother went to bed and then lit a lamp to read. When he was nine years old, he and other children took part in the township school examination, and Wu Cheng often came out on top. When I grew up, I became proficient in both the Classics and the Biography, and I especially knew how to apply myself to the study of sages. I once took the Jinshi examination but failed.

In the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), the people had just surrendered to Mongolia, and thieves were rising everywhere. Zheng Song, a native of Le'an, invited Wu Cheng to take refuge in Bushui Valley. So Wu Cheng wrote the "Book of Filial Piety" there, and revised the "Book of Changes", "Shangshu", "The Book of Songs", "Spring and Autumn", "Rituals" and "Da Dai Li Ji" and "Xiao Dai Li Ji" 》. Cheng Jufu, the imperial censor, was ordered to go to the south of the Yangtze River to visit talented people, and Wu Cheng was recommended to the capital. Soon, my mother resigned and returned south because of her old age. Cheng Jufu petitioned the imperial court to place the books written by Wu Cheng in the Imperial College for students to study. The imperial court sent relevant officials to his home to copy his works and report them to him. In the early years of Yuanzhen (1295), Wu Cheng studied in Longxing. Hao Wen welcomed him to the county school based on Chasi's experience. He listened to his lectures on classics and history every day and recorded thousands of words of his questions and answers.

"Jin Luji's "Distinguishing Death": "There are many strange people gathered together, and warriors are like a forest. "Du Fu's poem "Passing the Former Residence of Guo Daigong" of the Tang Dynasty: "How can you treat strangers with openness and kindness? "Volume 3 of "Guangyang Miscellaneous Notes" by Liu Xianting of the Qing Dynasty: "Lu Ziyou, a martial artist. He is intelligent and profound, a strange person in this world, and his medical skills are extraordinary. "

2. Yingwu: smart; strong understanding. "Book of Jin·Biography of Wang Rong": "Rong is young and wise, and has a brilliant look. "Ming Dynasty Xu Wei's "Chen Shanren Tomb List": "Shanren was born with a brilliant mind and was among the best. He was more than ten years old and was known to be very ancient. Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty wrote "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Xiao Xie": "Because of the reading of the teaching, I became very enlightened." Once the instructions were given, no one asked again. "

3. Tuohuo: oil fire used for lighting. Liang Hexun of the Southern Dynasties wrote in "A Letter to the Marquis of Hengshan and His Wife": "The heart is like a ointment fire, frying by itself alone at night. "Su Shi's poem "Shangyuan Night" of the Song Dynasty: "This year on the rivers and seas, Yunfang sent the mountain monks to pay tribute again, and there were layers among the pines. "Ming Dynasty Chen Ruyuan's "Golden Lotus Chronicles": "When we meet in an instant, we are separated from each other and urged, and our hearts are like tuition fees. Who knows. "Six Psalms of a Poor Winter: No Oil" written by a Qing Dynasty poet: "Sit down and don't hesitate to pay tuition fees, and worry will grow as time goes by." "Specifically refers to the light used for studying at night. It also refers to studying diligently. Du Fu of Tang Dynasty's poem "Reward Xue Twelve Zhang Judge Sees a Gift": "It's not that there is no tuition fee, I encourage you to study the Six Classics. "Song Song Su Shi's poem "Send Shu Monks to Die": "Ten years of reading "Yi" cost money in tuition, and reciting poems all day long worries the lungs and liver. "Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty" "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio: Nian Yang": "Three years of tuition, hoping to get the first place in Jibo, but I failed to do so." ”

4. 掾: Belongs to an official.

5. Rizhao: The sun is to the west, about two o’clock in the afternoon. "Yi·Li": "What is the departure of Rizhao?" How long can it last? "The third part of "Miscellaneous Poems" by Cao Zhi of Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms: "There are weavers in the northwest, how colorful the silk silk is! Ming morning will be clear, and the day will be unwritten. Song Zenggong's "Notes from the Upper Hall of Taichang Temple in Fuzhou": "In the daytime, I visited until the end of the day, and in the evening, I visited until the end of the night." "Chen Menglei's poem "Huayan Ridge" of the Qing Dynasty: "The sun is shining on the lower hills, and the mountains are far away. "

