1. Famous quotes about development and evolution
①Species are variable, and species are groups composed of mutated individuals.
② There are a series of levels (ladders) from simple to complex in natural creatures. There is an inherent "power of will" in the creatures themselves that drives the creatures from lower levels to higher ones. Level development changes. ③ Organisms have great adaptability to the environment; changes in the environment will cause changes in organisms, and organisms will improve their adaptation; environmental diversity is the fundamental cause of biological diversity.
④ Changes in the environment will cause changes in animal habits. Changes in habits will cause some organs to develop due to regular use, while other organs will degenerate due to non-use; directional variation that occurs under the influence of the environment, That is, acquired traits can be inherited. If the environment changes in a certain direction, small mutations will gradually accumulate due to the use and disuse of organs and acquired inheritance, and eventually organisms will evolve.
The inner will in Lamarck’s theory is of idealism; acquired traits mostly belong to phenotypic variation, and modern genetics has proven that it cannot be inherited. 2. Famous quotes about development and evolution
Any behavior that is not intended for the collective benefit is suicidal and harmful to society.
—— Makarenko Just as the branches and the trunk are connected together, the branches that break away from the trunk will soon die. —— Oneg The most beautiful things in our world are created by labor and the clever hands of people.
—— Gorky Only human labor is sacred. —— Gorky It is noon on the day of hoeing, and the sweat is dripping from the soil.
Who knew that every meal on the plate is hard work! ——Li Shen I think the best way to find happiness in life is to respect labor. All happiness can be obtained through labor, and all suffering can be relieved by labor.
—— Li Dazhao Labor is the source of all knowledge. ——Tao Zhu All existing good things are the fruits of creation.
—— Mill The most important thing in human life is labor training. It is impossible to have a normal human life without labor.
—— Rousseau Labor is an inevitable obligation for everyone in society. —— Rousseau The perfect new man should be cultivated in and for labor.
—— Owen Physical labor is the great disinfectant against all social viruses. ——Marx Labor is the incomparable source of all power, all morality and all happiness.
——La Jornaignori Labor is the father of wealth, and land is the mother of wealth. ——William Petty Everything always starts from nothing; it is created by two hands and a clever mind.
—— Sonsunegi I know what labor is: labor is the source of all joy and all good things in the world. —— Gorky To work, to be diligent: work is the most reliable wealth.
—— La Fontaine Since thought exists in labor, people must rely on labor to survive. ——Suhomlinsky On the basis of attaching importance to labor and respecting workers, it is possible for us to create our own new morality.
——Labor and science are the two greatest forces in the world. —— Gorky Labor is always the basis of human life and the basis of creating happiness of human culture.
—— Makarenko Love labor. There is no force that can make people become great and smart like labor, the power of collective, fraternal and free labor.
—— Gorky I only believe in one thing: inspiration is generated during labor. . . . Labor is the best doctor of all insensibilities.
—— Ostrovsky Labor is the basis and means of human existence, and the source of a person's physical, intellectual and moral perfection. —— Ushinsky If you can successfully choose labor and pour all your spirit into it, then happiness itself will find you.
- Ushinsky Laziness - it is a special style of attitude towards labor. It is characterized by difficulty getting involved in work and ease of leaving work.
—— Deplitskaya Life is about hard work, what will you get if you don’t ask for it? ——Zhang Heng It is better to retreat and build a net than to envy the fish in Linyuan. ——Ban Gu’s words of “once and for all” are available, but there are very few “once and for all” things... ——Lu Xun’s establishment of the socialist system has opened up a way for us to reach the ideal state, and the realization of the ideal state requires more Rely on our hard work.
—— Mao Zedong Knowledge comes from hard work, and any achievement is the result of hard work. —— Soong Ching Ling To cultivate ability, you must continue to do it, and you must improve your learning methods and improve learning efficiency at any time, in order to succeed.
—— Ye Shengtao When I do things, I don’t just do them when others ask me to do them, but I do them even when others don’t ask me to do them. In this way, it will be interesting and rewarding.
—— Xie Juezai From now on, I will no longer look up at the blue sky or look down at the white water. I will only watch my steps carefully. I will not step on the soil and leave deep footprints! —— Zhu Ziqing We should remember that our career requires hands, not mouths. ——Tong Dizhou Always have confidence in everything and always think about "doing it".
If you want to do something and worry about it first: "Are you afraid that you can't do it?" then you won't have the courage. —— Gai Jingtian People who do everything by talking without doing anything are hypocritical and hypocritical.
