The historical period of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu was an era of fierce competition for survival. "The wise relied on strategy to establish themselves, and the brave relied on strength to practice the Way." The one who can stand out and be famous in history is not the Wei Kingdom. Sima Yi is none other than Sima Yi.

Sima Yi is a crucial figure in the history of the Three Kingdoms. Without him, the history of the Three Kingdoms' disputes would probably not have ended so quickly, and might have continued for decades more; without him, the great cause of unification of the Jin Dynasty that complied with the people's support would not have been so smooth and easy. It was he who inherited the power of Wei and the unification of Jin. He achieved great achievements like the Qin Emperor and the Han Emperor, and saved all the people of the world from the chaos of war. Therefore, he can be called "the hero of the world, a very heroic man."

Extraordinary people must have something extraordinary. The "Book of Jin" said that Sima Yi "had few extraordinary features, was smart and sagacious, erudite, and adhered to Confucianism. During the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, he was always worried about the world." In the author's opinion, what best highlights Sima Yi's ability to plan his own life are the words "smart and broad".

The ancients said: "A good bird chooses a tree to roost in, and a wise minister chooses his master to serve." In feudal society, a person's career achievements were mainly in the political and military aspects; and achievements in the political and military aspects all depended on the relationship between the individual and his superiors. Therefore, according to the four monarchs who assisted Sima Yi, his life plan can be roughly divided into four stages: the period of Emperor Wu of Wei, the period of Emperor Wen of Wei, the period of Emperor Wei Ming, and the period of Wei Shao Emperor Cao Fang.

1. The Period of Emperor Wu of Wei

First of all, we need to understand the personality characteristics and political style of Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao. Historical books say that Cao Cao "knew people well and was good at observing others, and could not dazzle with falsehoods. He created great achievements and performed both civil and military affairs." There is nothing left." He is a veritable "Lord of Heroes".

In addition, Cao Cao has a serious duality in his employment orientation of "both valuing talents and being jealous of talents; both employing and doubting talents." He valued the talents and strength of his subordinates, but he did not allow his subordinates' talents and strength to exceed what he and his descendants could control. "Three Kingdoms" records such an example: Zhou Buyi, a seventeen-year-old boy from Jingzhou, had few talents and was very smart. Cao Cao wanted to marry his daughter, but Zhou Buyi did not dare to accept her. Cao Cao's beloved son Cao Chong also had extraordinary wisdom and could be compared with Zhou Buyi. Later, Cao Chong died of illness. Cao Cao was jealous of Zhou Buji and wanted to get rid of him. Cao Pi thought it was impossible, and Cao Cao said, "This man is beyond your control." He then sent assassins to kill him. This case completely proves Cao Cao's "dual orientation" in employing people.

Sima Yi had a very deep understanding of Cao Cao's employment orientation. When he came to serve in the mountain, he was dissatisfied with Cao Cao's rebellion against the emperor and the princes. "Knowing that the fortunes of the Han Dynasty were weak, he did not want to compromise the Cao family." When Cao Cao admired his name and wanted to recruit him into his tent, he pretended to be suffering from "corruption". He used his "paralysis" syndrome as the reason for his refusal, and also used his superb acting skills of "lying still" to deceive the people sent by Cao Cao to spy on the truth. But you can deceive for a while, but you can't deceive for a lifetime. After Cao Cao became prime minister, he once again urged Sima Yi to serve as an official, and clearly threatened that "if Panhuan is restored, he will be taken away." At this time, Sima Yi knew that he was not strong enough to compete with the powerful Cao Cao, so he had no choice but to "take office out of fear". If the king and himself are rude to the first, how can the ministers be loyal to the latter? ! Obviously, in this extremely passive situation, although Sima Yi has joined Cao Cao's camp, it is difficult to immediately use his extraordinary ambitions and strategies.

Even if he entered the prime minister's house, Sima Yi was still very unsafe. "Book of Jin" records: "Emperor Wucha of Wei (referring to Sima Yi) had great ambitions. He heard that a wolf was looking at the prime minister. To test it, he ordered his envoys to go forward and look back. He faced backwards and did not move. He also tasted In the dream, three horses were eating in the same trough, which was very evil. Therefore, he said to Prince Pi: "Sima Yi is not a human minister, but he will interfere with your family affairs." It can be seen that Cao Cao's suspicion of him is so deep that he must get rid of him. "fast" point.