6. Yanju: (1) retreat from the court; live in leisure. "Book of Rites Zhongni Yanju": "Zhongni Yanju, Zizhang, Zigong, and Yanyou served as attendants. "Zheng Xuan's note: "The place where he retreated from the dynasty is called Yanju. "Historical Records·Biography of Uncle Zhang Wanshi": "The descendants who win the crown are on the side. Although the Yan family must be crowned, Shen Shen is like this." Sima Zhensuo Yin said: "Yan is the time when Yan is free." "The Records of the Four Bodhisattva Pavilions" written by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty: "In the beginning, my ancestor was not interested in anything. He lived like a house, talking and laughing sometimes. "Preface to "Notes of the Western Qing Dynasty" written at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty: "It rains and snows in spring, and Yanju has a lot of free time. "(2) A place to live. One of the "Six Articles on Equalizing Taxes and Benefiting the People" written by Lu Zhi of the Tang Dynasty: "If you want to decorate the Yan's residence and reserve it for gifts, the emperor is so noble, why would you rather worry about the lack of wealth?" "Ming and Song Lian's "Inscription on the Rengong Pagoda of the Abbot Guangxiao Temple in Jingci Mountain to Repay His Favor": "Don't build Yanju at the west foot of the temple, called Qian'an, and you will have your ultimate ambition. "Chapter 29 of "The Legend of Heroes of Sons and Daughters": "The south room is regarded as a residence, and the north room is used as a bedroom. "

7. Asking for leave: Asking for leave. "Tang Yulin·Supplement Three" written by Wang Can of the Song Dynasty: "Hang is the one who pays homage, and he will immediately replace Hang as an official. "History of the Song Dynasty·Chang Mao Biography": "If he disagrees with the temple affairs, he will report to you with illness." "Ming Gui Youguang's "Preface to the Life of Mr. Dai Su'an": "I will pay tribute to the Imperial Academy, and Mr. Dai Su'an is still a disciple. A few years later, I paid a visit with my father and returned home. ”

8. Advancement: promotion to an official rank. Preface to "Xianju Fu" by Pan Yue of Jin Dynasty: "Since I was weak, I was involved in the age of knowing my fate. I was promoted to an official eight times, and one was promoted, and then I was dismissed. One was removed from the rank, and the other was not." There are only three people who have moved to pay their respects. "Ping Huaixi Monument" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "The prime minister visited the capital, was granted the title of Duke of Jin, and was promoted to the rank of Jin Zi Guang Lu doctor." "Volume 3 of "Yangji Zhai Conglu" written by Wu Zhenfeng of the Qing Dynasty: "At that time, the general was promoted to admiral, and he did not actually have an official position. "

9. Recommendations: (1) Chanting sutras and repenting to save the dead. Tang Zongmi's "Ullambana Sutra" states: "Search for the teachings of sages and pray for recommendations." "Water Margin" Chapter 60: "Long flags were hoisted in the village, and monks from nearby temples were invited to go up the mountain to perform meritorious deeds and recommend King Chao Tian. "(2) Generally referred to as memorial and memorial. The fourth scene of Guo Moruo's "Nanguancao": "Since the Battle of Liaoyang, all loyal ministers, martyrs, widows and orphans who have sacrificed their lives for the country, you all come to enjoy my humble recommendation! "

10. Jue: maybe; perhaps.

11. Gao Ming: refers to the sky; heaven. "Book·Hong Fan": "Shen Qian overcomes hardness, Gao Ming soft overcomes." "Biography of Kong Anguo: "Gao Ming refers to heaven.

"

18. Gathering for discussion: *** Same comment. "Historical Records: Biography of Yuan Anchao Cuo": "The ministers and princes and clans were ordered to gather for discussion. No one dared to make it difficult. Only Dou Ying fought for it. This is wrong. "Volume 4 of "Notes of Laoxue'an" written by Lu You of the Song Dynasty: "In the past few years, the names of Qin Xun and other subjects were refuted. When Fang gathered for discussion, the Central Secretary mistakenly used "refutation" as "peel". "Qing Zhaolian's "Xiaoting Miscellaneous Records·Zui Gong": "The throne in the East Palace was vacant, and the Holy Ancestor ordered all ministers to gather for discussion. "

