First, the social and historical reasons for the establishment of the * * * production party in China.
Marx said in the article "History of Opium Trade": "In 1800, 2000 boxes of opium were imported into China." Marx said in the article "China Revolution and European Revolution": "The continuous uprising in China has lasted for about 10 years, and now it has merged into a thrilling revolution ... from 1833. China's export of silver to India almost exhausted the source of silver in the Chinese Empire ... 1840 The reparations that China was forced to pay to Britain after the defeat of the war, a large amount of unproductive opium consumption, the outflow of gold and silver caused by opium trade, the destructive influence of foreign competition on domestic industries and the corruption of state administrative organs all caused two consequences: the old tax was heavier and more unbearable, and the old tax was added with new tax. Therefore ... our people are suffering, so they won't be tired any more. " Since modern times in China, the suffering Chinese nation has faced two major historical tasks: one is to seek national independence and people's liberation; One is to make the country rich and the people rich. Of the two major tasks, the former cleared the obstacles and created the necessary premise for the latter. Therefore, how to oppose the invasion of foreign powers, get rid of feudal autocracy, change the poverty and backwardness of the country, and solve the problems of independence, freedom, democracy, unity and prosperity have become the main problems faced by semi-colonial and semi-feudal China.
1. The crazy invasion and plunder of China by western powers in modern times is the social and historical reason for the birth of the * * * production party.
Before the Opium War, China was a feudal society under the rule of Qing Dynasty. The national conditions of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak in the Kanggan period, which was called "the prosperous time of Kanggan" in history. However, in the last years of Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty began to decline, political darkness, financial constraints, domestic class contradictions intensified day by day, and peasant uprisings broke out one after another. Just as the Qing Dynasty declined, capitalism in Britain, France and the United States was developing rapidly. Due to the development of production and technological innovation, weapons and equipment are advanced and military strength is strong. At that time, the world colonies had been basically divided up, so China, with its vast territory, large population and poor and weak population, became the target of capitalist aggression.
Britain, the most developed capitalist country at that time, was the first to attack China. From17th century to18th century, China has been in a favorable position in Sino-British trade. It is very difficult to sell British industrial products in China, and a large amount of silver is needed every year in exchange for China's silk, tea and other items. Faced with this situation, the British bourgeoisie, eager to expand the industrial product sales market, was extremely annoyed. Desperately turned to dirty opium smuggling in an attempt to open the door to China. According to the statistics of 1835, the number of opium addicts is as high as 2 million. Opium is spread all over the country, which has caused extremely serious consequences. On the one hand, the people are increasingly poor and weak, and social productive forces have been seriously damaged; On the other hand, there is a large outflow of silver, and the national finance is in crisis. The import of opium and its harm caused strong resistance from the people of China. The enlightened faction of the ruling class also advocated the prohibition of opium. Lin Zexu, the main representative of the anti-smoking faction, once wrote to Daoguang, pointing out that if opium is not banned, decades later, the whole of China will be "no soldiers to defend against the enemy and no silver to fight against the enemy". On the proposal of Lin Zexu and other ministers who banned smoking,1838+February, Daoguang appointed Lin Zexu as an imperial envoy to ban smoking in Guangdong and Guangxi. Lin Zexu publicly destroyed more than 20,000 boxes of opium handed over by illegal traders in Britain and the United States at Humentan, which wrote a glorious chapter in the anti-imperialist struggle in China's modern history. The news of the ban on smoking in China reached Britain, and the British bourgeoisie was furious. Shout not to "let go of such a war opportunity easily." At that time, the British Foreign Secretary frantically clamored that China "should be beaten first, and then explain". 19438+0860 In June, Britain sent the so-called "Oriental Expeditionary Force" consisting of 40 ships and more than 4,000 soldiers, and launched a vicious aggression against China. This is the famous Opium War in China's modern history. Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Guan Tianpei and other patriotic generals led the China army to resolutely fight back, and the people's anti-British struggle, especially the Sanyuanli people, dealt a heavy blow to the invaders. However, at the gunpoint of the invaders, the Qing government signed the first unequal treaty in the history of China, the treaty of nanking, which stipulated articles 13, such as land compensation, opening of trading ports, tariffs and unilateral MFN treaty. The China government was forced to sign the Sino-American Wang Xia Treaty and the Sino-French Huangpu Treaty. After Anglo-American law, Russia, Italy, Portugal, etc. They also flocked to ask for the formal signing of trade treaties to compete for rights and interests, but the Qing government agreed. As a result, the door closed by China was opened by the fire of the First Opium War.
