People's Education Press Comprehensive Learning

(1) Exploring the Mysteries of the Moon (Part 7)

1. The first human landing on the moon: 1969, 7. 21. American "Apollo", Armstrong.

2. China’s lunar exploration satellite: 2007, 10, 24, Chang’e-1. < /p>

5. The origin of the legendary mooncake: Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising against the Yuan Dynasty

6. Alias ??and nicknames of the moon: Jade Rabbit, Chang’e...

7. Ancient myths related to the moon Poems, including author and source.

⑴ There is bright moonlight in front of the bed, which is suspected to be frost on the ground. ——Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts" ⑵ I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet the beautiful lady. ——Su Shi's "Shui Tiao Ge Tou"

8. Idioms related to the moon: The mountain is high and the moon is small, the sun and the moon fly like a shuttle. 9. Couplet: The building is high but if the clouds fly by, Chi Xiao can bring the moon.

10. Songs: Beethoven's "Moonlight" and Abing's "Two Springs Reflect the Moon"

(2) Yellow River, Mother River (Part 7)

1. Related knowledge of the Yellow River:

① Source: Bayan Har Mountain ② Estuary: Bohai Sea ③ Length: 5464 kilometers

④ Flows through: 9 provinces (Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong)

2. Myths and legends: Pictures presented by Hebo 3. Stories of historical figures: Dayu’s flood control at the Longmen Grottoes

4. Idioms: Jingwei Ming Ming (a metaphor for clear boundaries), He Qing Hai Yan (describing a peaceful and prosperous age), the mainstay

5. Common sayings and proverbs: Jumping into the Yellow River to wash away the water, the heart will not die until the Yellow River is reached

6. Verses (author, source): ①The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, and rushes to the sea and never returns - Li Bai's "About to Enter the Wine"

②The lonely smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun sets in the long river" - Wang Wei's " "March to the Fortress"

7. Song: "Yellow River Cantata" 8. Advertisement: Protecting the mother river means cherishing one's own life.

(3) The World of Horses (Part 7)

1. Idiom: A horse takes the lead and an old horse knows the way to success

2. As the saying goes: Once a word is spoken, it is difficult to follow it. The wind, the horse and the ox are not in harmony with each other, and the bull's head is not in line with the horse's mouth

3. Stories about historical figures: Zhao Gao refers to deer as horse, Tian Ji, horse racing, Jiu Fang Gao, horse racing

4. Ancient poems (including author and source) :

① The west wind blows thin horses along the ancient road; ——Lu You "Wind and Rain in November and April"

③ Horseshoes are so strong in the spring breeze that they can see all the flowers in Chang'an in one day ——Meng Jiao "After Enrollment"

5. Ancient Cars Horses: Driving two horses is called "parallel"; driving three horses is called "parallel"; driving four horses is called "si"

A cart with four horses is called "one ride" shèng The Son of Heaven - the princes of the country of ten thousand chariots - The Land of Thousands of Horses

6. Famous horses in history or legend: Lu Ma (Liu Bei), White Dragon Horse (Tang Monk), Blood Horse, Six Horses of Zhaoling (Tang Taizong)

7 , Horses in artistic works: "Eight Horses" and "Ambush from Flying Daggers" by Xu Beihong

(4) Opera Grand Stage (Seven Times)

1. Peking Opera: composed by Anhui Huizhou tune was developed by combining Hubei's Han tune, Kunqu opera and Qinqiang tune.