- Democritus Science is at home everywhere - but wherever it does not sow, it will not yield a rich harvest. ——Herzen Science is not something that can be obtained without hard work - indeed, there is no other way to obtain science except sweating; neither enthusiasm nor fantasy nor desire with the whole body and mind can replace labor.
——Herzen Genius cannot make people do not have to work, nor can it replace labor. To develop genius, one must study for long periods of time and work with high intensity.
The more talented a person is, the more complex and important the tasks he faces. —— Smirnov A person with truly great talent feels the highest degree of happiness in the process of work.
—— Goethe The fruits harvested from the garden of science, like the farmer's harvest, are often the simultaneous product of work and luck and favorable circumstances. ——Berzilius Inspiration is nothing but "the reward of tenacious labor."
—— Repin Whoever is willing to work seriously can make many achievements and stand out. ——Engels There is nothing of real value in the world that can be obtained without hard work.
—— Edison Labor is the mother of all inventions. By working hard at everything, you can get the truth of things.
—— Tao Xingzhi Things that are obtained through effort are more popular than things that are obtained without effort. The truth that is obvious at a glance can be understood effortlessly. Once you understand it, you will feel temporarily happy, but it will soon be forgotten.
—— Boccaccio My life is basically just hard work. I can say that in my seventy-five years, I have not lived a comfortable life for a month. It is like pushing a stone up a mountain. , the stone kept rolling down and pushed up. ——Goethe It is labor itself that constitutes the main factor in the happiness you pursue. Any enjoyment that is not obtained through hard work will soon become boring and uninteresting.
—— Hume Only under new social conditions can labor be transformed from a heavy burden into a relaxed and pleasant satisfaction of physiological requirements. —— Chernyshevsky We learn to think in the process of our labor. As a result of our labor, we understand the mystery of the world, and then we truly change our lives.
—— Gorky I have loved mental work and physical work all my life. 3. Words expressing evolution
Ever-changing, ever-changing, ever-changing, ever-changing, like gods, the sun changes, the moon changes, the sun changes, the moon changes, the sun changes, the moon changes, the white clouds, the cang dog
Survival of the fittest
shì zhě shēng cún
Explanation: conform to, adapt to. Those who adapt to the requirements of the environment will survive
Source: Ouyang Shan's "Hard Fighting": "What I mean is that on this issue, we must not ignore the famous law of natural selection and survival of the fittest. ”
Structured subject-predicate idioms
Usage as predicate, attributive, object; used for doing things
Synonyms Survival of the fittest
Example sentence Li Yingru " Chapter 9 of "Wild Fire and Spring Wind Fighting the Ancient City": "What's wrong with being a kite taking off with three lines? Survival of the fittest." 4. Famous quotes about the theory of evolution
A husband's ambitions should be high.
—— "The Collection of Zhuge Liang" The more the sea is covered with reefs and the more dangerous it is, the more I feel that it is a pleasure to seek immortality through many dangers. —— Lametrie: "The Natural History of the Mind" To be strong-willed, to be diligent, to explore, to discover, and never give in, to cherish the good that befalls us along the way, to endure the evil in and around us, and to Determine to eliminate it.
—— Huxley: "Evolution and Ethics" No intelligent person will deny the training value of pain and sorrow. —— Huxley: "Evolution and Ethics" Patience and persistence are better than vehemence and fanaticism.
—— La Fontaine: "Fables" All truly beautiful things are obtained from struggle and sacrifice, and a better future must be obtained in the same way. —— Chernyshevsky The road of history is not the sidewalk on Nevsky Prospekt. It advances entirely in the fields, sometimes through dust, sometimes through mud, sometimes across swamps, and sometimes through jungles.
—— Chernyshevsky There is no cliff or tower in the world that a man with two feet cannot climb...Similarly, there is no such thing in the world The peak of science is beyond human reach. —— Guo Minsky All perseverance and perseverance will be rewarded sooner or later.
—— "Ingres on Art" Steel is tempered in fierce fire and rapid cooling. That’s why you can be strong and fearless of anything.
Our generation has also been tempered in struggles and terrible tests, and has learned not to surrender in the face of life. ——"Ostrovsky" Even if the wings are broken, the heart will still fly——Zhang Haidi If human activities are not inspired by ideals, they will become empty and insignificant.
————Chernyshevsky Ideal can bring joy to the unfortunate people in the world! ——Gorky The eagle strikes the sky, the wind is strong, and the waves fly like spring. ————Sima Guang A young man is full of energy and will work hard.
————Li Bai Everyone has certain ideals, which determine the direction of his efforts and judgment. In this sense, I never regard comfort and happiness as the purpose of life itself - I call this ethical basis the ideal of the pig pen.