The first focus of Sima Yi's life plan at this time was to "keep a low profile, look forward and backward, and be wise and cautious". He decided to exchange his pragmatism and hard work for Cao Cao's trust, "so he worked diligently on his official duties, forgetting to sleep at night, and doing all the work between farming and herding, so Wei Wu's intention was settled." Yes, any monarch, when he sees such a minister who forgets his own interests, forgets to sleep and eat, and devotes himself to him, how can he have any ulterior motives to control him? In the end, Cao Cao finally accepted Sima Yi's allegiance and promoted him, so that he could go from being a "literary official" (official of documents) in the Prime Minister's Mansion to being the chief secretary of the Prime Minister's Mansion (equivalent to the current Secretary of the State Council). long).

But while protecting himself wisely, Sima Yi did not relax his training at all. This is the second focus of his life planning during this period. He found two role models in the prime minister's house at that time-Xun Yu and Cao Cao. It should be said that during his experience in the Prime Minister's Mansion, he was always learning from the strengths of these two role models. But Sima Yi noticed this: As a brilliant strategist, Xun Yu's strengths were limited to strategizing, and the space for development was too narrow. He could only hide behind the scenes, and could not gallop on the battlefield or step onto the big stage of history. But Cao Cao is different. He is a great tycoon who is "able to plan and fight", and his development space is broader than Xun Yu.

From the moment he noticed this, Sima Yi, who had always had the ambition of "ruling the country and bringing peace to the world", learned to train himself in a planned and step-by-step manner, gradually improving himself into a "well-rounded civil and military general, capable of serving as a general" who combined the strengths of Cao Cao and Xun Yu. A truly strong person who has entered the phase.

Finally, let’s talk about the most important and exciting part of Sima Yi’s life plan during the period of Emperor Wu of Wei—helping Cao Pi become the prince. "Book of Jin" tells about him: "After the Wei Kingdom was established, the prince moved to the throne as a concubine. Whenever he had a big plan, he often came up with a clever strategy, which was trusted by the prince." Confucianism says: "If you want to establish yourself, you must establish others first. If you want to establish yourself, you must establish others first." To get rid of the fate of being a middle-level bureaucrat, Sima Yi directly worked hard on Cao Pi. As long as he pushed Cao Pi, who was at a disadvantage in the battle for the throne, to the crown prince, he could become an auxiliary hero and enter the Wei Dynasty. The country's highest ruling class. So, he thought of various strategies and defeated the attacks of Cao Pi's political opponents, Cao Zhi's party, and finally made Cao Pi ascend to the position of prince. The success of this move directly affected Sima Yi's life. From then on, he gradually moved closer to the highest ruling class of Wei State.

During this period, from when Sima Yi first entered the Prime Minister's Palace when he was 29 years old, to when he turned 40 when Emperor Wu of Wei died, he "jumped up and soared into the sky" And it took eleven years.

In these eleven years, it can be seen that Sima Yi's life plan completely followed the Confucian approach to life: self-cultivation, family order, country governance, and world peace. Sima Yi firmly grasped the core link of Confucianism - "cultivation". Only if the "cultivation of one's moral character" is done solidly and well, the ambition of "ruling the country and bringing peace to the world" will not be a tree without roots or water without a source.

In Sima Yi’s view, the topic of “cultivating one’s moral character” can be embodied in the eight words “hide the weapon in one’s body and wait for the time to move”, that is, “knowing the current affairs”: according to the needs of the current situation, closely Connect with the actual situation and be guided by the ambition of governing the country and bringing peace to the world, solidly train your abilities in all aspects, and be ready to accept the tests and challenges of fate at any time. The most brilliant thing about him is that he always calculates very accurately when and under what circumstances he needs to highlight which aspect of his ability to stand out. Therefore, Sima Yi was able to rise quietly and unstoppably during the period of Emperor Wu of Wei.

His meteoric rise truly confirms the famous saying in "Xunzi": "Those who have no ambitions have no clear vision; those who do nothing with shame have no great achievements."

2. The period of Emperor Wen of Wei

It was during the period of Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi that Sima Yi truly ushered in a smooth stage of his life.