2. The four major professions of opera characters: Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou 3. The four artistic methods of expressing characters in opera: singing, reading, acting, and fighting

4. Five technical methods for expressing characters in opera: Hands, eyes, body, steps

5. Kun Opera, the mother of Chinese opera 6. Oriental opera-Peking Opera

7. The four elements of Peking Opera's female role Major schools and founders: Mei School (Mei Lanfang), Cheng School (Cheng Yanqiu), Xun School (Xun Huisheng), Xun School (Shang Xiaoyun)

8. Facial makeup: red face - (praise ) Loyal and brave, black face - (middle) fierce wit, yellow face - (derogatory) ferocious and deceitful

Green face, blue face - reckless hero, gold face, silver face - (mysterious) god and monster

p>

(5) When did the world turn swords into plowshares (Part 8)

1. Famous ancient and modern poems describing war (including author and source):

① Horse The strokes are so fast that the bow strings are startled like thunderbolts - Xin Qiji's "Breaking Zhenzi to compose a heroic poem for Chen Tongfu to send it to him"

② Eight hundred miles away, the sun is burning under his command, fifty strings are sounding outside the Great Wall, the autumn point of the battlefield Soldiers - Xin Qiji's "Broken Formation for Chen Tongfu"

③The golden sands and water beat against the clouds and cliffs warm, while the iron cables across the Dadu Bridge are cold.

——Mao Zedong's "Seven Rules and Seven Expeditions"

2. Idiom: Horses and leather wrapped corpses are surrounded by singing songs. Attacking from the east and west, one man is at the pass. Tens of thousands of men cannot attack the grass and trees, but all the troops are soldiers

3. Famous quotes about war: ①The weather is not as good as the right place; It is not as good as harmony. If you gain the right, you will get many help, but if you lose the right, you will get little help - Mencius

②Know yourself and the enemy, and you can fight a hundred battles without danger - Sun Tzu ③The army and the people are the foundation of victory - Mao Zedong

4. Defeat more with less Famous battles: Battle of Changshao, Battle of Feishui, Battle of Guandu, Battle of Chibi

5. Advertising slogan calling for an armistice: War is the devil, peace is an angel. Stop the war, for the sake of the children.

(6) The Endless Bridge (Eight Shang)

1. Relevant poems (including author and source): ①Beside the broken bridge outside the post, I am lonely and without an owner— -Lu You's "Bu Suanzi? Ode to the Plum Blossoms"

②Withered vines and old trees, dim crows, small bridges and flowing water, people's houses, the west wind and thin horses on the ancient roads - Ma Zhiyuan's "The Clear Sand in the Sky? Autumn Thoughts"

2 , Idiom: Destroy the bridge when crossing the river, pull out the plank when crossing the river

3. Common sayings and proverbs: ① When the boat reaches the bridge, it will naturally go straight ② The bridge returns to the bridge, and the road returns to the bridge - it is clear

③ On the bridge Horse racing - desperate

4. Historical stories and legends: ① Zhang Fei of Dangyang Bridge "A roar on Dangyang Bridge caused the water to flow back after drinking the bridge."

②In 1937, Mao Yisheng presided over the construction of the Qiantang River railway and highway bridge.

5. The best bridges: ① The oldest open-shoulder stone arch bridge in existence - Hebei Zhaozhou Bridge, built in the Sui Dynasty

② The double-arch stone bridge with the most existing bridge holes - —Suzhou Baodai Bridge, built in the Tang Dynasty

(7) The charm of lotus culture (Part 8)

1. Alias: lotus, water lotus, hibiscus, blue wave fairy

p>

2. Famous lines from ancient poems and prose (including author and source):

① Hibiscus comes out of clear water, and the carvings are naturally removed - Li Bai's "Book Huai Presents Jiangxia Wei Prefecture Liangzai"

②The lotus leaves that touch the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers that reflect the sun are uniquely red - Yang Wanli's "Sent Off to the Forest at Dawn from Jingci Temple"

③It emerges from the mud but is not stained, and the water is clear but not demonic- -Zhou Dunyi's "Love of Lotus"

3. Idioms:

Lotus roots are broken and the threads are connected: On the surface, the relationship seems to be severed, but in fact they are involved or maintain contact. Mostly refers to love.

Stepping Lotus: Originally described as a woman's light gait, it was later used as a metaphor for her gradual improvement.