After the Opium War, the British and French Allied Forces invaded China in the Second Opium War 1856- 1860. From 1884 to 1885, the Sino-French war of French aggression against China happened again. 1894- 1895 Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895; 1900, eight imperialist countries, namely Britain, France, Japan, Germany, the United States, Russia, Italy and Austria, jointly invaded China, and so on. During the period from the Opium War to the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) 1 10, almost all the major capitalist countries in the world launched one or more wars of aggression against China, except the last one.
During the period of 1 10, imperialist countries forced China to conclude more than 1000 unequal treaties. These 1000 unequal treaties are the products of imperialist aggression against China, and they are also the records of the sufferings and humiliation of the people of China. If more than 1000 unequal treaties are written on the calendar of one year, every day, national humiliation cannot be forgotten!
Imperialism invaded China. First, it carved up the territory of China. Before the imperialist invasion of China, the territory of China was much larger than it is now. After the Opium War, Britain divided Hong Kong, Portugal seized Macau, and Russia invaded and occupied a large area of northeast and northwest China through a series of demarcation treaties, such as the Aihui Treaty and the Beijing Treaty, with a total area of 1.5 million. It is equivalent to the territory of five French countries, four semi-Japanese countries or six semi-British countries. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese occupied Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands, Ahava and Liaodong Peninsula. It was forcibly leased by imperialism. 1842 treaty of nanking forced Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai to become the trading ports of imperialist countries. After the Beijing Treaty was signed, it was increased to 15. After the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, it increased to 35. By 1930, all imperialist countries were trading in China. Britain occupies the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Tibet. Russia occupies Northeast China and Lvda; Germany occupied Shandong; Japan occupies the southeast and Fujian; On the other hand, the United States adopts an "open door" policy and "has equal opportunities and shared benefits" with all imperialist spheres of influence. 1948+0843, Britain first established a concession in Shanghai, and then the United States, Germany, France, Russia and Japan successively established concessions in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Tianjin, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Changsha.
The second is to undermine China's sovereignty. After the Opium War, the territory of China was torn apart. China's territorial waters and airspace were also destroyed. Ships and aircraft of imperialist countries can sail, fly, park, take off and land in China's territorial waters, inland rivers and airspace without restrictions. China's tariff rights have also been destroyed. According to treaty of nanking, the import tax payable by British businessmen should be "negotiated fairly". Imperialism directly controlled the customs administration in China for 50 years. China has long been one of the countries with the lowest tariffs in the world. Customs not only failed to protect its own industrial and commercial development, but became a tool for foreign capital to dump goods and plunder raw materials. At the same time, China's judicial power was also destroyed. The treaty of nanking and its annexes provide for consular jurisdiction. In other words, foreigners who commit crimes in China are not under the jurisdiction of China.
Third, it encroached on the wealth of China. 1900 Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China paid off 450 million silver in 39 years, and the principal and interest amounted to * * *1000 million silver, which was equivalent to the total fiscal revenue of the Qing Dynasty 14 years. In addition to demanding huge war reparations, western powers openly used naked flames to carry out looting. 10000/66071900, after Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, soldiers were allowed to attack the city for three days. According to the invaders' own confession, the silver ingots they robbed can be piled up into a "30-foot-long, 30-foot-wide and 4-foot-high Yinshan" in just one morning. The precious cultural relics and treasures plundered by the invaders in the city and the Summer Palace were all transported to Tianjin by camel.
2. Modern China's theory of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society is another social and historical reason for the emergence of China's * * * production party.
