As early as the beginning of his business, Cao Cao attached great importance to recruiting talents; After the establishment of Xuchang, the capital, many times in the name of the imperial court issued a "order for seeking talents" to recruit wise men, trying to gather all the talents scattered among the people.
On the criteria of selecting talents, Cao Cao, with his unique boldness of vision as a politician, contradicts the traditional criteria of selecting people by their doors and fame, and advocates that "it is the best choice". The famous "August Order" clearly stated that talents who are "humiliating, laughing, or heartless and have the skill of governing the country and using soldiers" should be employed, which is a fierce impact on the traditional personnel system whose only criterion is family status. Even Sima Guang, a conservative politician in the Song Dynasty, gave a positive evaluation of Cao Cao's selection criteria of "knowing people and being good at their duties, being neither humble nor supercilious, and being able to serve us".
There are talents in Luo Zhi, and there is a question of how to appoint them. At this point, Cao Cao also has a unique feature, which is Zhao Yi of A Qing Dynasty. As for the specific practice, Zhao Yiyou has a wonderful exposition:
When Gai Cao Cao just made his debut, he wanted to use all his strength to achieve something, so he traveled all over the world. Yangfu's so-called tso can use people beyond his means. And even the pack, the potential is set, Kong Rong, Xu You, Lou Gui, etc. , are killed with suspicion; Yu Xun, known as Cao's mastermind, was also threatened with death for resisting Jiu Xi. Even Yang was rewarded by Cao Cao, because he was killed than Chen Ho. Cui Yansu, who trusted Cao, also killed him with suspicion; Then I knew the nature of the male guess, which has long been exposed. The previous employment was specially revised for a temporary purpose. The so-called political skills are also useful. (Notes on Twenty-two Histories)
At the beginning of his business, when Cao Cao needed talents to help him conquer the world, he could be modest and treat useful talents like Liu Bei and Sun Quan. Cao Cao's kindness to Liu Bei and Guan Yu is well known. In fact, he gave preferential treatment to important counselors far above Liu and Guan Yu, so most of them could get the power of the people.
What is particularly rare is that Cao spent more than he could make ends meet at the beginning of his business, that is, he was able to let bygones be bygones, even enemies, showing the broad mind and tolerance of a politician.
For example, after the battle of Guandu, I found many letters of secret correspondence between "military people" and Yuan Shao. Someone proposed to find out and then put it away and kill it. Cao Cao said, "Shao is strong, and loneliness cannot protect himself." What about others? " (ditto), so life "burn".
Another example is Chen Lin, once a subordinate of Yuan Shao, who drafted Cao's denunciation for him and scolded Cao Zu for three generations. However, after joining Cao Cao, he was still reused and was not retaliated.
Another example is Zhang Xiu, who bears a grudge against Cao Cao because he killed his son. But after Zhang Xiu defected, Cao Cao let bygones be bygones, still worshipped him as General Yang Wu, and married his children in-laws. In the battle of Guandu, Zhang Xiu was a happener. After defeating Yuan Tan, Cao Cao rewarded his merits and added 2,000 households to the city. Other "generals don't have a complete family". (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Zhang Xiu)
Cao Cao's kindness, friendliness, comity and generosity to talents directly serve his political goals. His purpose is clear, to win people's hearts and let talents work for him. Once this goal cannot be achieved, or people who used to rely on it are disloyal to it, it will be ruthlessly cut off.
The experience of Yu Xun, the chief figure of Cao Cao's think tank, is very telling. After "abandoning salt and following Cao Cao", he gave Cao Cao great political support. Cao Cao also hit it off with him and even praised him as "my ovary". However, Yu Xun was educated in Confucian etiquette from an early age. After all, he is a scholar. The reason why he advised Cao Cao was that he hoped that Cao Cao could "cut everyone into a scholar", so when he saw that Cao Cao was in a rising position of power and wanted to increase the country's interests and nine Xi, he had a serious political disagreement with Cao Cao. He knew that Cao Cao was rebellious but refused to go along with it, which became a stumbling block to Cao Cao's personal ambition, so he was jealous. Regarding the ending of Yu Xun, some people say that it was poisoned by Cao Cao's medicated wine, while others say that it was coerced to commit suicide. Anyway, it didn't end well.