Three-inch golden lotus: It was originally the name of the embroidered shoes of Chinese women with bound feet, and it mostly refers to the small feet.

4. Others: The lotus is a symbol of nobility. People often use the motto of "coming out of the mud without being stained, washing the clear ripples without being evil". The lotus is also a symbol and messenger of friendship. In ancient my country, there was a folk tradition of "folding plum blossoms in spring and sending them to distant places, and picking lotus flowers in autumn to cherish others".

(8) Songs dedicated to mother (Part 8)

1. Poems describing maternal love: "Paper Boat" Bing Xin "Wandering Son's Song" Meng Jiao

2. Mottos and proverbs: ① When a son travels a thousand miles, the mother is worried ② Only when you raise a child will you know the kindness of your parents ③ The world is vast and the mother is kind

④ There is one of the most beautiful sounds in the world, which is the mother’s call—— Dante

(9) Looking for traces of spring (Part 8)

1. Famous lines from Wing Chun poems praising spring:

①The wild flowers gradually become charming Eyes, only shallow grass can avoid horse hooves - Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake"

② The rain of apricot blossoms makes your clothes wet, and the willow wind does not blow on your face - Monk Zhinan's "Queju"

< p>③When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue - Bai Juyi's "Recalling Jiangnan"

2. Famous ancient poems about cherishing spring and cherishing it:

①There is no choice but to let the flowers fall away , it is the return of Yan who once knew each other - Yan Shu's "Huanxi Sand"

② If you go to the south of the Yangtze River to catch the spring, you will live in spring with thousands of people - Wang Guan's "Send Off to Bao Haoran in Eastern Zhejiang"

3. ①Spring breeze: The rain of apricot blossoms makes your clothes wet, and the wind from the willows blows on your face without chilling - Monk Zhinan's "Quetu"

②Spring flowers: The chaotic flowers gradually become charming to the eyes, and only in Asakusa can there be no horse hooves—— Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour to Qiantang Lake"

③Spring grass: The wild flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and only the shallow grass has no horse hooves - Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour to Qiantang Lake"

The light rain in Tianjie is as moist as crisp , the color of grass looks far away, but there is none - Han Yu's "Early Spring Presents Water"

④Spring Rain: The light rain in the street is as moist as crisp, the color of grass looks far away, but there is nothing - Han Yu, "Early Spring Presents Water" "Besides the Eighteen Members of the Department"

The fallen flower man is independent, and Wei Yuyan flies together - Yan Jidao's "Linjiang Immortal"

4. Song of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms:

The spring rain shocks the clear valley sky in spring, the summer is full of awns and the summer is hot, the autumn is dew, the autumn is cold and the frost falls, and the winter is snowy and the winter is cold.

(10) Go to the folk to collect folk customs (Part 8)

1. Major traditional festivals and customs of the Chinese nation:

① Spring Festival: the first month of the first lunar month Family reunion after eating glutinous rice balls ② Lantern Festival (Lantern Festival): Viewing lanterns and guessing puzzles on the 15th day of the first lunar month

③ Qingming Festival: sweeping tombs on April 4 or 5 of the Gregorian calendar ④ Dragon Boat Festival: eating rice dumplings and salted duck eggs on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month , dragon boat racing

⑤Mid-Autumn Festival: Eat moon cakes and admire the moon on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month ⑥Double Ninth Festival: Respect the elderly on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month

⑦New Year's Eve: Burn firecrackers and post couplets on the last day of the twelfth lunar month Eating New Year's dinner

2. Ancient poems on the Mid-Autumn Festival: I hope that people will live forever, and thousands of miles will bring beauty to the moon - Su Shi's "Shui Diao Ge Tou"

3. Ancient poems on the Double Ninth Festival : Wait until the Double Ninth Festival, and come back for chrysanthemums. ——Meng Haoran's "Visiting the Old Friend's Village"

Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during the festive season. ——Wang Wei "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th"

4. New Year's Eve and Spring Festival: The sound of firecrackers marks the end of the year, and the spring breeze brings warmth to Tusu.