From the Opium War in 1840 to the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1 1949, the complicated social structure and class structure, sharp and profound social contradictions and class contradictions are another social reason for the emergence of the China * * * production party. If the Opium War and the signing of treaty of nanking were the symbols, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the signing of treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the semi-colonial and semi-feudal degree of China, while Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China and the signing of the Treaty of Shame and Ugliness marked the formal formation of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. In semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, foreign capital accounts for 90% of China's economy and 93% of China's total railways, and plays a leading role in industrial and mining enterprises and finance. Second, feudal exploitation exists in accordance with the law, combined with comprador capital and usury capital, which has obvious advantages in China's social economy. Feudal warlords, officials and landlords, with their political and military strength, took advantage of this and exercised cruel and dark rule over vast rural areas. Third, the emergence and expansion of the comprador bourgeoisie is a concrete manifestation of semi-colonialism in China society. Like the landlord class, it is a vassal of the foreign bourgeoisie, a part of the most reactionary and decadent relations of production in China, and one of the obstacles to the social development in China. Fourth, national capitalism has developed to some extent, but it is very weak. The main position of China's national capital is industry, lacking the foundation of heavy industry, not developing much in agriculture, and not becoming an independent economic system. Fifthly, the people of China suffered greatly and fell into the abyss of suffering. For example, in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-894-895, the Japanese invaders occupied Lushun and carried out a four-day massacre. As a result, the streets were full of bodies and blood everywhere. In the end, only 36 people were left in the city to bury other people's bones. In July, 2000, Russia invaded Hailanpao and 64 Tun in the east of China, carried out bloody slaughter, or drove China residents to Dada. Or rushed to Heilongjiang and drowned, or shot, slashed with knives and axes, killing more than 10,000 people, causing a miserable scene of "bones floating across the river bank". In the same year, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, burning and looting, only burning five houses in Zhuang once, and died on the spot 1700 people.
After the imperialist invasion of China, the heavy burden of compensation and debt repayment fell on the people. With the continuous tax increase and natural disasters in the Qing Dynasty, the people fell into the predicament of unemployment, bankruptcy and hunger. The people of China were also brutally oppressed by imperialism and feudalism, insulted, discriminated and persecuted by imperialism, and were called "the sick man of East Asia" by them, and even included in the ranks of inferior nations and even the Shanghai Concession.
3. The process of China people's anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism and seeking the road of saving the country and the people is an important reason for the birth of China's * * * production party.
The German philosopher Hegel once said: Everything that is realistic is inevitable. Lenin said: Where there is exploitation, there is resistance. China people's struggle against imperialism and feudalism will inevitably produce a leading class and a political party. During the 80 years from the Opium War to the May 4th Movement, advanced China people took Hong Xiuquan, Kang Youwei and Sun Yat-sen as their leaders. Seeking the truth of saving the country and the people, and changing the poverty and backwardness of China, he put forward various plans to save the country and carried out unyielding resistance and struggle again and again. However, due to the limitations of history and class, the country and the nation have no way out, and all salvation strategies and epic struggles have ended in failure.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement lasted 14 years, and the fighting force spread to 18 province, which shook the decadent feudal rule, dealt a heavy blow to foreign invaders, defended the dignity of the Chinese nation, and showed the tenacious resistance spirit of the people of China not to succumb to imperialism and its lackeys. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement is a great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal peasant revolutionary movement. Proved that the largest number of farmers is the main force of China's democratic revolution. However, due to the limitations of the times and classes, they could not correctly understand the nature and development prospects of modern China society, nor could they find a way out for the country and the nation. Under the joint strangulation of Chinese and foreign reactionaries, it is bound to fail. The bourgeois reformists, represented by Kang Youwei, loudly demanded to resist foreign enemies, reform internal affairs and save the country and the people at the critical moment of the national crisis. This was of positive and progressive significance at that time. However, due to the weakness and compromise of the upper national bourgeoisie in China, it has no courage to completely oppose imperialism and feudal autocracy in order to achieve social progress and national independence. Historical facts have proved that the road of reformism is impassable and doomed to extinction. 