Like this, Yu Xun was not the only one who was treated with courtesy before being killed. Many people made contributions to Cao Cao's reunification in his early years, but later he had to retire in order to protect himself. Cheng Yu, an important counselor of Cao Cao, voluntarily surrendered the military power and begged for retirement on the grounds of "knowing enough and not humiliating"; Jia Xu, on the other hand, "pretends to be a non-Taizu old minister, but has a long-term plan, fearing suspicion, staying behind closed doors, abstaining from selfless friendship, marrying men and women, and not setting high doors." He Kui saw that "Mao's nature is strict, and because officials often add sticks", he "often poisons livestock and swears to death." These historical facts show that under Cao Cao's high-handed policy in his later period, his ministers were in a dilemma and uneasy psychological state.
Therefore, compared with Cao Cao's attitude of both appointing and doubting talents, he actually pursues a pragmatic policy on the issue of talents. In order to establish the cause of unifying the world in Wang Ba, he paid attention to and treated talents, showing his great talent and tolerance for talents. However, in order to maintain the absolute authority of the individual, he also doubts and stifles talents in vain, which shows the other side of his treachery on the issue of talents.
The story that can explain Cao Cao's treachery is called that Cao Cao killed Lv Boshe. This is a very meaningful story in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The story says that Cao Cao and Chen Gong passed by the home of Lv Boshe, the sworn brother of Cao Cao's father, and were warmly received by Lv Boshe. Because there was no good wine at home, Lv Boshe went out to sell wine. As a result, Cao Cao became suspicious and went to the thatched cottage to observe the movement, but he was bombarded with "What should I do if I tie it up and kill it?" Cao Cao broke into a cold sweat and said, "Yes! If you don't start first, you will be caught. " Then, without further ado, Chen Gong drew his sword and killed eight people in Lujia. When he saw a pig tied in the kitchen, he knew that he had wronged a good man. He simply killed Lv Boshe, who bought wine, and said a treacherous famous saying, "I would rather teach me to be negative to the whole world than to teach the whole world to be negative to me."
Who embodies Cao Cao's "treachery"? First of all, it shows that Cao Cao's treachery is not mentioned in the annals of the Three Kingdoms.
However, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms showed his treachery!
Cao Cao's treachery can't be reflected by anyone!
1 Xu Shao of Runan commented that Cao Cao was a "capable minister who managed the world and a traitor in troubled times".
Cao Cao killed the Boshe family who helped him escape by mistake, leaving a sentence: "I would rather teach the world to be negative than the world to be negative to me"!
Yang Xiu was beheaded for chicken ribs, which also showed Cao Cao's treachery!
4 Liu Bei's faithfulness sets off Cao Cao's treachery (said upstairs)
When Xu You abandoned Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao's treachery was exposed on the question of whether the army had food and grass!
The most important thing in Cao Cao's strategy is cheating, that is, treachery, even his subordinates will not know what he wants!
That's probably it!
An example of Cao Cao's treachery is that Cao Cao doesn't like reading, and his uncle doesn't like Cao Cao, so he often complains to his father. One day, Cao Cao saw his uncle coming face to face, deliberately lying on the ground, and there were many strange images. When he saw this scene, his uncle went to see his father and said that Cao Yunyun was busy coming to see him. As a result, nothing happened, so his father asked what was going on. Cao said: Because his uncle didn't like it, he complained on purpose. From then on.
What other examples show that Cao Cao is a lean man with a son of heaven and a vassal?
I would rather teach me to be negative than let the world be negative.
Struggle for national reunification for life.
From which examples can we see Cao Cao's treacherous character? Cao Cao.
An artistic image with profound and extensive generalization combines a talented hero and a treacherous and cruel adulterer.
Cao Cao pretended to be crazy, falsely accused his uncle, abandoned his robe and cut his beard, wiped Han Sui in the library, looked at Mei to quench his thirst, borrowed his head to appease the public, killed people in his dreams, cut off his hair for the first time, begged for food, burned books, tortured him, but everywhere he said that he was loyal to the king and had false suspicions.