5. Language and customs:

①General angle: refers to childhood. Children in ancient times tied their hair into buns like a pair of horns, called total horns. From The Book of Songs.

② Chui Tiao: refers to childhood. In ancient times, children did not wear hats when they were minors and their hair hung down. From "Peach Blossom Spring"

③ Hairpin: When an ancient woman was 15 years old, she would tie up her hair to show that she had reached adulthood. From "Book of Rites"

④ Cardamom: refers to a 13- or 14-year-old girl. From Du Mu's poem "Farewell"

⑤Weak Crown: The man is 20 years old. In ancient times, men had a coming-of-age ceremony at the age of 20, with their hair tied and a crown worn. From "Book of Rites" Today's coming-of-age ceremony is held at the age of 18.

6. Others: Erli (30 years old), Buhuo (40 years old), Zhi Tianming (50 years old), Sixty (60 years old)

Old age (70 years old), Old age (80 years old, 90 years old) ) Qi Yi (100 years old)

(11) Stroll in the Ancient Poetry Garden (Part 8)

1. Parting emotions in ancient poems:

① Homesickness: Where can I find the hometown book? It's near Yanluoyang. ——Wang Wan's "Under the Cibeigu Mountain"

A glass of turbid wine is thousands of miles away, and there is no way for Yan Ran to return home. ——Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Autumn Thoughts of a Fisherman"

What's the point of sunset in the countryside? Everywhere, the Yanbo River makes people sad - Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower"

② Pregnancy for relatives and friends: I hope that people will live long, thousands of miles away from the beauty of the moon - Su Shi's "Shui Diao Ge Tou"

Alone as a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my loved ones even more during the singing festival - Wang Wei's "Reminiscing about Shandong Brothers on September 9th"

Why should the *** cut the candles from the west window and say nothing? When it rains at night in Bashan - Li Shangyin's "Night Rain Sends to the North"

③Farewell: There are close friends in the sea, and the world is as close as our neighbors - Wang Bo's "Farewell to Du Shaofu on his appointment to Shuzhou"

The mood of wandering in the floating clouds, the affection of old friends in the setting sun - Li Bai's "Farewell to a Friend"

2. Spring, summer, autumn and winter in ancient poems:

①Spring in the poem: Spring breeze: I don't know who cuts the thin leaves , the spring breeze in February is like scissors. ——He Zhizhang's "Ode to the Willows"

The apricot blossom rain makes my clothes wet, and the willow wind blows on my face without chilling it. ——Monk Zhinan's "Quatrains"

Spring flowers: The rain of apricot blossoms makes your clothes wet, and the willow wind blows on your face without chilling it. ——Monk Zhinan's "Quatrains"

The flowers gradually become more charming, and only in Asakusa can there be no horse hooves. ——Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake"

Spring grass: The random flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and only the shallow grass can have no horse hooves. ——Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake"

The light rain on Tianjie is as moist as crisp, and the color of grass looks far away but not up close. ——Han Yu "

Spring Rain: The light rain on the sky street is as moist as crisp, but the color of grass looks far away but not up close. ——Han Yu "

My clothes are wet with apricot blossom rain, and the willow wind is not cold on my face. ——Monk Zhinan's "Quequatrains"

②Summer in the poem: The lotus leaves connecting the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red. ——Yang Wanli "Sent off to Lin Zifang from Jingci Temple at dawn"

I am too exhausted to know the heat, but it is a pity that the summer is long. ——Bai Juyi's "Viewing the Cutting of Wheat" The fragrance of rice flowers speaks of a good year, and the sound of frogs is heard. ——Xin Qiji's "Moon over the Xijiang River"

③Poetry for the Mid-Autumn Festival: The scenery is different when autumn comes, but the geese in Hengyang leave without paying attention. ——Fan Zhongyan's "Autumn Thoughts on Fishermen's Proudness"

