American writer ernest hemingway is one of the most distinctive artists in the world. In more than forty years' creation, while absorbing realism and romanticism, he has formed his own unique creative style, which is unique in the world literary world and enjoys a high reputation, and has been widely and unanimously valued by readers and critics all over the world. The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's masterpiece in his later period, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his narrative skills. The author himself once described his unique novel style as follows: "The reason why icebergs move in the sea is solemn and magnificent is that only one-eighth of them are above the water." In just 50 or 60 pages of works, the author creatively uses extremely clever animals and concise techniques to create plump and real characters with sincere and touching feelings, dignified and peaceful tone and extraordinary structure. The whole novel is shrouded in a tragic atmosphere. The spirit embodied in the novel-'a person is not born to be defeated, you can try your best to destroy him, but you can't defeat him'-and the artistic value of the novel is thought-provoking and charming. This paper attempts to explore the structure, language, tragedy and epic of the novel from the aesthetic point of view. First, the structure of The Story of the Old Man and the Sea is not complicated. It describes the story of an old fisherman fishing alone in the Gulf Stream, chasing a marlin, winning and then losing. Through monologues and descriptions of the protagonist's psychological activities, the author vividly presents the tortuous story of the old fisherman to readers. The work highlights the unpretentious structure and breaks through the traditional structural framework with emotional ups and downs as the main line. In the plot structure of For Whom the Bell Tolls, Zheng Xiaoping accurately pointed out that the plot structure of For Whom the Bell Tolls is characterized by "real life scattered under letters and notes" and "emotion, a clue that runs through the stream of life". Here, let's use this theory to appreciate the real life under the letters and notes in The Old Man and the Sea. Anyone who has read the works of Hamming City will realize that Hemingway's novels always record the fragments of life truthfully. What we can see in our works are mostly pictures of life, which are true, clear and infectious. In The Old Man and the Sea, the writer describes the life of Santiago, an old fisherman, before and after he went to sea. "Before dawn, he personally delivered his fish food and let the boat go with the flow. A fish food was sent to the depth of forty fathoms. The second fish food was sent to a depth of 75 fathoms. The third and fourth fish food were sent to the sea below the surface 100 fathom and 125 fathom respectively. Every fish food is a small fish upside down ... the protruding part of the hook forms a half-ring. No matter which part of the hook can be touched by big fish, it is delicious and quite tasty. " This is the main plot of old people fishing, just like telling people how to fish. The general works are somewhat casual and appear loose. Every action and plot of the old man is the same as what really happened in life. The writer's pen acts as a "camera or tape recorder". Another feature of For Whom the Bell Tolls is that the plot structure has no ending. There is no cause and effect at the beginning of "The Old Man and the Sea", and it is introduced that "he is an old man, fishing alone in a boat in the Gulfstream. He has been there for 84 days, but he hasn't caught a fish. " The beginning of the story is very casual and natural, without introducing the first half of the old man and describing the people around him, and without seeing the structural pattern of the occurrence, development, climax and ending of the plot in the traditional novel, and without contradictions and conflicts between the characters, the novel naturally began to be written on his unlucky 84th day, and after a hard and thrilling struggle, it naturally ended after he fell asleep. This is the ending, not the ending, but the deep hiding. # In the novel "Clues Running through the Stream of Life-Emotion", the main clue of the story is not so much the story of the old man fighting with big fish and pot fish, but rather the emotion that people convey to readers while struggling. From the beginning of the story, people were caught by the unlucky mood of the old man and felt sorry for the unlucky old man unconsciously. In the process of the old man chasing marlin, the writer tells the story of the old man driving a boat, releasing a fishing line, collecting a fishing line and eating raw fish. The writing looks so straightforward, without a trace of discussion, but the reader walks into the picture with the old man's every move and monologue, and the injured and bleeding hand mentioned many times makes the reader's heart tense and ache. The prominence of emotion in the works not only shows invisible structural clues, but also shows the structural objectives and contents of the works and the description of characters, which occurs for emotion and ends for emotion, thus achieving the aesthetic goal of the structure "to convey a specific emotion rising from a specific social environment-this is a conscious force full of resonance and artistic refinement, so there is no complete central story in the structure of the works." . Second, the language palace aesthetics of the novel is the art of language, and it can become a concrete work with the help of language expression. Hemingway is one of the most distinctive language masters in the world, and his outstanding impression is that the characters' language is distinct, which can fully reflect the firm, resolute and indomitable personality of the public? The description language is concise, true and profound, and the deliberate repetition gives people inspiration. His "iceberg principle" left readers endless reverie and deep thought, which made people think endlessly about the personalization of characters' language, with the emphasis on inner monologues. In The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway tried to express the image of a real old fisherman, so in his language, the writer made Santiago have a strong and brave personality through short and powerful words. % days ready to go to sea,' his hope and confidence have never disappeared, and now it is as brand-new as when the breeze first started'. This does not mean that the old man is a blindly optimistic person. He had this preparation in mind, "I am lucky, of course, but I would rather arrange everything in order so that when luck comes, you will be prepared." In the competition between the old man and marlin and potted fish, he said many times,' Even so, he shouted at his fish and the vast sea,' but people were not born to be defeated. You can destroy him at will, but you can't beat him. "From these brief confessions, readers can deeply realize that he is the embodiment of strength and courage. Is this the author's view of the human spirit? It is indestructible and directly embodies the fundamental guarantee for mankind to achieve a better future. # Description