Traits are treacherous, suspicious, selfish and cold, wily, alert and brilliant. Through the description of his killing of the whole family, Xun, Bian Rang, Huan Shao and Xuzhou, he shows his cruel, quick success, heartless and vengeful personality. In a word, Cao Cao's alertness, viciousness and cunning are outstanding; Its elegance and heroism are also beyond people's reach, such as writing poems and cooking wine on heroes; He didn't kill Chen Lin, but loved talent, and didn't pursue Guan Yu wholeheartedly, showing the bearing of a politician. As Fei Ming said: Liu Xian is a traitor, but he is not a hero. Sun Bofu is a traitor. The only one who has both is Cao Cao.
First, Cao Cao's treachery.
(1) As a teenager, Cao Cao had already shown such cunning and treacherous characters as "playing the fool and falsely accusing his uncle".
When Cao Cao was young, he liked flying eagles and running dogs and playing with guns. His uncle thinks he has nothing to do, so he often speaks ill of him in front of his father Cao Song. Cao Cao was taught a lot by his father. Once Cao Cao met his uncle on the road and pretended to be crazy. His father came and he returned to normal. When his father asked him, he pretended to be wronged and said that his uncle spoke ill of him behind his back because he didn't like him. From then on, Cao Song no longer listened to his brother. Obviously, Cao Cao lost the credibility of his opponent through similar "planting and framing" practices, thus making the situation change in his favor, which is obviously full of tricks. As a result, Cao Cao's treachery began to appear.
(2) Cao Cao's cunning and treacherous character is also revealed from time to time in military struggles, such as "abandoning robes and cutting beards".
Cao Cao was once cheated by Lu Bu's counselor Chen Gong and rushed into Puyang City. Recognized by Lu Bu, he abandoned his robe and cut his beard and fled. Then there was a fire, and my arms and hair were burned. When they returned to the stockade, the generals greeted each other and Cao Cao smiled on his back. "If I fall into a man's trap by mistake, I will report it!" So he played along, lied and got hurt, and went back to the village to die, and the whole army mourned. Lyu3 bu4, immediately ordered the army to kill Cao Ying. As a result, he was ambushed "Lu Bu died in battle and lost many people." He was badly injured and finally had to be unbeaten in Puyang, so he couldn't keep going. Since ancient times, military strategists have praised surprise attacks. First, Cao Cao was ambushed by Lu Bu and was at a disadvantage. However, he played along and lied that he was injured and died, which made Lu Bu fall into the trap again, from passive to active, and finally turned defeat into victory. This incident is enough to reflect Cao Cao's alert, cunning and treacherous character.
Another example is his Han Sui in the Library. In the contest around Tongguan, Cao Cao was surrounded by Ma Chao several times and said, "I have no place to die until the horse dies!" " "(1) Later, he adopted the double agent provided by Jia Xian. He chatted with Ma Chao's uncle Han Sui before the battle. He also blurred the letters written to Han Sui and deliberately sent more people to the Han Sui camp; Finally, Cao Hong was sent to the front to send a message to Han Sui: "If the Prime Minister comes to Italy at night, he can't be wrong. "As a result, Mahan turned against each other and killed each other, and the two hundred thousand troops of Xiliang fell apart. The implementation of Cao Cao's deviant plan mainly went through three steps: the first step, through his memories with Han Sui, Ma Chao was suspicious and Han Sui could not explain clearly; The second step is to alter the letter by himself, which makes Ma Chao suspicious and Han Sui difficult to argue. In the third step, Cao Xing threw a few words, which finally provoked Ma Chao to fly into a rage and raised his gun to use force, deepening the rift between Ma and Han. Three steps, one is a new trick, the other is a deadly trick, and it is done in a watertight way, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false, which fully shows Cao Cao's treachery and wisdom.
Another example: "Looking at plums to quench thirst". Once Cao Cao led his troops to March, and the soil was thirsty. He had planned to say that there was a piece of merlin not far ahead, and the plum was sour and sweet. As long as he goes to pick plums to eat, he won't be thirsty. When the soldiers heard that there were plums, their mouths watered, so they were not thirsty. Thinking of this plan in a hurry is enough to reflect Cao Cao's treacherous and intelligent character.
(3) Cao Cao's treacherous personality traits are also revealed from time to time in daily life, such as his "swindling and cheating".