In the first month of spring in the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an, Sima Yi was forty years old. Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty and the king of Wei, died of illness in Luoyang. At that time, there were Cao Zhang's men outside the Wei Palace who came to seize power. There were signs of riots among soldiers and horses inside, and the remaining officials of the Han Dynasty were also ready to make a move. History books say: "When Wei Wu died in Luoyang, the government and the public were in danger." Sima Yi stepped forward resolutely at this time, "disciplined the funeral, and was solemn both inside and outside". He used his outstanding talents to calm the precarious situation, stabilize people's hearts, and persuaded Emperor Xian of Han to formally appoint Cao Pi as prime minister and king of Wei.

His initial display of skills further won Cao Pi's trust and importance. When Cao Pi became king of Wei, he immediately granted him the title of Marquis of Jinting, and was transferred to the post of Prime Minister Chang Shi, making him one of the core figures in the Wei palace.

At this time, Sima Yi had eliminated the threat of suppression everywhere during the reign of Emperor Wu of Wei, and could express his true feelings and show off his talents. He first planned the "rough strategy" of using the Wei Dynasty to accept Zen in the Han Dynasty. Later, he "stayed in Xuchang for Emperor Wei Wen's southern expedition to control the people internally and provide military supplies externally." He was called "Xiao He" by Emperor Wei Wen. When Emperor Wen of Wei was seriously ill, he still did not forget to appoint him, Cao Zhen, and Chen Qun as ministers of Gu Ming and Assistant Government, and ordered the crown prince Cao Rui: "Be careful not to doubt any of these three princes." It is obvious that Sima Yi has ranked among the top decision-makers of the Cao Wei regime.

Now we can analyze Sima Yi’s life plan during this period: First of all, if Cao Pi can be the prince and the emperor of Wei, the one who contributes the most and has the greatest credit should be Sima Yi (although it is not clearly described in the history books Sima Yi's various strategies further revealed his "yin" and "deepness"). Cao Pi himself was also very grateful to Sima Yi, so Sima Yi no longer needed to be afraid of the monarch's suspicion. In addition, Cao Pi gave him a relaxed development environment and a broad historical stage, which was an excellent pavement for him to "become a great leader and be qualified for great responsibilities".

However, Cao Pi has always liked to show off his power and enjoy great achievements. He has no military talent and loves to fight and kill. Therefore, in terms of martial arts, Sima Yi did not dare to expose his true talents and knowledge, allowing this extremely vain monarch to steal the limelight. But he kept his head down, shouldered the heavy responsibility of prime minister, and made achievements in civil affairs. At this time, Sima Yi didn't want to show off his talents and seemed a bit low-key. There was a reason for this: although Cao Pi trusted him very much, he still preferred to rely on his Cao clan relatives in terms of military affairs. And there is no need for Sima Yi to rush to show his intention to control the military - "first stabilize the internal situation, then take external measures." After all, the position of prime minister can also be regarded as a good platform for Sima Yi.

We can clearly see Sima Yi's specialties in acting independently at this time: far-sighted vision, profound strategy, initiative in dealing with problems, meticulous handling, no leaks, and no flaws. Therefore, he was able to truly rise steadily during the Cao Pi period and remain invincible.

When Cao Pi died, he was forty-seven years old. During the seven years that Cao Pi was emperor, Sima Yi ushered in a period of great glory. But in these seven years, his stage was not broad enough. He just silently consolidated the foundation of the Wei family from behind. But Sima Yi was no longer content to hide behind the scenes. He was ready to show off his talents on the front stage of history. And that opportunity is coming soon.

3. The Period of Emperor Ming of Wei

In 227 AD, the first year of Wei Taihe, Cao Pi's son Cao Rui ascended the throne as Emperor Ming. He gave Sima Yi the opportunity to show his military talents. At that time, Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu State led tens of thousands of troops to besiege Jiangxia City in Wei State, and sent generals Zhuge Jin and Zhang Ba to attack Xiangyang City. Sima Yi immediately led his army to attack and defeated the Wu invaders. Zhuge Jin escaped and Zhang Ba was beheaded. Sima Yi's outstanding military exploits were immediately rewarded, and he was appointed General of the Hussars.

