Hong Dan refers to "The Analects of Confucius in Detail" by teacher Fu Peirong, and "Green Window Dream" refers to Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", compiled by Hong Dan.

I will push an Analects of Confucius every day and study "The Analects of Confucius" with everyone. Welcome everyone to pay attention and study "The Analects of Confucius" together. If you have any insights about the daily Analects study, you can leave a message for discussion.

Today I will start studying the fifth chapter of "Wei Zheng Chapter".

1. Original text

Meng Yizi asked about filial piety. Confucius said: "No violation." Fan Chi tried to stop him, and Confucius told him: "Meng Sun asked about his filial piety to me, and I replied, No violation." Fan Chi said: "What do you mean?" Confucius said: "Sheng, things are done. With propriety; death, burial with propriety, sacrifice with propriety."

2. Original text by Fu Peirong

Meng Yizi asked what filial piety is. Confucius said: "Don't violate the etiquette." When Fan Chi was driving for Confucius, Confucius said to him: "Meng Sun asked me what filial piety is, and I answered him: 'Don't violate the etiquette." Fan Chi said: "What is this? What does it mean? "Confucius said: "When your parents are alive, you serve them according to the rules of etiquette; after your parents pass away, you bury them according to the rules of etiquette, and you sacrifice them according to the rules of etiquette."

Fu Peirong:

Meng Yizi, that is, Zhongsun Heji, a senior official in the state of Lu, was twenty years old when he was younger than Confucius. He once learned etiquette from Confucius on the order of his father, Meng Xizi. Fan Chi is Fan Xu, whose courtesy name is Zi Chi, a native of Lu. Confucius was forty-six years old. At that time, there were three officials in the state of Lu, Meng (originally known as Zhong), Shu, and Ji, who were in charge of the government and often violated etiquette. Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude and reminded Meng Yizi that he must abide by the etiquette even after the death of his parents, otherwise it would still be unfilial.

Filial piety must also comply with etiquette and law

When Meng Yizi asked about filial piety, Confucius's reply was: "Don't violate etiquette." This answer has its background. At that time, the three families of Lu State, namely Meng Sun, Shu Sun, and Ji Sun, were very powerful and were not very polite to the king. Confucius hinted that although these three families are very powerful, it is best to abide by the etiquette system and distinguish the etiquette between monarch and minister.

Only when there is no violation of etiquette can filial piety be realized. The combination of inner filial piety and outer etiquette is the practice of filial piety.

3. Learning experience from Green Window Youmeng

Confucius also gave advice based on events. Regarding the situation of three families violating etiquette at that time, Confucius started from etiquette when answering Meng Sun. Otherwise it violates etiquette.

Regarding filial piety, people in life and death are treated with courtesy. The true intention of filial piety is expressed through the constraints of external rituals such as etiquette, rather than red tape.

4. Hong Dan’s learning experience

The following articles are all about "filial piety". When we read these articles, we will find that Confucius gave different answers to different people's questions. of. The question and answer about filial piety is a good reflection of Confucius's teaching of students in accordance with their aptitude. It also reflects the practicality of the Analects. Confucius's answers were all to enable the other party to better practice filial piety, not just to answer his questions.

Moreover, Confucius also said this sentence with a background, and it was directed at dandies like Meng Yizi. Filial piety not only includes intentions, but also includes norms. When people talk about filial piety, they often only say that one should be sincere, but the expression of one's intentions must also comply with etiquette. Otherwise, it will attract criticism from others. Only when there is no violation of etiquette can filial piety be realized. The combination of inner filial piety and outer etiquette is the practice of filial piety.

5. Urban reclusive people’s understanding of the fifth chapter of "The Analects of Confucius" for politics

The first four paragraphs of "The Analects of Confucius for Politics" are equivalent to the general outline, and they are all summarized Discussion. The next five paragraphs analyze the first key point of Confucianism - filial piety.

Original text Meng Yizi asked about filial piety, and the Confucius said: "No violation." Fan Chiyu, the Confucius told him: "Meng Sun asked about filial piety to me, and I said: 'No violation.'" Fan Chi said : "What is it?" Confucius said: "In life, things should be done with propriety. In death, burial should be done with propriety, and sacrifice should be done with propriety."

Filial piety and brotherhood are the foundation of benevolence, and loyalty is the extension of filial piety, then Governing a country by virtue must first emphasize loyalty and filial piety. In the next few paragraphs, Confucius interprets filial piety from different angles based on the problems of different students.

The first person to appear was Meng Yizi.

Meng Yizi was Meng Sun, one of the three great officials of the Lu State at that time. His name was Wuji, and he was a student of Confucius in his early years. However, in the "falling three capitals" presided over by Confucius in order to maintain the authority of King Lu (according to etiquette and law, the city wall of the minister's house was lower than the wall of the king's capital. When Confucius was appointed as the commander of Lu State, in view of the fact that the governor of Lu State usurped the power of King Lu, and the retainers He also usurped the power of the consuls and advocated that the three consuls each lower the walls of their own capitals and use this as a starting point to standardize the etiquette system of the state of Lu.) During the action, Meng Yizi took the lead in disobedience. He also had many other violations of etiquette and law. Therefore, later generations do not think that he is a disciple of Confucius.

So when Meng Yizi asked what constitutes filial piety, Confucius simply replied, "Nothing against it." Nothing against it? Confucius didn't say anything on the spot, maybe Meng Yizi would have thought it was "don't go against your parents' wishes." But when Confucius left, his disciple Fan Chi drove him - this kind of conversation when alone is usually a small stove that a teacher gives to his students - at this time Confucius told him: "Meng Sun just asked me how to drive a car." As a filial piety, I answered him without any violation." Fan Chi asked: "What do you mean?" Confucius replied: "When your parents are alive, you serve them in accordance with the rituals; when your parents die, you bury them according to the rituals and pay homage to them according to the rituals."

Considering that Meng Sun, whom Confucius said "no violation", had many behaviors that violated etiquette, Confucius was unwilling to explain clearly to Meng Yizi in person, perhaps because he did not want to cause conflicts. What he said to Fan Chi later was probably because he was afraid that the students would misunderstand him, and he wanted to tell the students through Fan Chi that the so-called filial piety does not mean unconditionally satisfying and obeying parents. If the father is wise and observant of etiquette, then obeying the father is filial piety. If the father also does not observe the etiquette, then you can advise your father to return to the etiquette when he is still alive. Even if the father disobeys, you must stick to the etiquette. After the death of the father, you can make the decision yourself, so it is not inappropriate for the father's funeral and memorial ceremony. The higher the grade, the better. It is filial piety to bury and pay homage with the correct etiquette.

The focus of this paragraph is not what is etiquette, but what is not etiquette, which corresponds exactly to the "elegant words, commanding colors" in the "Xueer" chapter. It is a pity that many future generations do not understand Confucius' thoughts and one-sidedly understand "filial piety" as unconditional obedience to the father's wishes. Funerals and sacrifices are becoming more and more extravagant, and they regard this as a Chinese ritual.