Opening angle (? -184), Julu (Qin ruled Pingxiang, Hebei, and the Eastern Han ruled Ningjin, Hebei). ? At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the leader of the Yellow Scarf Army in China peasant uprising army. Zhang Jiao established Taiping Road and organized the masses with some religious and social political thoughts. Jianning Chu (168-172) preached. In the first year of Zhong Ping (184), with the slogan "Heaven dies, Huang Tianli, and the world prospers at the age of 60", Zhang Jiao claimed to be the "General God" and led the masses to launch an uprising, which was known as the "Yellow Scarf Uprising" in history. Soon Zhang Jiao died of illness, and the insurgents were quickly suppressed by the Han Dynasty.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Jiao and his three brothers publicized Taiping Dao, together with the early popular idea of "Huang Lao", and turned this idea into their own teachings and widely publicized it to believers. The doctrine of Taiping Taoism advocates that there are ghosts and gods in the sky to monitor people's behavior, increase or decrease their life span according to the good and evil of people's behavior, and requires people to do more good deeds and less bad things.
He spread everywhere that "heaven dies, Huang Tianli, aged in Jiazi, the world will do anything." The opening angle is based on the Taiping Jing. "There are billions of stars, if one day is unclear; If you are a column star, it is not as good as the country. " He calls himself Teacher Dade and is the chief leader of Taiping Road. His two younger brothers, Sean and Zhang Bao, call themselves big doctor and are also one of the leaders of Taiping Road. All Taiping Dao members and their followers who make mistakes can be forgiven as long as they bow down before the leader, admit their mistakes and promise not to repeat them.
For more than a decade, Taiping Road has spread all over Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu, with hundreds of thousands of followers. Mainly poor farmers, but also urban craftsmen, individual officials and even eunuchs. Zhang Jiao divided the believers into 36 parties (parish organizations), with more than 10,000 senior officials and 67,000 small parties, each under the charge of Qu Shuai. On this basis, according to the thinking method of "following the five elements" in Taiping Jing and the theory that the five elements coexist and resist each other, Zhang Jiao chose Jiazi Day in the year of Jiazi, that is, March 5th, the first year of Emperor Zhong Ping (184), to hold a great uprising.
At the beginning of February, leaders and believers from all sides began to make preparations. They used lime to write slogans such as "Jiazi" on the gates of Luoyang and the walls of state and county governments. Generous Qu Shuai first informed tens of thousands of believers in Jingzhou and Yangzhou to gather in Ye (Linzhang, Hebei) to prepare for the uprising. Therefore, the believers in charge of it began to concentrate on Yucheng. He went to Luoyang several times, demanding that Xu and Xu among eunuchs be treated as domestic servants, and held an uprising on March 5.
Ten days before the uprising, that is, around February 15th, Tang Zhou, a native of Jinan and a believer in Taiping Road, wrote to the government to report the uprising. Therefore, the court urgently captured Ma Yuanyi and divided the car into Luoyang; And urgently mobilized various forces to capture more than 1,000 followers of Zhang Jiao/KLOC-0. He also informed Jizhou to seize Zhang Jiao and his family.
Zhang Jiao and others discovered that things were exposed, that is, they informed all parties in various ways in the starry night and immediately rebelled. During the uprising, the insurgents first killed the captured corrupt officials and sacrificed them to heaven. During the uprising, Zhang Jiao's troops were all wrapped in the yellow turban insurrectionary (a symbol of the yellow sky), which was then called the "yellow turban insurrectionary army". Zhang Jiao calls himself "General Heaven", his younger brother Zhang Bao calls himself "General Earth" and his younger brother Sean calls himself "General Man". After the uprising began, the masses responded one after another, either joining the army as believers or sending food and clothes, and the uprising army developed rapidly. After the rebels occupied the towns, they often burned the government, killed greedy officials and distributed their property to the people. Corrupt officials usually use their power as a gift. They were frightened when they heard the arrival of the rebels. Like a lost dog, many of them have escaped.
After the death of Zhang Jiao, the Yellow Scarf Army in Jizhou was led by Sean and adhered to Guangzong. When the yellow turban insurrectionary army's fighting spirit slackened slightly, Huang Fusong led his troops to raid the enemy lines at dawn. In the afternoon, he successfully defeated the enemy, beheaded more than 30,000 people including Sean, drowned more than 50,000 people when he fled to the river bank, burned more than 30,000 vehicles and captured a large number of people. The opening angle was smashed and slaughtered, and the head was transported back to Beijing. 165438+ 10 In October, Huang Fusong and Guo Dian, the satrap of Julu, captured Quyang, successfully killed Zhang Bao and captured more than 100,000 people. The chaos of the Yellow Scarf Uprising subsided.
The Yellow Scarf Uprising led by Zhang Jiao impacted the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which directly led to the warlord's separatist regime and melee in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and then evolved into a three-legged situation. At the same time, it is also the first peasant uprising led by religion in the history of our country, which has far-reaching historical significance; It also laid a historical pattern for Taoism to spread and develop mainly in the lower classes of society in the future.