At this point, Sima Yi can open a government and manage affairs - with his own office and an army under his command, he can cultivate his own strength. Wu Zhi, a veteran minister who was one of Cao Pi's "Four Friends of the East Palace", also praised him in front of Cao Rui: "loyal and wise, a minister of the country". Sima Yi's prestige grew day by day.

With the death of Cao Zhen, the most powerful minister of the Zong family in the Wei family, Sima Yi began to dominate the Wei military and political circles. Emperor Wei Ming's liberal appointment of him was more conducive to the further development of his literary, Taoist and military strategies. During the reign of Emperor Wei Ming, he successfully transformed from a counselor to a military commander full of drama. His hidden military talents were further brought into full play. During the thirteen years of Emperor Ming's reign, he rebelled against his minister Meng Da in Nanping, resisted Zhuge Liang in the west, and destroyed Gongsun Yuan in the north. When you use troops, you can change like a god and go forward in any direction."

The focus of Sima Yi's life plan at this time was to use his outstanding military achievements to consolidate his political status, and at the same time use the strategy of "raising bandits to respect himself" to slowly erode the military and political foundation of the Wei family.

It should be said that at this time, Sima Yi's vision was not limited to maintaining the security of the Wei Dynasty. He had already begun to implement the ambition and strategy of "clearing thousands of miles, uniting the eight wastelands, and bringing peace to the world." When he was a boy, he was "generously worried about the world". When he was approaching old age, he finally got the opportunity and conditions to "relieve the worries of the world and relieve the difficulties of all people". This process took him painstaking efforts for thirty-seven years!

First of all, let’s look at Sima Yi’s first brilliant military move—the capture and destruction of the traitor Meng Da in ten months. He was a master of rapid marches and stealth marches. When he suddenly dropped troops from the sky and came to Shangyong City, Meng Da was still dreaming of his spring and autumn dream! So, poor Meng Da was swept away by him quickly and forcefully, cleanly and without any sloppiness. This shows the characteristics of Sima Yi's military use: when it is quiet, it is hidden under the nine earths, making people unable to detect it; when it is moving, it is launched above the nine heavens, which makes people unprepared. When discussing military affairs with Emperor Ming, he said to himself: "Whenever you attack the enemy, you must first choke his throat and pound his heart." It is even more obvious that he was good at concentrating superior forces to directly attack the enemy's vital points. Therefore, he often just doesn't fire, and he will hit the target when he fires, and the enemy will be killed in the unpredictable situation of ghosts and gods.

But why didn't he adopt such agile, decisive and fierce tactics when he faced Zhuge Liang? This is exactly what the author wants to talk about - the focus of his life plan is not to show off his military prowess, but to implement his general plan of "wiping out the Three Kingdoms and unifying the world"!

Let’s carefully analyze the Battle of Qishan between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi. This was a protracted war. Sima Yi fought for a full six years from the age of 49 to 55. It created Zhuge Liang's eternal reputation of "dedicated himself to death" and also achieved Sima Yi's "sweeping the Three Kingdoms and unifying the world". "Strong capital. Influenced by Luo Guanzhong's "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", people always think that Sima Yi is inferior to Zhuge Liang in military ability and is led by Zhuge Liang in everything. However, according to historical records, this is not the case at all. First, we need to understand their real purpose in the battle at Qishan. Zhuge Liang's strategic purpose is simple: capture the Central Plains, eliminate Cao Wei, and restore the Han Dynasty. Sima Yi's strategic purpose was much more complicated: first, to defeat the Shu army's attack; second, to accumulate strength and replace Cao Wei with Cao Wei; third, to raise troops for a thousand days and wait for an opportunity to unify the world. These multiple strategic purposes made Sima Yi seem a bit passive on the surface. But according to his own strategic purpose, his first step was to achieve a balanced strategy to maintain the status quo: on the one hand, he prevented Zhuge Liang from gaining a big advantage and posing a fatal threat to Wei and himself; on the other hand, he could not defeat Zhuge Liang, but also maintained Zhuge Liang's power. Attack power. If the "Empty City Strategy" is a true historical fact, it verifies Sima Yi's balanced strategy - therefore, he would rather be called "fearing Shu like a tiger" by his subordinates than rush into the small county of Xicheng to catch Zhuge Liang. If he really catches Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi will have no choice but to repeat the dramatic fate of "the rabbit died and the dog was cooked" by the heroes of the past.