You asked about the return date but it was not yet scheduled. The night rain in Bashan swelled the autumn pond. ——Li Shangyin's "Night Rain Sends to the North"

④Winter in the poem: If I want to cross the Yellow River and the ice is blocked, I will climb the Taihang Mountains covered with snow. ——Li Bai's "The Journey Is Difficult"

Suddenly like a spring breeze overnight, thousands of pear trees bloomed. ——Cen Shen's "Song of White Snow Sending Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital"

3. In ancient poems Wind, Flowers, Snow and Moon:

Wind: The rain of apricot blossoms makes your clothes wet, and the wind from the willows blows on your face without being cold. ——Monk Zhinan's "Quequatrains"

Flowers: The flowers gradually become enchanting, and only in Asakusa can there be no horseshoes. ——Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake"

Snow: Suddenly like a spring breeze overnight, thousands of pear blossoms bloomed on the trees._Cen Shen's "Bai Xuege Sends Judge Wu Back to the Capital"

Month: I hope that people will live long and enjoy the beautiful beauty of the moon for thousands of miles - Su Shi's "Shui Tiao Ge Tou"

4. Landscape scenery in ancient poems:

Mountains: Green trees surround the village, green mountains Guo is oblique.

——Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village"

Water: Water is like the waves in your eyes, and the mountains are like the gathering of eyebrows and peaks. ——Wang Guan's "Farewell to Bao Haoran in East Zhejiang"

5. Places of interest in ancient poems:

The half-moon autumn moon in Mount Emei, the shadows are reflected in the water of Pingqiang River. ——Li Bai's "Moon Song of Mount Emei"

What happened to Dai Zongfu, Qi Luqing did. ——Du Fu's "Looking at the Mountains"

To the east of Dongting and to the west of the river, the curtains cannot move and the sun sets late. ——Chen Yuyi's "Climbing the Yueyang Tower"

In the past, people had taken the Yellow Crane to go there, and the Yellow Crane Tower was vacant here. ——Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower"

6. Philosophical inspiration in ancient poems:

If a young man does not work hard, an old man will be sad. ——"Han Yuefu"

There will be times when the wind and waves break, and the cloud sails will be hung directly to help the sea. ——Li Bai's "Traveling is Difficult"

When you stand at the top of the mountain, you can see all the small mountains at a glance. ——Du Fu's "Wang Yue"

Thousands of sails passed by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of spring trees were in front of the diseased trees. ——Liu Yuxi "Rewarding Lotte and Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou"

(12) About the couplets (Part 8)

1. Basic features: equal number of words, relative parts of speech, and structure Correspondence, rhythm, harmony, and meaning. The last character of the first couplet is in oblique tone, and the last character in the second couplet is in flat tone.

2. Famous couplet: Don't be surprised by favor or disgrace, let the flowers bloom and fall in front of the court; leave or leave without intention, watch the clouds roll and relax in the sky.

(13) The Narration of Rain (Nine Parts)

1. Poems describing rain: Seven or eight stars outside the sky, two or three points of rain in front of the mountain - Xin Qiji's "Moon on the West River" 》

The light rain on Tianjie is as moist as crisp, the color of grass looks far away but not up close, Han Yu - "Early Spring Presents Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water"

2. Idiom: Bamboo shoots spring up after the rain and a storm

p>

(14) Speech: Facing life with a smile (Nine Parts)

1. Facing failure with a smile: Du Mu’s "Ti Wu Jiang Pavilion" The victorious and defeated soldiers have unexpected family affairs, and it is necessary to endure humiliation. Man. There are many talented people from Jiangdong, and their comeback is unknown. 2. Learn to be kind to others: A person who is petty is not a gentleman, and a person who is too generous is not a husband. The forehead can run a horse, and the belly can punt a boat.

