First, the overall grasp

This poem is an early work of Du Fu. In the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (736), the young poet left Chang 'an to visit relatives in Yanzhou (now Shandong Province) -his father Du Xian was Sima of Yanzhou at that time. After about three or four years, he has been roaming around Shandong and Hebei and made many friends. This poem was written in this period. This poem enthusiastically praised the maje stic momentum and magical and beautiful scenery of Mount Tai, and also revealed the poet's great ambition in his early years. It has always been regarded as a famous work of singing Mount Tai.

The whole poem can be divided into two layers, both of which are engraved with the word "Wang".

The first two couplets are on the first floor, focusing on the overall image of Mount Tai. "How magnificent Mount Tai is! ? Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. He wrote down what he saw from a distance. Mount Tai was located between Qi and Lu in ancient times, with Qi in the north and Lu in the south. The "green" of Qilu is the result of the shadow of Mount Tai. " "Unfinished" means endless meaning. Here, what the poet wants to say is, do you want to know what Mount Tai looks like? Look, its green mountains cover the vast Qilu Plain. This is to use Qilu land and Qilu land to contrast the image of Mount Tai, which rises from the ground and stands tall. "The creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ",this is close to see. The last sentence uses a virtual pen to write the beauty of Mount Tai. Why use a virtual pen? Because the beauty of Mount Tai is really a long story, it is better to write that the creator has a special liking for Mount Tai, which is a strong feeling of the poet and a reflection of the beauty of Mount Tai in the poet's heart. The next sentence is about the height of Mount Tai, which is a real text. " "Yin and Yang" refers to the north and south sides of the mountain. Shannan gets sunshine first, so it is easy to know; There is no sunshine in the north of the mountain, and it is still sleepy at dawn. The word "cut" is exquisite and refined. Looking from the north of the mountain, the sunlight shining on the earth seems to be cut off by a huge knife, highlighting the image of Mount Tai covering the sun.

The last two couplets are the second largest, and they also describe the scenery of Mount Tai, but they focus on the poet's feelings. "Ceng Yun, birds are flying back and forth in front of my nervous eyes." It is a real scene, but take a closer look at what you see. Mount Tai is so high that you can see clouds on the mountainside during the day. Deep, at dusk, you can see the homing birds gradually disappearing into the valley. The poet grasped the details of these two scenes to express his emotional excitem ent and broaden his horizons, and then naturally wrote down his heart: "Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that other mountains look short under the sky." This is Confucius' famous saying: "Climbing Mount Tai is a small world". But it has profo und meaning when used here: it is not only a poet's oath to climb the top of Mount Tai, but also a poet's oath to climb the peak of life. In his early years, the poet "stole rice and made a pact" ("Chanting 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian") often took it as his responsibility to "be Yao and Shun to the monarch and then make the customs pure" ("Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes") . Without such feelings, he could not write such touching poems.

Although this poem consists of eight poems, four in quadruplicate and two antithetical sentences in the middle, it is not a metrical poem, but an ancient poem. It doesn't pay attention to flat and rhyming, but is based on flat and rhyming.

Second, the problem research

Wang Yue's Artistic Features

Du Fu has been to the top of Mount Tai, but he didn't write a poem about it. This is what he mentioned in the poem "Going to the Foot of the Backyard Thirty Years Later": "I traveled in Shan dong and recalled playing in Yueyang. In the poor autumn, I look at the sun, and I look at the eight shortages. " "Sun View", that is, the peak view of the sun, is located in the southeast of Mount Tai, which is the best place for tourists to watch the sunrise. With Du Fu's talent, it is not difficult to write more songs, but why didn't he write them? We might as well do some speculation-from the perspective of future generations, this is probably because the poem "Looking at the Moon" has already written the shape and spirit of Mount Tai, fully demonstrating the poet's talent, and it really doesn't need to be written again. Reading this poem, we feel the sublime, profound and magical beauty of Mount Tai, and at the same time, we seem to see the poet's unique and independent image. In particular, reading his last couplets makes people think, as if they were wandering on the top of Mount Tai with poets, and further feel the spirit of Mount Tai overlooking the mountains and their ambition to save the world as teenagers, just like watching a fire. Because of its profound artistic conception, this poem has always been regarded as the swan song of singing Mount Tai.

Here, let's compare Li Bai's poems on Mount Tai. * * * Six poems, 480 words, many, and many beautiful sentences, but the artistic conception is inferior. The reason is that Li Bai looks at Mount Tai from the perspective of seeking immortality and writes Mount Tai as a heaven far away from the world. Examples are as follows:

"She has four or five people, floating under nine beggars. Smiled and held hands, leaving me a Xiaxia cup. " ( 1)

"Mountain meets feather, the pupil looks good. I want to talk, but I cover up Qingyun. " (2)

"Occasionally, children's values, green hair and double clouds." (3)

"There are gains in chanting, and the gods defend me." (4)

"Myanmar cranes go to the fairy, and there is no trace in the clouds." (5)

"You Xian is in Bifeng, singing everywhere." (6)

Li Bai is good at imagination, but this group of poems gives people the impression that there are immortals everywhere in Mount Tai, which is detrimental to the realistic characteristics of Mount Tai. The predecessors once said that "Wang Yue" can "overlook" Shili, which is indeed an unpublished theory.

Second, the reference materials about Wang Yue.

1. Comments on Du Fu's Poems in Autumn

This hope was also made by Dongyue. The poem uses four layers of freehand brushwork: the distant color of the first couplet, the distant trend of the second couplet, the scene of the third couplet and the feeling of the last couplet. There are six real narratives on the top and two virtual copies on the bottom. Dai zhong's words are far-sighted in his mind. From Qi to Lu, his youth is not exhausted and his words are lofty. Rising from the ground, the beauty of God is special. Sit in the sky and you will be judged here. The second language is strange and steep. Du Yi of Wang Si said that "swingi ng your chest" is very powerful. The breadth of vision of the sentence "decision" The public body is in Yuelu Mountain, but the person who wandered to the top of Dingyue Mountain said, "Other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." They have discovered it quietly, so they must climb to the top again. Du sentence has the method of upper cause and lower cause: the chest swing is caused by Zeng Yunsheng, and the upper word is caused by the lower; When you decide, you will see the bird entering, and the last three words are due to the top. Because of this, inverted sentences are also; The lower the reason, the higher the sentence. Finally, it means to climb Mount Tai, a small world.

2. Appreciation of Examples (Xiao Difei)

There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began to wander. This poem was written when Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) visited the north. It is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu, and its lines are filled with the vitality of young Du Fu.

There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. The distance is from far to near, and the time is from morning till night. Wang Yue thinks about the future and climbs to Yue.

The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. My admiration and admiration are very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked."

"Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu" is the answer after some imitation, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using the general language of "Cui pricks the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but it has written its own experience in an ingenious way-beyond the border between the two countries in ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, setting off the height of Mount Tai with a long distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed.

The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang " and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because of the height of the mountain, the dusk in the sky is judged to be cut on both sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting dusk" "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth.

"Ceng Yun, birds are flying back and forth in front of my nervous eyes." Two sentences were written. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eyes were going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the motherland.

"Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking a t Yue. "Hui" is the spoken language of the Tang people, which means "ultimately important". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "It must be a dusty thing, covering the Spring Bamboo Pavilion." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this vertical shaft one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should".

From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our strong * * *. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi State" in politics and "f rustrated with Lei Jia and short-sighted with Cao Liu Wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai.

(Selected from Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1983 edition)