In the second step, Sima Yi implemented the strategy of "stealing heaven and replacing sun" to usurp the throne. During the Battle of Qishan, he slowly established his absolute authority in the army, eliminated dissidents in the army, reused generals loyal to him such as Niu Jin and Guo Huai, and consolidated the foundation of his military power. We can verify it through later history. When his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao rebelled against Wei, few Wei ministers stood up to resist, and there were even only a few mentions in history books.

The Cao family's regime collapsed like a house of paper. This amount of accumulation was not what Sima Shi and Sima Zhao could achieve at that time. It should be the paving the way for his sons that Sima Yi started to prepare for his sons from the time he took control of the military and political power.

The third step is that Sima Yi has already begun to accumulate the capital to "wipe out Wu and Shu and unify the world" in the Battle of Qishan. He commanded the army to confront Zhuge Liang. He must avoid big battles and welcome small battles. He trained his sergeants with actual combat and raised the military prestige with actual combat. He successfully established an army capable of conquering and fighting, and made preparations for the future elimination of Wu and Shu and the unification of the world. Military preparation. The generals Guo Huai, Wang Chang, Deng Ai and other talents who fought against Wu and destroyed Shu in the later period of the Wei Kingdom were trained and promoted by Sima Yi during the Battle of Qishan.

In the fourth step, Sima Yi has begun to train the successors of his career-his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao. He brought his two sons to the Battle of Qishan to receive training in blood and fire, life and death, making sufficient quality preparations for them to successfully inherit his career of "unifying the world" in the future.

These four steps were Sima Yi’s real career in the confrontation at Qishan, and they were also a stroke of genius in his life planning during this period. Although he did not seem to have achieved a superficial victory in his confrontation with Zhuge Liang, all of his strategic goals were achieved. This was his greatest victory - not to mention that he also dragged Zhuge Liang to death due to overwork.

Not long after Zhuge Liang's death, Sima Yi returned to the court and was sent by Cao Rui to Liaodong to attack Gongsun Yuan. This was a large-scale expeditionary campaign, but Sima Yi, who used his troops like a god, only led 40,000 troops. "Go for a hundred days, return for a hundred days, attack for a hundred days, and rest for sixty days." It only took one year. , then completely wiped out Gongsun Yuan and consolidated Wei's rear.

At this time, Cao Rui was seriously ill, and a battle for the transfer of power in the court began again. Sima Yi took great pains to place the "internal responders" beside Emperor Ming - Liu Fang, the eunuch of Wei Zhongshu, and Sun Zi, the Zhongshu Ling. They worked hard to push Sima Yi, who had returned victoriously from thousands of miles away, to the position of assisting the government once again. At this point, Sima Yi, as a "veteran of three dynasties", returned to Wei's political arena, and a new journey began at his feet. Although Sima Yi was already over 60 years old at this time, his ambition remained the same as before, and he was actively preparing to build on the past and create greater glories in the future. Only now did Wu and Shu feel the huge threat posed by Sima Yi. However, it was too late. There was no one in their country who could stand up to Sima Yi.

4. The period of Wei Shao Emperor Cao Fang

During the period of Wei Shao Emperor Cao Fang, Sima Yi had reached the pinnacle of power. At this time, there should be no one who can stop him from displaying his talents. He relied on the prestige of "the elder of the four dynasties" and the talents and virtues of "Yi Yin and Zhou Gong", and no one dared to compete with his foresight. Every decision and action he made on Wei's military and political affairs was flawless.

But Cao Shuang, another auxiliary minister who takes orders from others, is afraid that the Sima family will one day monopolize government affairs. So he used the technique of "wanting to suppress before promoting", respecting Sima Yi as his father, and elected him as "Taifu", which showed his respect, but in fact took away his military and political power.

Sima Yi had an empty name but no real power, and ten years passed in a flash. In the past ten years, he has shown weakness at every turn, holding back and waiting to see what happens. Sure enough, Cao Shuang became arrogant and arrogant after becoming complacent. He was domineering and unruly, causing the ministers to become disloyal, material discussions boiling over, and the power of Wei gradually weakened.

This was intolerable to Sima Yi. He could tolerate Cao Shuang seizing power, and he could tolerate Cao Shuang's misbehavior, but he could never tolerate Cao Shuang destroying the foundation of his great cause of "unifying the world" that he had worked hard to lay for Wei. He has been working tirelessly for nearly 40 years to achieve his ambition of "promoting excellence and benefiting the world". How could he let the ignorant kid Cao Shuang stop him!