1984, sun yat-sen established the first bourgeois revolutionary group "Zhong Xing society" in Honolulu, USA; 1904, Japanese students Huang Xing, Chen Tianhua, Song, etc. , organized the "Hua Xing Hui" in Hunan; Cai Yuanpei, Zhang and Tao set up the "Guangfu Association" in Shanghai. The widespread spread of revolutionary ideas and the emergence of revolutionary groups indicate that the climax of the bourgeois national revolution is coming soon. In +09 1 1 year, the Qing government betrayed the right to build railways, which aroused the resistance of the people of the whole country and broke out the movement to protect railways, affecting several provinces. It became the fuse of the Revolution of 1911. In June of the same year 10, the revolutionaries held the Wuchang Uprising and won. The bourgeois revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen fought bravely for many years, ended the feudal monarchy that ruled China for more than 2,000 years, and made immortal historical contributions. However, the weak national bourgeoisie in China is afraid of workers and peasants as well as imperialist and feudal forces. Therefore, we cannot put forward a completely anti-imperialist and anti-feudal political program, and we cannot actively lead and mobilize the broad masses of the people to form a powerful revolutionary camp. Under the oppression of imperialist and feudal forces, the achievements of bourgeois revolution led by Sun Yat-sen were stolen by Beiyang warlords representing imperialist and feudal forces. History has proved that in China, although farmers are the main force of the democratic revolution, they can't win without the leadership of the advanced class. At the same time, the national bourgeoisie cannot lead the democratic revolution to victory. History shows that a modern history of China is actually a history of "imperialism invading China, opposing China's independence and China's development of capitalism". The important task of leading the China Revolution has historically fallen on the shoulders of China's emerging working class and its political party, the China Producer Party.
Second, the inherent inevitability of the establishment of China's * * * production party.
1, the emergence of the working class in China and the initial labor movement laid a material foundation for the establishment of the China * * * production party.
The working class in China is the representative of the new productive forces in China and the most advanced, revolutionary and promising class in China society. In addition to the general characteristics of the working class in the world, the working class in China has its own special characteristics. First, the working class in China is highly concentrated. The working class in China is mainly concentrated in the coastal areas, along the Yangtze River and some large enterprises. Focus on consumer goods, light industry, shipbuilding and raw material mining. This feature is conducive to the United struggle of the working class and easy to form a powerful political force. Second, the working class in our country is oppressed by imperialism, feudalism and bourgeoisie, and the depth and cruelty of oppression are rare for all nationalities in the world. For example, the wages of miners in China are more than 40 times different from those of British miners. Make them the most determined and thorough in the struggle. Third, although the working class in China is small in number, it has a broad social foundation, and a large part of this team comes from bankrupt farmers. Therefore, they have a natural connection with farmers and are easy to form a close alliance in the struggle.
The working class in China has been opposed to oppression and exploitation since its birth. The earliest workers' movement in China began in 1858, when more than 20,000 municipal workers and porters went on strike to resist the occupation of Guangzhou by the British and French invaders. By the beginning of the 20th century, the number of strikers had increased dramatically, and the scale of the struggle was expanding day by day. 04 19 1 1 times, 05 1965438+8 times, 19 16 years 17 times,17 times. There are 18 times a year on average. Before May of 19 19, there were 19 times. During this period, the scale and momentum of the struggle continued to expand. At first, it was an alliance strike of thousands of workers in several factories, and later it developed into a large-scale alliance strike of several industries in a region.
2. The spread of Marxism–Leninism in China prepared the ideological conditions for the establishment of the China * * * production party.
The growth of the working class in China and the development of the workers' movement laid a class foundation and prepared material conditions for the establishment of the China * * * production party. However, if the workers' movement is not combined with Marxism–Leninism, the proletarian party cannot be formed. Because Marxism-Leninism is an advanced scientific theory, this advanced scientific theory can not be spontaneously produced from the workers' movement, but can only be instilled from the outside. It is the advanced intellectuals who begin to realize the historical position and role of the working class.