19. Hun Yi: also known as "Hun One". Qi Tong; unified. "Warring States Policy·Chu Ce Yi": "The husband used a deceitful and repeated Su Qin, and wanted to run the world, Hun Yi It is also clear that a prince cannot succeed. "Book of Han·Zhai Fangjin Biography": "The same rules and measures, mixed customs." "Book of Jin·Biography of Xie An": "An Fang wanted to follow the same literary track, so he went to Shu and asked to march from the north. "The third chapter of "Feng Yun Hui" written by Luo Guanzhong of the Ming Dynasty: "Although the world has not been unified, it is now the time to conquer the south and the north. "Diary of an Envoy to the Four Kingdoms by Xue Fucheng of the Qing Dynasty, February 12, the 17th year of Guangxu's reign": "The righteous man who has contributed to the success of the whole world must be called Kajun." "

20. Relocation: promotion in sequence. "The Biography of the Prefect of Nanke" by Li Gongzuo of the Tang Dynasty: "Zhou (Zhou Bian) and Tian (Tian Zihua) were both known for their political reputation, and they were promoted to high positions. "Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "On the Unrecommended Fa Zhazi": "I saw that the imperial court selected hundreds of officials, civil and military officials... Only among the military officers who were close to the class, there was no distinction between the wise and the foolish. One case was based on age. "Kang Youwei's "Book of Datong" Chapter 7 of the Geng Department: "In particular, those who are promoted to various departments of agriculture and cao, but their long form must be born as a bachelor or an engineer, and can be transferred to the public government, various continental branch governments, and agricultural departments. Ministry officer. ”

21. Old virtues: Refers to veteran ministers with high virtues and high respect. Cai Yong of the Han Dynasty’s "Jiao Jun Praise": "What a pity that the imperial court has lost its old virtues and hates scholars. How can it be followed?" "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, the Chronicles of Shu, the Biography of Du Wei": "In the second year of Jianxing, the Prime Minister led Yizhou Mu, and selected all the old virtues of Miao Jian, with Qin Mi as the farewell driver, Wu Liang as the meritorious officer, and Wei as the main bookkeeper. "Book of Jin·He Zengzhuan": "It can be said that the old virtues are mature and the country's official ministers." "

22. Praise: special praise.

23. Wenqi: gorgeous silk fabric. "Six Taoists·Yingxu": "When Emperor Yao was king of the world, gold Silver, pearls and jade are not adorned, and brocade and elegance are not beautiful. ""Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Hua He Biography":"Beautiful people do not need to be admired for their beauty, and those who are gorgeous do not need to be admired for their love. "The Preface to the Biography of Xunli in Southern History": "There are no private visits to the left and right, and there are no elegant decorations in the boudoir." "History of the Ming Dynasty Taizu Ji San": "Ren Shen, stop the world from weaving weaving and silk decorations every year." "

24. QiRongShenMai: magnanimity.

25. Qi亹 (wěi): diligent and tireless appearance. "Poetry·Daya·Songgao": "QiYi Qi Shen Bo, Wang Zuan's affair. "Book of Han·Biography of Zhang Chang": "Now your Majesty is interested in peace, working hard on political affairs, and does not give up day and night." "Song Ye Shi's "Inscription on Zhao Gong's Tomb in Pingjiang Prefecture, Gu Baomo Pavilion to Be Zhizhi": "If you are careful about the moral meaning but not about the reality of things, it will be difficult for your predecessors to do it. "Liang Qichao's "On the Relationship between Buddhism and Group Governance": "And if you fail to achieve your goals in this life, you can definitely make up for it in the next life, so why worry about not doing anything. "

26. Huan Ruo Bing Shi: Huan Ruo Bing Shi: Huan Ruo Bing Shi. It refers to a sudden enlightenment or sudden enlightenment. Now it mostly describes the complete elimination of doubts, misunderstandings, barriers, etc. Tang Quan Deyu's "Zhang Yin Ju Zhuangzi Zhi Yao Preface": "Gai Promoting the Tao uses surrounding objects to explain the secrets and use them, internal and external complement each other, and always promote each other. Its literary conventions and its purpose are clear, as heavy as beads, as smooth as ice. ”

