Zhuangzi (about 369 BC to 286 BC), named Zhou, Yu Zixiu, was a native of the eastern suburbs of Mengcheng County (now Dongcheng Road, Chengguan Town). He was a Qiyuan official and a famous thinker and writer during the Warring States Period. Zhuangzi was a representative figure of the Taoist school during the Warring States Period after Laozi. At the same time, he is also an excellent writer and philosopher. With his representative work "Zhuangzi" (also known as "Nanhua Sutra"), he expounded the essence of Taoist thought and developed Taoist theory, making it a far-reaching philosophical school.

Characters and Events

The Debate at Haoliang Zhuangzi and Huizi were playing on the bridge of Haoshui River. Zhuangzi said: "It is the joy of a fish to swim leisurely and leisurely. This is the joy of a fish." Huizi said: "You are not a fish, how can you know the joy of a fish?" Zhuangzi said: "The son is not me, how do you know that I don't know the joy of fish?" Huizi said: "I am not the son, so I certainly don't know the son. The son is definitely not a fish, so the son doesn't know the joy of fish. That's all (and it's completely certain)." "Zhuangzi said: "Please follow the original. Ziri said, "You know the joy of fish." Since you know what I know, you ask me. (Let us follow the previous words. What you just said. When I say "How do you know the happiness of fish", you are asking me because you already know that I know the happiness of fish, and I know the happiness of fish on the bridge of the ditch.) "Autumn Water"

Huizi, the rotting rat, was serving as the prime minister of Wei, and Zhuangzi went to see him. Someone said to Huizi: "Zhuangzi has come and wants to take his place as prime minister." So Huizi was very panicked and searched for Zhuangzi in the capital for three days and three nights. Zhuangzi went to see him and said to him: "There is a bird in the south. Its name is the phoenix chick. Do you know it? The phoenix chick originates from the South China Sea and flies to the North Sea. It will not stop unless it is a parasol tree. It will not eat unless it is made of solid wood. It will not drink unless it is a spring of sweet wine." So the owl caught the rotten rat, and the phoenix chick passed by. He looked up and said, "Scare!" I want to scare me with my son's status in Wei. (There is a bird in the south, and its name is the phoenix chick. Do you know? The eagle eagle flies from the South China Sea to the North Sea. It will not stop if it is not a plane tree, it will not eat if it is not a bamboo fruit, and it will not drink if it is not a sweet spring water. At this moment, a falcon eagle finds a rotten mouse. The owl chick happened to fly over in the sky, and the owl eagle looked up at the chick and roared: "Hey!" Do you want to use your Wei State to roar at me now? "

Cai Yu Feicai Zhuangzi? While walking in the mountains, I saw a large tree with very lush leaves. The woodcutter stopped by the tree but did not cut it down. When I asked them why, they said, "It is of no use." Zhuangzi said, "This tree was obtained without material." "Zhuangzi came out of the mountain and stayed at a friend's house. The friend was happy and asked his servant to kill a goose to entertain him. The servant asked his master: "What can one of them do? One of them can't sing. Please kill him. (One can only sing, and one can't. Which one should I kill?) The master said, "Kill the one who can't sing." The next day, the disciple asked Zhuangzi: "Yesterday." The trees in the mountains will live their whole life because of their lack of timber. Now my master's goose will die because of its lack of timber. Where will he be?" Zhuangzi said with a smile, "The generals of Zhou will be between those who are mature and those who are not. "Zhuang Zhou dreamed of a butterfly," Zhuangzi told a story to illustrate the principle of "materialization": In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of a butterfly, and it was a lifelike butterfly. It is a metaphor for his ambition! I don't know Zhou Ye. Suddenly, I wonder if Zhou's dream is Zhou Yu? Zhuangzi said that this is a simple story that expresses a kind of life. The dream-like attitude towards life also reveals the relationship between the metaphysical "Tao" and the metaphysical Zhuang Zhou and the butterfly. Everything in the metaphysical, although ever-changing, is just the materialization of Tao, whether it is Zhuang Zhou or the butterfly, they are all just in essence. There is no difference in the Tao of Nothingness.

Singing in the Drum Basin Less than a year after Zhuangzi returned home, his wife died of illness. Song. Huizi asked: "Living with others, it is enough not to cry when the eldest son grows old or dies, but it is not enough to sing with a pot of drums." It's enough for you not to cry when you die, but to still sing is too unreasonable." Zhuangzi said: "Otherwise, it's the beginning of death. How can I be so emotionless? Observe... She was sleeping in a huge room, and I burst into tears, thinking that I didn't understand my fate, so I stopped. (That's not what I meant. When she just died, how could I not feel sad? After thinking about it, I realized that I am still an ordinary person who does not understand the principles of life and death, and does not understand the way of heaven and earth. Thinking about it this way, I no longer feel sad.) "In life, we should "be at ease with the times, and be optimistic and open-minded."

Zhuangzi was buried with him. Zhuangzi was about to die, and his disciples planned to bury him with many things. Zhuangzi said: "I use the heaven and the earth as a coffin, the sun and the moon as a series of jade, the stars as pearls, and all things as gifts. Aren't my burial utensils prepared for evil?" The disciple said: "I am afraid that the black kite will eat my master."

Zhuangzi said: "On top, there are crows and kites to eat, and below, there are crickets and ants to eat. How biased is it to seize the other and this one?" "