Zhuangzi's view of nature advocates that nature opposes individual's artificial efforts. At the same time, its one-sidedness lies in respecting the laws of nature and denying the absoluteness of people's subjective initiative. As Xunzi criticized in the article "Jie Mao", "I don't know how to be a man." In other words, it indirectly shows that it advocates talent, opposes subjective acquired efforts, denies subjective initiative, and thinks talent is more important. But besides Zhuangzi, there is Cao Pi, who emphasizes that literature is based on qi and innate cultivation. In his book about Canon? The article says that "literature is dominated by qi, and the turbidity of qi has a body, which cannot be born of force." He emphasized that the difference in writing style is due to people's different natures, so it cannot be changed by manpower. The author thinks that his view is one-sided. In fact, although there are natural factors in personal character, there are also acquired human factors, which cannot be generalized.
On the efforts of the day after tomorrow, emphasize learning and then arrive. For example, Mencius put forward "knowing words and nourishing qi" and "being upright", which talked about people's moral cultivation. When they reach a high level, they have a state of mind that is awe-inspiring. First of all, the authors have an inner beauty of spiritual character, which can affect literary creation. Therefore, they especially emphasize that only by starting with personality cultivation and possessing noble moral quality can they write good works. As Mencius said, "Qi" is the result of benevolence, righteousness and moral cultivation, which can be acquired, rather than the expression of innate temperament. In addition, in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu developed Mencius' theory of literary spirit and put forward the theory of "full of sound and emotion", which is of great significance for attaching importance to the performance of writers in literary creation. This spirit is not the natural spirit mentioned by Laozi and Zhuangzi, nor the innate endowment and the spirit of "not being strong" mentioned by Cao Pi, but the "noble spirit" cultivated by Mencius' theory of "combining righteousness with Taoism". In addition, there is Ye Xie in the Ming Dynasty, who talked about the "mind" and "talent, courage, knowledge and strength" of a writer. He believes that the writer's "talent, courage, knowledge and strength" is not only related to human nature, but also related to acquired learning. He said, "although we have different talents, we can fill them with manpower." He affirmed the importance of human genius, but paid more attention to the role of acquired human learning, so he said, "Genius depends on it and can make up for its deficiency." He also said: "knowledge is for the body, and talent is for use. If the talent is not enough, we should study it carefully, which shows that Ye Xie emphasizes the efforts made the day after tomorrow. Zeng Guofan once put forward that "it is natural to avoid cleverness" and wrote down "being conscientious" as the motto of life, and said in reading that "you will never sleep until you finish reading the last sentence, this book and the next book." It is because of his hard work and self-discipline that he finally became a great man through the ages. As he said, "talent is not very smart, it depends on learning to be smart." "Visible, even the most stupid people, through their own efforts, has become a brand of modern people to motivate themselves to study hard.
It is too one-sided to emphasize the importance of innate endowment or the importance of acquired efforts. Marxist theory tells us that we should look at problems dialectically and comprehensively. The author thinks that talent and acquired learning are equally important. Whether Zhuangzi and Cao Pi attach importance to talent or Mencius, Han Yu and Ye Xie attach importance to acquired learning, they all deny each other's opposing views and fail to see the importance of both sides' advantages. For example, Yuan Mei's "Theory of Soul" mentioned the importance of innate talent and acquired learning. For another example, Li Bai is called "Poet Fairy", and it is said that he is a talented poet. He "recited Liu Jia at the age of five, read a hundred books at the age of ten, and wrote Ling Xiangru at the age of fifteen". Such a gifted and born poet still bravely went abroad, resigned his relatives, traveled all over the world, and strived for an official position. Because of her talent as a teenager and the study of "the iron pillar grinds into a needle", she finally became a great man through the ages. 1000 years later, we are still excited to read his poems, and his poems have become classic works of the population. In addition, there is Li Bai's good friend Du Fu, who is not only hardworking, but also brilliant. He was eager to learn since he was a child and began to recite poems at the age of seven. He also wrote a poem "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god" to encourage himself to study hard, which also reflected his talent and talent as a teenager and his hard work of "secretly reading thousands of books", which also prepared sufficient conditions for his future creation. There is also a gifted scholar Ouyang Xiu, who lost his father at the age of 4 and came from a poor family. Through his efforts and talent, he taught him to write. So there are many people who combine talent with hard work.
To sum up, some people say that genius is 1% inspiration, plus 99% sweat, and both are indispensable. So we should learn from the ancients, read Wan Li Road in thousands of books and thousands of books. Only by reading a book a hundred times can we see its meaning, and cleverness and clumsiness can never be separated.