————Einstein Hope is the source of life. Without it, life will wither. ——Franklin Our only sorrow is to live in wishes without hope.
————Dante If a man does not know which pier he is sailing to, then any wind will not be a favorable wind. ——Seneca Reality is this shore, ideal is the other shore.
There is a rushing river in the middle, and action is a bridge across the river. ——Krylov If a man does not show his ambition, his eight-foot body will be in vain.
————Feng Menglong Only when people have material things can they survive; only when people have ideals can they talk about life. Do you want to understand the difference between survival and life? Animals survive and humans live.
————Hugo Even if we are motionless, time is moving for us, and the passage of days is enough to take away the illusions we hope to keep. ——Romain Rolland Nature traps people in darkness and forces them to always yearn for light.
——Goethe Ideals are like stars-----we can never touch them, but we can sail by the position of the stars like navigators. ——Schultz If you can live your life following your ideals, act with a spirit of integrity and freedom, the perseverance to move forward, and an honest and non-self-deceptive mind, you will surely reach the state of perfection.
————Madame Curie Killing the "now" also kills the "future" - the future is the era of descendants. ——"The Complete Works of Lu Xun" If you do not participate in the struggle to transform society, your ideals and hopes will always be a phantom.
—— Wu Yunduo: "Let ideals rooted in reality shine" Do you want to understand what revolution is? Just call it progress. Do you want to understand what progress is? Call it tomorrow.
Tomorrow will do its work without hesitation, and it has already started doing it today. Despite the changes, it will never fail to achieve its goal. —— Hugo The past belongs to death, the future belongs to yourself.
—— Shelley The future is bright and beautiful, love it, rush towards it, work for it, welcome it, and make it a reality as much as possible! ...... - Chernyshevsky: Still strong despite repeated hardships, regardless of the winds blowing from east to west, north and south. ——"The Collection of Zheng Banqiao" What you have is vitality. When you encounter deep forests, you can make flat land. When you encounter wilderness, you can plant trees. When you encounter deserts, you can dig wells and springs.
—— "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" I think there is a smooth road ahead, so why should people stop walking because of a small obstacle? ——Lu Xun What is a road? It is trampled out from a place where there is no road, it is carved out from a place where there are only thorns. ——"The Complete Works of Lu Xun" We must start from reality. We can neither change ourselves like Sun Walker, break away from this real world, and somersault into the sky. Then we can only have the attitude of moving forward, and we can only overcome all difficulties and strive forward. An attitude... Reality is fundamentally flawed, must be incomplete, must have a lot of dissatisfaction, and even must not have a lot of heartache. We can neither escape reality nor escape from all this. We can only find ways to deal with these kinds of things; if one person or a few people can't deal with them, we can only find ways to create collective strength to deal with them.
—— "Collected Works of Tao Fen" The so-called revolutionary spirit is creativity. We must understand that everything in the world requires creation. If we want to move forward, we cannot sit and wait, we must create. To create, you must overcome difficulties, and you cannot covet a good environment and good conditions.
—— "Xu Teli's Educational Collected Works" The more the sea is covered with reefs and the more dangerous it is, the more I feel that it is a pleasure to seek immortality through many dangers. —— Lametrie: "The Natural History of the Mind" To be strong-willed, to be diligent, to explore, to discover, and never give in, cherish the good that befalls us along the way, endure the evil in and around us, and Determine to eliminate it.
—— Huxley: "Evolution and Ethics" No intelligent person will deny the training value of pain and sorrow. —— Huxley: "Evolution and Ethics" Patience and persistence are better than vehemence and fanaticism.
—— La Fontaine: "Fables" All truly beautiful things are obtained from struggle and sacrifice, and a better future must be obtained in the same way. ——. 5. Famous quotes about the theory of evolution
(1) The background of the emergence of the theory of evolution In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin (1809-1882) founded the scientific theory of evolution.
In his theory of evolution, Darwin materialistically clarified the causes (mechanisms) of biological evolution, thus destroying the dominance of creationism in biology. The reason why Darwin was able to complete the theory of evolution during this period has its historical background.
First of all, this is because natural science has accumulated sufficient facts by this period to prove that there is a historical development process in the organic world. In the mid-19th century, the rich data provided by paleontology, geology, embryology, comparative anatomy, cytology and other disciplines prepared the conditions for the emergence of scientific evolution theory.
In 1831, Darwin participated in the global voyage of the warship "Beagle" as a natural scientist. During the five-year voyage and expedition, he gained extremely rich practical knowledge in geology, paleontology, plants, animals, etc., which provided him with a direct source of perceptual knowledge for his future work on the theory of biological evolution.