After the Revolution of 1911, China was under the dark rule of warlords, the national crisis became increasingly serious, and the people of the whole country were in dire straits. At this time, a group of bourgeois and petty-bourgeois radical Democrats who strongly demanded to change the status quo in China launched a new cultural movement against feudal autocratic politics and feudal culture. For example, Chen Duxiu founded Youth magazine in September, and 19 15 is the main position of this movement. Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and Lu Xun are the most outstanding representatives of this movement. They held high the banner of democracy and science and launched a fierce attack on feudal political culture. The New Culture Movement, by its nature, still belongs to the category of old democracy. It failed to point out a new revolutionary road for the people of China, but it was an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement in modern China. It liberated people's thoughts from the shackles of feudal absolutism, greatly promoted people's awakening, and objectively cleared the obstacles and opened the door for the spread of Marxism-Leninism in China.
19 17 10. On 7 October, under the leadership of Lenin and the Bolshevik Party, the Russian people overthrew the reactionary rule of the bourgeoisie, established the first socialist country under the dictatorship of the proletariat in the world, and opened a new era in human history. The victory of the October Revolution gave great encouragement to the people of China. As Mao Zedong pointed out, "The October Revolution was a cannon, and Marxism–Leninism was sent to us. The October Revolution helped the advanced elements in the world and China, used the proletarian world outlook as a tool to observe the national revolutionary movement, reconsidered their own problems and took the Russian road-this is the conclusion. " Under the influence of the October Revolution, some advanced intellectuals in China, such as Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Zhongxia, quickly accepted and led Marxism-Leninism.
In China, Li Dazhao was the first pioneer to publicize the October Revolution and spread Marxism-Leninism. 19 18 years, successively published the Comparative View of French-Russian Revolution, Victory of Common People, Victory of Bolshevism, etc. In these papers, he sharply criticized the capitalist system, praised the victory of the October Revolution with great enthusiasm and pointed out. It is "a new dawn for all mankind in the world." He also predicted, "From now on, everywhere you see, you will see the banner of victory of Bolshevism, and everywhere you hear, you will hear the voice of victory of Bolshevism." "Look at the future world, it will be a world where the red flag will not fall!" It is pointed out that the road of October Revolution is the revolutionary road of the people of the world, and China must take the road of October Revolution.
Marxism–Leninism spread widely in China, first of all through the establishment of revolutionary journals. Before and after the May 4th Movement, revolutionary publications mushroomed, and hundreds of them were added in just over a year. For example, in April 2009, Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu founded Weekly Review together. In May of the same year, Li Dazhao helped the Beijing Morning Post Supplement to open a column on Marx studies. Excerpts and translations of the Producers' Party Manifesto and Preface have been published successively. The Republic of China Daily in Shanghai, Xiangjiang Review in Changsha, Awakening in Tianjin, Wuhan Weekly in Wuhan, Lixin in Jinan and other publications have published many articles introducing Marx and Marxist October Revolutionary Socialism Theory. Second, organize groups to study and publicize Marxism. Li Dazhao organized the first "Marxist Theory Research Society" in China in Peking University. He studies Marxism and China's social problems. In February and February 2009, he also published "Material Change and Moral Change" and "The Value of Historical Materialism in Modern History" in New Youth and other publications. Using the viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, this paper analyzes China's social and ideological problems. Li Dazhao also offered courses such as Historical Materialism, Socialism and Social Movement and the Future of Socialism in Peking University and other schools to teach young students Marxist theory. Besides, Chen Duxiu is in Shanghai, Changsha, Tianjin, Wuhan and Jinan. Promote Marxism and expand its influence. Third, advanced intellectuals went deep into the masses to publicize Marxism-Leninism. They first organized mass education lectures, went to factories and rural areas, and later popularized Marxist thought throughout the country. Secondly, conduct social surveys to fully reveal the nature of capitalist exploitation. Through the initial combination with the working masses, on the one hand, the working class is armed with Marxism, which improves their class consciousness, on the other hand, it also promotes the ideological transformation of these advanced intellectuals themselves, thus preparing the ideological conditions for party building.
3. The May 4th Movement further promoted the combination of Marxism-Leninism and the China Workers' Movement, and made ideological and cadre preparations for the establishment of the China * * * Production Party.