language has the characteristics of conciseness, animal bearing, profound symbolic meaning and intriguing philosophy of life. The use of symbolism in For Whom the Bell Tolls was once denied by the writer himself as having no symbolic significance. The sea is the sea. Old people are old people. Children are children, fish are fish ... what people say about symbolism is nonsense. But almost everyone will find a lot of symbolism and symbolism in his works, and his "iceberg" and "principle" are also recognized by critics as the implicit and symbolic signs of his writing skills. In The Old Man and the Sea, the author created a tough guy with unrealistic and meticulous brushwork, although he finally failed in the irresistible force of nature. This novel is a symbol of infiltration. This symbol often runs through the works in the form of kink and reappearance. It is like a light chain shining with thoughts and philosophies, which embodies the theme and aesthetic value of the work. The greatness and greatness of marlin are repeatedly mentioned in his works, emphasizing its length, width, strength and beauty, so as to show the majesty and magnificence of nature? The old man repeatedly mentioned the lion-a symbol of courage and invincibility. Through the contrast between the two, the noble and great soul of the old man is far greater than the character. The sea symbolizes eternal and endless life, the big fish symbolizes the power of life, and the basin fish symbolizes the tragic factor that cannot be shaken off. In addition, Hemingway's symbolism is also characterized by fuzziness, and people always make different symbolic explanations in his novels. In The Old Man and the Sea, different scholars analyzed the themes of "defeatism" and "humanitarianism". From another point of view, the work makes the symbolic idea have a multi-angle, multi-level and double-level interwoven artistic effect, which also makes it different from other writers' works (the reuse of language is in this section, so let's appreciate the reuse of two sentences in the work. The author's preference for lions in his novels is obvious to all. Dream of the lion, an old man, was mentioned four times. The first time, the old man was lying in bed before going out to sea. dream of the lion? The second time, he asked himself, "Why is the lion the most important thing in my mind?" The third time, he dreamed of the lion on the boat? The last time was at the end of the novel. The writer's repeated emphasis on the lion injected a profound theme into the novel. The lion is a symbol of strength. The repeated emphasis on it sets off Santiago's longing for the power basin and the recurrence of another sentence in the spiritual novel, which is in danger of darkness and bad luck and has aroused strong resonance between readers and protagonists, that is, "If only the children were here?" This sentence appeared+times in a short novella. The screenwriter specially arranged the old man's solo fishing, which made the work a little more sad. Third, the tragic beauty of the novel The Old Man and the Sea was published in+! # In, just after World War II, Hemingway lived in Cuba and wrote this novel. The war makes the writer's confused psychological quality develop into a basic personality characteristic, which also directly affects the pessimistic style and content of his works. However, the writer did not stop at the simple description of tragedy, but injected great vitality into the pessimistic theme. Although the tragic image he created has a rough fate, it gives people a perfect outlook on life and appeal, so his works show the artistic style of tragic beauty. The contrast of tragic atmosphere in the novel is the concrete embodiment of tragic beauty in the novel. From the beginning of the story, readers clearly understand that Santiago, the hero of the novel, is a sad old man with tragedy. In the description of the whole story, the old man's perseverance and tenacity are reflected through his days and nights at sea. However, it was a hard battle, and he finally got a huge white skeleton. The meticulous description of the spirit of the old man reflects the sadness and injustice of the old man's ending. The description of the old man's appearance is also very distinctive. "The old man has deep wrinkles on his back neck and looks thin and haggard ... except for his eyes, his body looks very old. Those eyes, as blue as the sea, are happy but not depressed. " The old man is attached to the sea, but fate mercilessly makes him face failure-the failure given by his beloved sea? The strong contrast technique achieves the aesthetic effect and casts a desolate shadow on the reader's mind. The tragic beauty of # works is also reflected in the author's unique understanding and successful shaping of tragic characters. "Life is a lonely struggle, and the work clearly shows the author's ideas. The vast, deep, fierce and mysterious sea is in sharp contrast with the weak and lonely boats and old people, and the clever arrangement and combination form a lonely image. The author has a good understanding of Santiago's tragic psychology. Throughout the novel, the old man mentioned "I was defeated" four times. 0/ 12/? /3 "or". ? 0/2.4/ concentrated /5? 3/ Spoon and in his famous saying, "Man is not born to be defeated, you can destroy him if you can, but you can't beat him"? 8! 95? 3 2:/; 9 & lt/:/; ? 2 = 825> ratio:/? & lt90 >； :7 1? 95? :/; 2//:? " ? , the word "failure" is "/:/2; ,? Beat, beat? "Not" plus 2? ",keep playing? This not only reflects the rigor and accuracy of the writer's wording, but also shows us the writer's understanding of the unfortunate old man and admits his spiritual victory, although the old man said, "I am exhausted by them." "The prominence and deepening of this idea in the works make the whole work have unique artistic value and charm, thus successfully shaping another tough guy image in the writer's works. Fourth, the epic beauty of the novel After the publication of The Old Man and the Sea, critic bernard berenson once commented on it, "The old man and the sea are an idyllic poem, and the sea is the sea, not Byron, not Melville, like Homer's handwriting? The writing style is calm and gripping, as well as Homer's poem Kiss. Hemingway's writing principle is to truly express his real life in The Old Man and the Sea, and he describes an ordinary fisherman. However, the writer did not stop at describing real life, but the whole novel endowed the protagonist with an "epic tenacious will and fighting spirit", making him an epic image in people's minds, comparable to Homer's hero. At the same time, the writer's calm narrative style also makes the work have epic significance, which makes readers read far-reaching and profound meanings in plain words. In short, no matter from the theme to the content, we can regard the work as the condensation of a long epic to appreciate and perceive. In a word, The Old Man and the Sea is a treasure of the world literary world both ideologically and artistically. It touches people living at all levels, in all times and in all countries, and inspires people's efforts and courage. At the same time, it was infected by the desolation and tragic in the works, leaving a long aftertaste.