On one occasion, Cao Cao led170,000 troops to fight in Yuan Shu. After a long stalemate, he could not win, nor could he get food support. He was afraid that if the soldiers knew that there was no food, the situation would be difficult to control. First of all, he instructed the grain supervisor Wang to stir the grain with his little hoof. The sergeant was resentful. Cao Cao refused to let the king speak, ordered the hatchet man to push him out of the account, beheaded him on the spot, and announced: "Wang stole official grain with his little hoof and is willing to obey the military law." When the officers and men of the whole army saw the notice and the chief, they believed it, and their grievances were dispelled. Cao Cao took the opportunity to inspire the soldiers, cooked a good meal and ordered an all-out general attack on the enemy. After a bloody battle, we defeated the enemy and seized the enemy's food and grass. A crisis was thus spent.
In order to deal with the problem of lack of food, Cao Cao first decided to arouse people's resentment with small welcoming guests and scattered food. Earn the sympathy of most soldiers by deliberately hurting personal interests, and let them psychologically think that Cao Cao really has the difficulty of lack of food. Therefore, through this plan, the soldiers' resentment against Cao Cao because of the tiger's scattered food was transformed into personal resentment against the king, which diverted the soldiers' attention and achieved the purpose of calming the people's grievances. This shows that Cao Cao is treacherous and vicious.
Another example is his Dream Kill.
Cao Cao is afraid that someone will plot against him behind his back. He often says to the left and right, "I like killing people in my dreams. If I fall asleep, don't go near. " And look for opportunities to use servants as targets for "live-fire exercises." Everyone thinks that the man Cao killed in his dream. Only Yang Xiu knows what this means: "The Prime Minister doesn't listen in his dream, but you listen in his dream!" Because Cao Cao is suspicious by nature, he is always afraid that someone will secretly murder himself. In order to nip in the bud, he actually played with his attendants as props, and the life of the base guard was like dust. This incident fully exposed the treacherous, suspicious, selfish and cold nature of Cao Cao's character.
Cao Cao is suspicious, treacherous and alert, such as "asking for food by Xu You". "... when Cao Cao took off his clothes and rested, he heard that Xu You had eloped to the village, and he was very happy. He might as well put on his shoes and staggered out. Seeing Xu You from a distance, he clapped his hands and laughed, holding hands, "kneeling down to the ground first" and humbly asked for advice. But when Xu You asked about the army's food and grass, he first said "it can last for one year", then said "it can last for half a year" and "it can last for three months". At this point, Xu You couldn't help but say, "Everyone in the world says that Meng De is a traitor, and today it really is." Cao Cao also smiled and said, "haven't you heard that all is fair in war?" Then he attached it to Xu You's ear and continued to lie to him, saying, "The army stopped food this month. Xu You said loudly, "Don't hide it from me, the food has been finished!" " ! "It's a book written by Cao Cao and Xun A for everyone to see:" Who wrote this book? "... Cao Zhi.
Here, Cao Cao heard that an old friend came to wear shoes, ran barefoot out of the bedroom to meet Xu You, bowed down to the ground regardless of the identity of the prime minister, and took Xu You to ask him for food and grass in the army, but he lied to the old friend again and again until the other party showed his cards. This shows his treachery and suspicion, but doesn't it show his vigilance? Is it true that only people from enemy camps can tell their military secrets without reservation as soon as they meet? ②
(4) treacherous and treacherous Cao Cao is also a generous politician, for example, he "cut his hair as a pledge".
Cao Cao once ordered all the troops: "Anyone who crosses the wheat field and tramples on it will be beheaded." None of the officers and men disobeyed orders, only Cao Cao, who ordered it, was frightened by the sudden birds and ran to the wheat field to destroy a large area of wheat. Of course, he can't be from country B, and his men repeatedly advised him. Finally, he drew his sword, cut off his hair and gave it to the master book, and sent it to the barracks for public display: "The Prime Minister should have cut the wheat, but now he has cut his hair." So the whole army was horrified, and no one dared to neglect military orders and discipline.
