Chapter XXIII
Those who brag don't stand up.
Those who see themselves are unclear, and those who cut themselves are useless, and those who boast themselves are not long.
They are in the Tao, saying: food is superfluous and clothes are superfluous.
Those who have desires live in prosperity. If the silk book is divided into chapters according to the habit, it is 22 chapters. From the content of this chapter, after reading the last chapter, what should be considered is to correct and solve the problems that do not conform to "virtue". Therefore, after making it clear that "virtue" is the ruler's "tightening spell", what should be paid attention to and paid attention to must be: boasting, boasting, boasting and boasting. At the same time, the rulers' behaviors, such as "self-ignorance, self-failure, and self-conceit", are the only reasons why people are "wasted", "distorted" and "never" vindicated. What's the big deal about small people? Thousands of people are "humiliated" and "tolerated" Isn't this the idea of rulers, emperors, princes, bureaucrats (even landlords and bullies), politicians, overlords, warlords and party sticks in history? It is precisely because of this that Lao Tzu earnestly introduced the "original text" of Gu Gongqifu's theory of "virtue" as the content of the next chapter. Therefore, we can't enter the scene of Lao Tzu's "regulation", not only because we can't read Lao Tzu, but also because we don't know the "procedure" and "level" of the article and Lao Tzu's logical arrangement. Therefore, we put the original version into practice. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, it means "hope", which means to look at one's heels. However, this is not in tune with Laozi's thought, so it should be revised from silk script to "cook". But "cook" and "blow" are different, and should be revised to "blow" according to the modern meaning. Silk script A and B are both "cooks don't stand", but there is no "cook" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Or bragging, bragging, boasting and other "human" behaviors that are not true; Or people with ulterior motives who brag, flatter, flatter, and flatter. However, this chapter is an integral part of Laozi, which educates the rulers and all officials' remarks. Therefore, neither before nor after should be regarded as right, and only the middle "boasting, bragging, boasting and other behaviors of people who are not true to their words" can be emphasized. It is true that the latter is also a phenomenon that officials should put an end to. Otherwise, they will become people with ulterior motives who brag, pat, flatter and flatter.
Furthermore, the theme explained in this chapter is "Blowers don't stand up". Blowers don't stand up, which should not only be the principle for rulers to settle down. It must also be the criterion for employing people to perform official duties and serve the people! Therefore, Lao Tzu earnestly used the behaviors of "self-ignorance, self-ignorance, self-criticism and self-conceit" to teach repeatedly. Therefore, this chapter has a distinctive feature: its educational object is not limited to the ruler alone, but involves the whole "civil servants" who serve the people (all those who work for the country and those who perform official duties); Obviously, it has nothing to do with the people: what qualifications do people who live and live at the lowest level deserve to "brag"? Is there any reason why you can't exist as a member of the people?
"Redundant food lines" should be revised as "Redundant food lines". The reason is that Oracle Bone Inscriptions's words "clothes" and "lines" are very similar, and the text of Laozi has been circulated for a long time (about 776 BC-18 BC, nearly 6 years) and copied repeatedly, and it was copied from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to the "big seal" on bamboo slips. Then the characters of "Xiao Zhuan" copied from "Da Zhuan" on "Bamboo Slips" or "Qin Xie" (which may be copied many times); It's not easy to copy these two silk books in the early Han Dynasty through Xiao Zhuan, and such minor mistakes are inevitable. The reason why "redundant lines of food" can't be done is simple: this is a cynical language and a cynical discourse. What does "redundant lines" mean in human society, which means "disability" This just exposed his cynical character. However, what I faced was the ruler and the millions of people in Qian Qian. "Disabled people" are just a part of the millions of people in Qian Qian. Who has any reason to laugh at them? "Disabled people" themselves have been hurt by "innate nature". What qualifications do you have to hurt them again? Where is the "love" you should have? This is an extremely common common sense problem that can't stand any scrutiny: in fact, people are very conscious of giving "love" and giving care, love, funding and help to "disabled people". Therefore, "surplus food and redundant clothes" should be regarded as "surplus food and redundant clothes". In addition, we haven't figured out what "surplus food" means. This chapter is to expose the disgusting behavior of "leftover food".