3. Be a cooperative person: a fence has three stakes, and a hero has three gangs. Ancient saying: We are all brothers within the four seas

4. Write a good speech: first, choose a good topic; second, have a clear point of view; third, pay attention to the use of expression skills

(15) Random Thoughts on Youth (Nine Parts)

1. Famous sayings and aphorisms: ⑴ Youth must be born early, how can one grow into a young man? (Meng Jiao) ⑵ Youth is wonderful, and squandering youth is a crime. (Bernard Shaw)

(16) Read good books, read good books (9) (World Book Day: April 23)

1. Metaphor of books: ⑴Books are full of emotions Old friends, we are on a blind date with joy and sorrow in the morning and dusk (Yu Qian)

⑵ Books are the ladder of human progress (Golky) ⑶ Books-----the real university of the contemporary era (Carlisle)

2. Poems about reading

(1) Ask the canal how clear it is, so that the flowing water comes from a source - Zhu Xi's "Reflections on Reading"

(2) If a young man does not work hard, he will be a boss Just sad. ——"Han Yuefu"

(3) Read more than ten thousand volumes, and write like a master - Du Fu's "Twenty-Two Rhymes of the Book Presented to Prime Minister Zuo"

(4) Black Hair If you don't know how to study diligently early, you will regret studying late. ——Yan Zhenqing's "Encouraging Learning"

3. Celebrities' Reading Methods

(1) Zhu Xi's "Three Ways": Heart, Eyes, and Mouth (2) Confucius' "Learning" "Thinking combines the method": Learning without thinking will lead to failure, thinking without learning will lead to peril.

(3) Bing Xin: The "innovative method" of reading is the same as the ancients (4) Mencius' "independent thinking method": believing in books is worse than having no books

4. Tao Yuanming's reading: good When reading, you don’t ask for a deep understanding. Whenever you have an understanding, you happily forget to eat.

5. Bacon’s famous sayings about reading:

(1) Knowledge is power (2) Reading enriches people, and discussion makes people happy. People are witty, and composition makes people accurate.

(3) Reading makes people wise, reading poetry makes people smart, mathematics makes people thoughtful, science makes people profound, ethics makes people solemn, logic and rhetoric make people eloquent, and everything is learned. , fate creates character.

6. How to deal with the relationship between reading popular works and reading classics.

——Take the essence and discard the dross

7. Recommend a good book to a friend Project: Title, Author, Content, Theme

8. Develop a table of contents for the reading plan and arrange reading time Methods

9. Allusions, idioms and stories about ancient people reading

⑴ Chisel the wall to steal the light (Kuang Heng) ⑵ Wei Bian’s three unique skills (Confucius) ⑶ The firefly reflects the snow (Che Yin Sun Kang) ⑷ Hanging beam thorn (Su Qin)

10. Celebrity reading stories ⑴Mao Zedong studying hard in the busy city ⑵Lu Xun used pepper to ward off the cold

11. Examples of knowledge changing destiny: ⑴Song Lian studying Became the "Three Great Masters of the Early Ming Dynasty" ⑵ Su Qinqin studied and carried the "Six Kingdoms Seal"

(17) Money and money are common topics

1. The earliest Money is: Bei 2. The earliest banknote: Jiaozi

3. Common sayings about money: ⑴ A gentleman loves money and gets it in a wise way ⑵ Money can make ghosts grind

4. The correct attitude towards money ⑴ A gentleman loves money and gets it in a proper way ⑵ Earned through his own legal labor ⑶ Don’t waste it

5. On the topic of money: The philosopher said: Money is a creditor, a borrower Your fifteen-minute joy will cost you a lifetime of misfortune

Common people; money is food, clothing, cars, and houses

6. The ancients’ approach: Mencius: Wealth Don't be obscene: Tao Yuanming: Don't bend your waist for five buckets of rice