People in troubled times can be said to be the most impetuous and unpredictable, and they will be very casual and impulsive. Therefore, if a person leads a group of people in troubled times, if he can't strengthen his cultivation from his own point of view, the support of others will be greatly reduced. In Cao Cao's military camp, the rule of law has always been emphasized. When he broke the law himself, it was a severe challenge, and his behavior of "cutting his hair instead of cutting his head" made his subordinates deeply afraid. In feudal society, people thought that the body was given by parents, and it was unfilial to harm the body. So cutting hair is listed as punishment. When feudal rulers preached that "punishment is not enough for medical treatment" and "punishment is not enough for respect", Cao Cao rarely showed that he was not outside the law. On the one hand, this shows his treachery, and at the same time, it shows his generosity as a politician. ③
(4) As a generation of adulterers, Cao Cao's treachery is often closely related to his talent. For example, he said, "Don't burn books."
After the victory of the battle of Guandu, subordinates collected letters written by some people in this camp to Yuan Shao and asked Cao Cao how to deal with them. Cao Cao burned the letter without reading it. He said, "During the war, I lost confidence myself, let alone others." "If you accept Shao Shu, you have to make a promise and burn it with the people in the army." The fire of Cao Cao has shaken the hearts of many people and burned their loyalty to him. Imagine: If Cao Cao really said, "Look up the names one by one, collect them and kill them", I'm afraid he only killed one or two or none, and all these people were forced into the enemy camp and turned to commit suicide. This fully shows Cao Cao's treacherous nature, but it also shows his great talent.
While serving Tian Zi as a vassal, Cao Cao tortured the emperor with kingly ways, but he was loyal to the monarch everywhere. He constantly weakened Liu's status as a vassal, constantly provoked and executed people around him and those who supported Han, making him a real loner and a prisoner who could never be sentenced. He has gone too far, not only losing the respect of being a man and a minister, but also losing the way of being a man. But he never wanted to have a bad reputation, and dressed himself up as a loyal servant everywhere. This is also a major feature of Cao Cao as a great traitor.
In addition, as Sun Quan said, "It is my wish to stay on the fire and get evil!" (4) Resolutely refusing to be proclaimed emperor and his 72-year-old fake tomb. , all show his treachery, paranoia and hypocrisy.
In some cases, we can see the cruel and treacherous character of Cao Cao, which is enough to show that Cao Cao is both cruel and treacherous: Cao Cao's eastward expedition to Yuan Shu, lack of grain and grass, and unstable air force of Cao Cao made this grain official compete for grain, causing public anger. Cao Cao took the opportunity to kill this man as a scapegoat to comfort the morale of the army.
What deeds of Li Kui jy can reflect his shortcomings? The white stripes in the black whirlwind saw that he had no calculation, cut down the apricot yellow flag to see that he was reckless, killed all Hu Jiazhuang and looked down upon him as a murderer, and drank poisonous wine to see that he was blind and loyal with Song Jiang's mind.
Cao Cao's treacherous deeds do not exceed 50 words. When Cao Cao was a child, he was naughty and made his uncle gnash his teeth. His father is a high-ranking official, and he is lax in his son's management, so he let his younger brother monitor him. Unexpectedly, Cao Cao actually made a bad trick and let his uncle fall for it. One day, my uncle saw Cao Cao convulsing all over, foaming at the mouth and his heart racing. My uncle quickly thought of Cao Cao's father Cao Song for help. Unexpectedly, Cao Song thought that Cao Cao danced well and well. This made Cao Song very unhappy, so the brothers turned against each other. Everyone thinks of you. Cao Cao was so bad in the womb that even his uncle dared to cheat. You are a cruel boy. On the rivers and lakes; This is Cao Cao, who has never done anything for himself, no matter who you are.
What stories can reflect the wisdom of Cao Cao? Find plums to quench your thirst.
Wei Wu lost his way in the battle and the army was thirsty. So he said, "There is a big Meilin who spared his son, so he can quench his thirst through ups and downs." When the foot soldiers smell it, they can get the source with their mouths full of water. Shi Shuo Xin Yu fake money
On the way to March, Cao Cao got lost in the water, and the soldiers were very thirsty, so he ordered: "There is a piece of Merlin in front, which is rich in fruit, sour and sweet, and can quench their thirst." Hearing this, the soldiers all shed saliva in their mouths. Taking this opportunity, they led the soldiers to the place where there was water ahead.
I hope it helps you.