The countless examples he observed in nature could not help but cast great doubts on creationism, which advocates the immutability of species. By the end of his investigation, Darwin had formed a view on species change, but why can species change and what are the rules of change? Darwin could not yet find the answer to the question.
In order to solve this problem, Darwin followed the scientific investigation and then turned to the practice of social production. At that time, Britain had developed animal husbandry and horticulture industries, and the vigorous breeding work provided Darwin with the conditions to solve the above problems.
Human breeding practice has the following two characteristics: (1) The mutations that occur in organisms under the conscious control of humans are faster and more complex than those that occur in a natural state. Obvious; (2) Variation caused under human control, it is easier to see that the formation of new traits is related to human requirements for it. That is to say: it is easier for us to see how a new variety is formed.
Darwin recognized that practical experience in studying breeding work could help solve problems of the mechanisms of evolution. He wrote at the time: "When I began to observe, I felt that a careful study of domestic animals and cultivated plants would provide the best opportunity to understand this difficult problem.
I was not disappointed... .... "In summarizing the experience of breeding practice and his own scientific experiments, Darwin gradually formed the theory of artificial selection.
(2) Basic content of Darwin’s theory of evolution The core of Darwin’s theory of evolution is the theory of artificial selection and natural selection. He first formed the theory of artificial selection, and then went on to establish the theory of natural selection.
Therefore, let us first briefly explain the theory of artificial selection. 1. The theory of artificial selection: When Darwin studied the origin of livestock and crop varieties, he first discovered that there are many varieties of each livestock and crop. He believed that no matter how many varieties there are, the differences between them can be great, but these varieties all come from One or a few wild species.
For example, there are many varieties of domestic pigeons (Darwin collected 150 varieties of pigeons at the time), but they all originate from one species, the wild rock pigeon; there are many varieties of domestic chickens, but they all originate from ** * The same ancestor, the wild jungle fowl. How are the different varieties formed? Darwin believed that various varieties of domesticated organisms were created by human beings through conscious choices.
The so-called selection means that human beings preserve the individual mutations that meet the requirements according to their requirements and hobbies, and let them pass on to future generations, and eliminate the individuals that do not meet the requirements. Through the accumulation of heredity and variation, various varieties are gradually formed.
From this point of view, the formation of new varieties includes three factors: variation, heredity and selection. Variation plays the role of providing materials here. Without variation, there is no raw material for selection; selection retains the variation that is beneficial to people and eliminates the variation that is detrimental to people. Without selection, there is no directional development of variation; heredity plays the role of maintaining and consolidating variation. Without inheritance, there would be no accumulation of variation.
The establishment of the theory of artificial selection was of great help to Darwin in further exploring the origin of species. It made him think about whether there is a similar selection process in nature. Further research convinced Darwin that the origin of various species was also due to a selection process similar to artificial selection in nature. Thus established the theory of natural selection.
2. The theory of natural selection: The theory of natural selection was established by Darwin based on the following three observed facts and two inferences drawn from them.
First of all, Darwin discovered that various organisms have high reproductive rates. If there are no factors that limit the reproduction of organisms in nature, then each species will have a rapid rate of reproduction in a geometric progression (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64...) The tendency to reproduce offspring.
For example, elephants (which reproduce slowly in the animal kingdom), starting from a pair of male and female elephants, will produce 19 million elephants after 750 years. A pair of sparrows will produce 275 billion offspring in 10 years.
The second fact observed by Darwin is that the number of various living things in nature, generally speaking, remains relatively stable within a certain period of time. Although the reproductive potential of organisms is huge, in fact, animal eggs (or plant seeds) may not all develop, and the larvae may not all survive, and a large part of them are eliminated.
The third fact that Darwin noticed is that variation exists universally in living things. Parents and offspring are not exactly the same, and offspring born from the same parent are always different.
In fact, no two individuals are exactly alike. Darwin drew two inferences from the three observed facts: The first inference: The great reproductive potential of species in nature has not been realized because of the struggle for existence.
Precisely because, on the one hand, organisms have high fecundity, on the other hand, the living conditions do not allow all the offspring produced by organisms to survive. Therefore, organisms must always be in a struggle for survival, or with inorganic Fight against the environment, either against organisms of different species (interspecific struggle), or against other individuals of the same species (intraspecific struggle). Darwin believed that "the most violent struggles almost always occur among individuals of the same species, because they live in the same area, feed on the same food, and suffer the same threats."
The second inference: in In the struggle for survival, individuals with advantageous mutations get the best chance of preserving themselves and producing offspring; conversely, those with disadvantages.