Confucianism

Confucianism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. It took Confucius as its teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period, took the Six Arts as its method, advocated "rituals and music" and "benevolence and righteousness", and advocated " It is an academic faction that advocates "loyalty and forgiveness" and the impartial "gold mean", advocates "moral governance" and "benevolent governance", and attaches great importance to moral and ethical education and people's self-cultivation.

Taoism

Taoism is the root, takes nature as a companion, takes heaven and earth as teachers, regards nature as respect, and takes inaction as the basis. It advocates purity and self-preservation, inaction and self-transformation, and the harmony of all things. Tong, Tao follows nature, stays away from politics, and is free and at ease. The political ideal is a peach blossom garden and a world of perfect virtue, which embodies the characteristics of "separating use from use as body", and therefore has become a spiritual home for literati and scholars of all ages to stay away from cruel reality.

Mojia

This school of thought takes "love each other and benefit each other" as the basis of the theory: "to love one another, to treat others as oneself; to love one another," to love others as oneself. "The world loves each other" and the goal of "mutual benefit" can be achieved. Politically, we advocate respecting the virtuous, advocating for unity and non-aggression; economically, we advocate strengthening local people and limiting their use; ideologically, we advocate respecting heaven and serving ghosts. At the same time, he also put forward the idea of ??"non-fate" and emphasized that he should rely on his own strength to do it.

Famous scholars

Famous scholars focus on debating the relationship between "name" and "reality", which is a kind of logic. The difference between famous people and other schools lies in the method of "correcting the name and reality". They mainly analyze things based on logical principles, and the content of their debates are mostly philosophical issues that have nothing to do with political practice. Therefore, the theories of famous scholars have always been given the reputation of "sophism" in the academic history of China for five thousand years.

Legalism

Legalism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. It advocated the rule of law and "no distinction between relatives and strangers, no distinction between high and low, and one is determined by the law." It's called Legalism. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong and Zichan were the pioneers of Legalism.

Extended information:

The books of the pre-Qin scholars were mostly written in chapters at the beginning. For example, "Han Feizi" originally had chapters such as "Gu Ang" and "Five Worms", which were later included It was collected into a book and named after Han Fei.

Furthermore, the writing process of the books of Zhuzi is generally more complicated, and the authors usually claim that they are self-written. However, judging from the content, some actually collected the main opinions of the school and compiled them into books. More It was compiled by later generations of disciples during the inheritance process of the master.

In short, it may have been completed by multiple hands or compiled and supplemented over a long period of time. Because of this, there are many rumors and different versions of the books written by various scholars, and some of them are mixed with other people's opinions. These all reflect the characteristics of early literature.

In the history of Chinese academics, the pre-Qin Dynasty was a golden age when various schools of thought contended and academic development flourished. Representatives of various schools and many scholars wrote books and lectures, gathered students to give lectures, or questioned and debated. They not only left precious cultural heritage to future generations, but also left broad room for development and imagination for future generations. . Descendants should better protect and inherit.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Hundreds of Scholars