27. Zhu, Si: Zhu River and Surabaya River. In ancient times, the two rivers merged from the north of Sishui County, Shandong Province, to the north of Qufu, and were divided into two rivers, Zhu River in the north and Surabaya River in the north. In the south. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius gathered his disciples to give lectures in Zhusi. " Later, "Zhusi" was used to refer to Confucius and Confucianism. Liang Renfang of the Southern Dynasties "Qijingling Mausoleum Wenxuan King's Behavior": "The style of Hongzhusi explains the transformation of Jiawei. "The poem "Gift to Mr. Ma Guangchuan" written by Lu Xiang of the Tang Dynasty: "When people return to Zhusi to study, they sing and dance with the wind. "Yeshi of the Song Dynasty's Epitaph of Father Mang of the Song Dynasty": "I have tried to test the gate of Cizhusi, and those who do not learn but rely on their talents should seek it." "Ming Chen Ruyuan's "Jin Lian Ji·Gou Chao": "The origin of Zhu Si is to bear the burden of the future. "Tan Sitong of the Qing Dynasty" "Ren Xue" 1: "Those above them all also highly admire Song Confucianism, and they are called Zhu Si's Zhengzhuan." ”

28. Zou and Lu: (1) Zou, the hometown of Mencius; Lu, the hometown of Confucius.

Later, "Zou Lu" was used to refer to a place with prosperous culture and a state of etiquette and justice. Qian Qianyi of the Qing Dynasty wrote "Sun Zhiyuan, the magistrate of Yongning County, Henan Prefecture, awarded Wenlin Langzhi": "A certain official of Ju followed the teachings of Zou Lu and became a famous Confucian in Jianghan." (2) Refers to Confucius and Mencius.

29. Lian, Luo, Guan, and Min: the four schools of Song Dynasty scholarship. "Lian" refers to Zhou Dunyi in Lianxi; "Luo" refers to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in Luoyang; "Guan" refers to Zhang Zai in Guanzhong; "Min" refers to Zhu Xi who taught in Fujian. Li Zhi of the Ming Dynasty wrote in "The Preliminary Commentary on Virtuous Confucian Officials": "Only this statement came out, and people in the Song Dynasty directly connected Lian, Luo, Guan, and Min with Meng's biography, calling it Zhiyanyun."

30 . Practicing: refers to holding a book and asking for advice, but also refers to receiving a job. "Book of the Later Han·Huan Rong's Biography": "Cheng Yu was lucky enough to be in Taichang Mansion. He ordered Rong to sit on the east side and set up a few sticks. He met with hundreds of officials, hussar general Dongping, Wang Cang, and hundreds of Rong's disciples. The emperor personally practiced and spoke every word. They often say, 'The master is here'."

31. It refers to studying abroad despite hardships. Wei Gu: Walking in straw sandals. "Historical Records·Biography of Lord Mengchang": "In the beginning, Feng Huan heard that Lord Mengchang was hospitable, so he tiptoed to see him." "Selected Works·Ren Fang's "Acts of King Wenxuan of Qijingling": "What is the point of an expert? He crept to Zhong'a; he recruited scholars. Liu Qiu presented a book to Wei Yue. "Li Shan's note: "The Biography of Gao Shi said: He often walks in the grass and rides on a chariot." Carrying a book box. Describes how much reading has been done. Huan Kuan of the Han Dynasty wrote in "Salt and Iron Theory: Xiangshi": "Therefore, a box full of jade scraps does not mean that there is treasure; reciting poems and books while carrying a notebook does not mean that one has virtue." Ma Feibai commented: "Carrying a box of books means carrying a book box. Here, the word "negative volume" is opposite to "manqi", which means that the number of books read is calculated by the number of books carried. "It also refers to study tours in other places. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Li Gu's Biography" "Always looking for teachers on foot" Li Xian annotated "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" written by Wu Xiecheng of the Three Kingdoms: "Gu changed his name, used his staff to drive the donkey, carried a book to pursue the teacher's three assistants, studied the 'Five Classics', and accumulated More than ten years. ”

32. Commentary: refers to the text or writings that comment on the scriptures.

33. Zhuoran: Outstanding appearance. "Shuo Yuan·Jianben" written by Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty: "Beyond the dust, it is outstandingly independent, transcendent and peerless. This is the holy place where the gods can wander."

34. Elderly people: specifically refers to officials and officials. "Book of Rites·Kingdom": "The elders all come to court in Xiang." Zheng Xuan notes: "The elders are the ministers and officials who have become officials in the countryside."