(18) Talking about romantic figures through the ages

1. Chen She looked up to the sky and asked the prince and general Xiang Ning if he had the guts, and stood up; Zhuge Liang had not yet come out. The thatched cottage divides the world into three parts and becomes the incarnation of wisdom; Li Bai's "Hundred Poems about Fighting over Wine"; Fan Zhongyan "worry about the world's worries first, and then enjoy the world's joys"; Su Shi's "The great river goes eastward, the waves are gone, and the romance is through the ages." "Characters"

2. Wen Tianxiang's "No one has died since ancient times, leaving his heart to illuminate history" has inspired countless young people; Cao Cao's "Old man is in trouble, and the martyr is ambitious in his old age." How many old people are rejuvenated; Yue Fei's "furious and full of anger" makes people suddenly feel the desire to kill the enemy and serve the country.

(19) One foot on the soil

1. The most common land problems faced by the world now are: soil erosion, land desertification, and the continuous reduction of cultivated land area

3. Write down the names of 3 myths and legends related to the land: Nuwa created man, Pangu created the world, Jingwei reclaimed the sea

4. Write 3 idioms related to the land: Changes in the sea. , rebuild the land, fall apart

5. Write down two common sayings related to land: Water and soil support a person, face the loess and turn your back to the sky

6. The myth of Nuwa creating human beings It illustrates the ancestors' worship of the land. Opening up territories was the goal of many rulers in ancient times to achieve hegemony.

7. Poems related to the land: A cup of dirty wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, but there is no way for the swallows to return home before they are able to escape - Fan Zhongyan's "Thoughts on the Proud Autumn of a Fisherman"

It is rustic and rustic, and the back is burning. Sky light. ——Bai Juyi's "Viewing the Cutting of Wheat"

(20) About novels and dramas

1. There are four famous misers in the character gallery of foreign literature: France (country) ) Abagon written by Molière (writer), Grandet written by Balzac (writer) of France (country), Plyushkin written by Gogol (writer) of Russia (country) and British (country) Country) Shylock written by Shakespeare (writer); Chinese Qing Dynasty writer Wu Jingzi also created a famous miser, his name is Yan Jiansheng.

2. Do you know who is "the only person wearing a long gown while standing drinking"? Kong Yiji, this is a character written by Lu Xun.

(Twenty-one) Riding on the Wings of Music

Do you know that the author of "Moonlight Song" is Beethoven, and the author of "Two Springs Reflect the Moon" is _A Bing_ .

(22) What I know about Confucius and Mencius

1. Confucius, named Qiu, styled Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi, State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. A famous politician, educator, and thinker in ancient times, people respectfully called him a "sage." The "three holes" in Qufu, Shandong Province refer to Confucius Mansion, Confucius Forest and Confucius Temple.

2. "The Analects" is a book of quotations that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, with 20 articles. Together with "Mencius", "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean", it was compiled into the "Four Books" by Zhu Xi (name) of the Southern Song Dynasty (dynasty). In the Ming Dynasty, it became a must-read for scholars to take the imperial examination.

3. Confucius preached a kind of upright personality: a man with lofty ideals and a benevolent person would not harm his benevolence by seeking life, but would sacrifice his life to achieve benevolence; his principle in interacting with others was not to do to others what you do not want others to do to you

p>

He has the virtue of humility: When three people walk together, there must be one who is my teacher

4. Mencius, whose name is Ke and whose courtesy name is Ziyu, was born in Shandong during the Warring States Period and was a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. . People respectfully call him "Ya Sheng", who advocates benevolent government and pays attention to the support of the people. The story of Meng's mother's three moves related to him illustrates the important role and influence of environment on people. "Mencius" puts forward many important principles on how to govern a country. "The right way will help you many, the wrong way will help you few". It can be seen that Mencius attaches great importance to the support of the people. This valuable people-centered thought makes Mencius shine.

5. Write three idioms from "The Analects of Confucius": Choose what is good and follow it; 2 idioms: a drop in the bucket, self-evident, sacrifice one's life for justice