The May 4th Movement broke out under the profound national crisis, and it is a manifestation of the main contradiction in China society, namely, the contradiction between the Chinese nation and imperialism, and the intensification of the contradiction between the masses and feudalism. In 2008 10, the Allies defeated the Allies. This is the first time that China, which has been beaten and humiliated since the Opium War, has become a victorious country. The following year, the representative of China who attended the peace conference put forward some suggestions, such as abolishing the sphere of influence, returning the concession, free tariffs, and abolishing Article 2 1. However, the meeting flatly rejected China's just request.
The news of China's diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference came back to China like a bolt from the blue and shocked the whole country. Intellectuals and young students who are most sensitive to politics took action first. On the afternoon of May 4th, more than 3,000 students from Beijing 13 School held a demonstration, shouting "Cancel Article 2 1", "Give me back Qingdao" and "Fight for national rights outside and punish national thieves inside". Students from all over the world have responded. On June 5th, the workers of the third, fourth and fifth cotton mills in Shanghai, Japan, gave great support to the students with unprecedented enthusiasm and great energy, and then textile, machinery, railway, transportation, construction, municipal workers, handicraft workers and shop assistants joined in, with a total number of 6.5438+0.5 million. Tangshan, Hankou and Nanjing. 100 cities. According to incomplete statistics, from 19 19 to 192 1 year, there were 16 1 strikes nationwide, with a total number of people exceeding 45,000. The May 4th Movement broke through the narrow scope of intellectuals and became the working class.
The May 4th Movement is an epoch-making event in the revolutionary history of China. It marks the great beginning of China's new-democratic revolution. Although the May 4th Movement was not led by a proletarian party, a group of intellectuals with preliminary proletarian ideas played a leading role in politics and played a key role in organization. The working class in China, as an important social force, stepped onto the political stage independently in this movement. And played an important role in the movement. The May 4th Movement not only promoted the spread of Marxism, but also promoted the combination of Marxism and the workers' movement in China, thus making ideological and cadre preparations for the establishment of the China * * * production party.
Third, the brilliant achievements of China's * * * production party made the people voluntarily choose the * * * production party as their leading core.
First, China's * * * production party consciously shoulders the historical responsibility of saving the country and the people against imperialism and feudalism. 19438+0922 In July, the Party's second congress formulated a complete anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program: "Eliminate civil strife and overthrow warlords; The programs of "building domestic peace", "overthrowing the oppression of international imperialism, realizing the complete independence of the Chinese nation" and "unifying China into a truly democratic and peaceful country" were quickly accepted by the broad masses of the people. The Party led the workers to strike again and again, and the vast number of young workers and league members in party member took the lead, giving full play to the vanguard and exemplary role. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the China Producers' Party realized that without the revolutionary army, there would be no status of the Producers' Party. 1, in August, 0927, the China Producer Party led the great Nanchang Uprising and fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries. On August 7th, 0927, the Central Committee held the August 7th meeting, which confirmed the agrarian revolution. Mao Zedong led the autumn harvest uprising on the Hunan-Jiangxi border, and for the first time, he played the banner of the revolutionary army of workers and peasants. 1928 In April, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the rest of the Nanchang Uprising to join forces with Mao Zedong in Jinggangshan, and established the first regular Red Army Gongsijun. At the same time, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and other provinces have successively established workers and peasants' armed forces and revolutionary base areas, igniting the spark of "armed separation of workers and peasants". Stepped out of a revolutionary road that rural areas surrounded cities and eventually won national victory. On September 1930- 1933, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fourth and fifth big encirclement and suppression campaigns against the Red Army and the revolutionary base areas. The fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed, and the Red Army was forced to make a long March. 1935 10, the Central Committee held the famous Zunyi Conference. Saved the party and the red army at an extremely dangerous historical juncture. After the Zunyi meeting, under the correct leadership of the Party, the Red Army crossed Chishui four times, skillfully crossed Jinsha River, forced Dadu River, flew over Luding Bridge, crossed snow-capped mountains and crossed grassland. After many hardships, we got rid of the enemy's encirclement and interception and arrived in northern Shaanxi smoothly on May 1935. The history of the Red Army's Long March,