Notes on words and sentences
Blowers don't stand up: Blowing, here only refers to the behavior of people who brag, brag and talk big; Further, of course, it also refers to the language of fooling and deceiving the people; Standing, the original meaning is standing, is a rule, making the upper end of the object upward, establishing, formulating, aspiring and legislating; Here, Lao Tzu focuses on the establishment of the rulers, asking the rulers to behave themselves and do practical things for the people according to the established goal of "ensuring and safeguarding the people's gains"; A boastful and untrue ruler cannot stand. If he is not a tyrant, he must be a mediocre king or a bad king. Because if he can't stand, he will only harm the people! Obviously, those who perform official duties for the people also have a "standing" problem: can he deceive and deceive the people without boasting, bragging, boasting and telling lies? Can he degenerate into a person with ulterior motives without boasting, patting, flattering, and flattering? Therefore, the understanding of "the boaster does not stand" has obvious effect, and there must be the just and exemplary behavior of the ruler who "keeps his word" and keeps his word, which is often said by later generations!
self-perception is unknown: self-perception, self-expression, no in-depth, no investigation, and even no listening to other people's opinions; Ming, clearly understand, clearly understand the rights and wrongs (obviously foreshadowing, containing the "rights and wrongs" of the next chapter); Self-awareness is unknown, and the self-expression of the ruler will lead to confusion of right and wrong and endanger the people. < P > Self-awareness is not good: self-righteousness; Zhang, obvious, remarkable, obvious and clear; If the ruler is self-righteous, he will not be able to publicize the good and avoid the evil, and he will not know the right and wrong, and he will poison the people in a confused way. Obviously, this sentence is the refinement and deepening of the previous sentence.
The self-cutting person is useless: self-cutting, self-praising and showing off, is the goal that a typical "blower" wants to achieve; Merit, credit, effectiveness and things that show effectiveness, the word "merit" here obviously refers to doing practical things for the people; Those who cut themselves are useless, and the rulers' self-praise and ostentation can't do practical things for the people. This is another aspect of the "boaster".
Self-conceit is not long: self-esteem, self-esteem, arrogance and boasting; Long-term, long-term and long-term, doing something very well; Self-conceited rulers are short-lived, and they are arrogant. Not only can they not do well in the implementation of "guaranteeing and safeguarding the people's gains", but also their rule cannot last long. Obviously, this sentence is another aspect of "boasting" and does not do practical things for the people.
It is also in the Tao: They refer to the above contents (self-ignorance and self-lack) Be, exist, and indicate the scope; Tao, truth, the truth that everyone knows about "guaranteeing and safeguarding people's gains"; In the Tao, the above "self-ignorance, self-criticism, self-conceit is not long" is measured by the standard of truth known to all who "guarantee and protect the people's gains".
Yue: surplus food and redundant clothes: surplus, surplus, "odd jobs", some "jobs" or some. Obviously, for the word "leftover food", Lao Tzu focuses on the latter; Eat, eat, eat things; Surplus food, under normal circumstances, "food" is just a serious matter to fill people's stomachs, which is common knowledge; However, those insatiable people who spend a lot of money, squander their money, and are full of fat brains, in addition to their high spirits, they also drink too much, full to vomit and vomit; Who doesn't hate this vomited "food"? This is the real meaning of "leftover food"; Redundant, superfluous, useless; Clothes, people's clothes, or full to vomit and vomit; This vomited "food", who doesn't hate it, can also be used as a verb, such as the clothes of the upper class are light and fat, the clothes of the middle and lower class officials are embroidered by day, and the clothes rent and food tax of rulers and officials; In addition, from here, we can also see the meaning of "redundant clothes" or "self-packaging", "disguise" and "fraud", thus fooling and deceiving the people; Obviously, according to the meaning of these four words, "excess food and clothing" has been far away from the needs of the people. And it's not hard for everyone to know that it's the "surplus food and redundant clothes" that covers up the rulers and all officials' "ignorance, self-criticism, and lack of self-esteem", thus becoming the "boasters". So, obviously, this can't keep the "original position".
Things or evils: "food" vomited for alcoholism. Even cats and dogs ("things" in Lao Tzu's text mostly refer to living objects) will stay away in disgust and fear, let alone people "know" these things?
therefore, those who have desires will live in prosperity: therefore, therefore; Those who have desires have legitimate desires, which refer to people (all officials) who work for the people according to reason and pursue positive progress; Fuju, you can't do this; Therefore, those who have desires will live in prosperity, as long as they really act in accordance with the principle of "guaranteeing and safeguarding people's livelihood", they should not have the above-mentioned behaviors, and they will never do so.
Translation
Boasting, boasting, breaking promises and other behaviors that are not true to people cannot be regarded as a ruler, because they have the following four manifestations:
Self-expression of rulers. The ruler's self-belief is the only reason that leads to the confusion of right and wrong and confusedly poisons the people's suffering; The ruler's self-praise and ostentation is the root of the disaster of not doing practical things for the people; The self-esteem of the ruler, he not only can't do well in the implementation of "guarantee and guarantee the people's gains", but also his rule can't last long, and he will be despised by history and eliminated by the people!
These four behaviors will be like "extra food" vomited from fullness and "redundant clothes" after "self-packaging", "fraud" and "camouflage". Even cats and dogs will be disgusted and afraid to stay away.
Therefore, people who have legitimate desires, work for the people according to reason and pursue positive progress are really people.
this is also from the internet.