As a result, the "Gaopingling Incident" inevitably happened. Cao Shuang's faction was destroyed by Sima Yi with thunderous means.

When Sima Yi finally dealt with Cao Shuang, he used the method of "cutting the grass and eradicating the roots" to wipe out all the Cao family members. This move even aroused opposition from his good friend Jiang Ji. But he must do it. Only by leaving no future troubles can the stability of the government be guaranteed! Moreover, Sima Yi has embarked on a road of no return to break with the Cao Wei regime.

In 251 AD, the third year of Wei Jiaping, Sima Yi was seventy-two years old. After he got rid of his last political enemy Wang Ling, he died of illness in Luoyang. It can be said that "life never stops and the battle never stops."

Before Sima Yi died, he called his two sons, Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, to the bedside and said: "I served in the Wei Dynasty during the last years. I was awarded the title of Taifu, and the position of minister is very high. Everyone suspects that I have something different. I am afraid. After my death, you two are good at managing the country's affairs. Be careful!"

There may be two meanings for Sima Yi's words: one is that Let the second son be good at managing the country's affairs and not have any different ambitions; secondly, let the second son be good at protecting the country's affairs and not easily entrust it to others. But regardless of whether Sima Yi himself has different aspirations, one thing is certain, that is, through his unremitting management and hard work, he has created the best political, military and economic conditions for the careers of future generations. After Sima Yi's death, Sima Shi and Sima Zhao were named generals and hussars generals respectively, and were in charge of secret affairs. From then on, for Cao Wei, the emperor's power was weak but the country's power was strong, and all military and political power fell to the Sima family.

“Mountains and seas compete for water, and the water must return to the sea. If the sea does not seek it, the tide will follow.

"After Sima Yi, the general trend of the world that appeared in front of Sima Zhao and Sima Yan can be said to be "looking down from a high place, as powerful as splitting bamboo." All they have to do is to go down the river to fulfill a certain inevitable given by history. .

In 262 AD, Wei general Deng Ai sneaked into Yinping and successfully attacked Chengdu. The following year, the Queen of Shu Liu Chan surrendered to Wei. At this point, the Shu-Han regime finally came to an end after 42 years. /p>

In 265 AD, Sima Yan, the son of Sima Zhao, forced the lord of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate. Sima Yan ascended the throne and changed the name of the country to Jin; in 280 AD, Sima Yan invaded the state of Wu, and the lord of Wu, Sun Hao, surrendered to Jin, and the state of Wu was destroyed. . This ended the seventy-two-year melee between the Wei, Shu, and Wu kingdoms. This was the "three-point return to Jin" in Chinese history.

Summary

Sima Yi was. A Confucian genius who is a politician, military strategist, and political strategist. Of course, this is the nature that people assigned him after his success.

People would say that Confucianism is based on "loyalty and filial piety." Sima Yi was not a pure minister of Wei, and he was not entirely loyal to the Cao family. How could he be said to be a Confucian genius? In fact, the foundation of Confucianism is the word "benevolence". This is not " Isn't this "benevolence"? Sima Yi eliminated the disputes in the troubled times, unified the world, and saved all the people from the flames of war. Isn't this "benevolence"? - "Benevolence" is greater than "loyalty"! This is the view that a true Confucian should hold .

Because benevolence is invincible, Sima Yi is invincible.

Sima Yi went from an ambitious and talented young man to a world-famous genius in domestic and military affairs, and then to a hero who ruled the country and brought peace to the world. . This is entirely due to his flawless life planning. In every important opportunity period in his life, he can always seize the best time to take action, and he will achieve fruitful results, which is commendable.

What is more valuable is that he can endure: facing Cao Cao's discrimination and oppression, he can endure; facing the exclusion and frame-up of his colleagues, he can endure; facing Zhuge Liang's "humiliation of a heroine," he can He could endure the bullying of his junior Cao Shuang. The most brilliant highlight of his life plan was his "forbearance" - perseverance to achieve success. The word "forbearance" runs through Sima Yi. His entire life plan; the word "forbearance" created Sima Yi, the emperor through the ages.