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Ming Taizu
Ming Taizu (1328-1398),
Zhu Yuanzhang, (1328～1398 ) Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. That is Taizu of Ming Dynasty. His childhood name was Chongba, also known as Xingzong, with the courtesy name Guoduan. A native of Zhongli, Haozhou (now east of Fengyang, Anhui). Born into poverty, he became a monk in Huangjue Temple when he was young. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Zixing participated in the Red Scarf Army and his subordinates rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty. He was called Wu Guogong and later King of Wu. He destroyed Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng, sent troops to the Northern Expedition, conquered Yanjing, and became an emperor in 15 years. The reign name is Hongwu. Culturally, Confucianism is promoted and Confucius is respected as a saint. On Confucius as "a good view of governing the country". To collect thousands of books, during the war, he ordered his subordinates to visit and seek books. In the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1368), he moved to the Northern Expedition and ordered General Xu Da to go to Beijing to receive the Yuan Dynasty royal collection and transport it to Nanjing. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), an edict was issued to collect private collections of books and build the "Dabentang" as a collection place. In the tenth year of Hongwu (1378), he also ordered "a minister to visit and ask for this year's books and hide them in the inner palace for viewing." And "whenever there is nothing going on in the palace, I always pick up Confucius' words and observe them", in order to achieve the purpose of "ruling the country with education first". His posthumous title was Emperor Gao, and his temple name was Taizu.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His real name is Chongba, also known as Xingzong, and his courtesy name is Guorui. When he was 17 years old, his father, mother, and brother all died of the plague and he was left alone, so he had no choice but to become a monk in Huangjue Temple. Soon he traveled and ate in the Huaixi area as a traveling boy. His ancestral home is Peixian County, Jiangsu Province, and his ancestors and father settled in Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui Province).
In the eleventh year of Emperor Shun’s reign (1351), the Red Turban Peasant Uprising broke out. The following year, Zhu Yuanzhang surrendered to Guo Zixing's subordinates on the first day of the third month of the twelfth year of Zhizheng. Zixing saw that Yuanzhang's appearance was very majestic and different from ordinary people, so he retained him as a trusted soldier. He led his troops on many expeditions, and he was sure to conquer any attack. Zixing was overjoyed and was appointed governor of the town. He gave his adopted daughter Ma to Yuan Zhang as his wife, who later became Empress Gao. In March of the 15th year of the Zhengzheng Period, Guo Zixing died of illness, and his son Guo Tianxu led them on his behalf. At that time, Han Lin'er issued an edict and appointed Tianxu as the marshal of the capital, Zhang Tianyou as the deputy marshal on the right, and Zhu Yuanzhang as the deputy marshal on the left. Zhu Yuanzhang said with emotion: "A real man would rather be controlled by others!" So he refused. However, Nian Lin'er was powerful and could be used to become an emperor, so he used his reign title to command the army. In September, both Guo Tianxu and Zhang Tianyou were killed in battle, so all Guo Zixing's troops returned to Taizu. Zhu Yuanzhang led his army to cut off the cable and cross the river, collect quarries (southwest of today's Ma'anshan, Anhui), and go to Taiping (now Dangtu, Anhui). In the following year, he captured Jiqing (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and changed its name to Yingtian. After that, Zhu Yuanzhang took Yingtian as his base and successively captured Changzhou, Jiangyin, Changshu, Huizhou (today's She County, Anhui), Yangzhou and other places; he also accepted the suggestion of Zhu Shengsheng, an old scholar in Huizhou, to build walls, accumulate grain, and delay becoming king. In Yingtiantuntian, water conservancy projects were built and agricultural production resumed.
After Zhu Yuanzhang eliminated the isolated Yuan army in the southeast, he began to compete with various separatist forces in the late Yuan Dynasty. In February of the 23rd year of Zhengzheng (1363), Zhang Shicheng sent general Lu Zhen to surround Anfeng and kill Liu Futong. Han Lin'er sent someone to seek help from Zhu Yuanzhang, but Liu Ji (Bo Wen) warned Zhu Yuanzhang not to send help. Taizu said: "King Xiao Ming was surrounded very urgently. I gave him the title of Dragon and Phoenix. I couldn't bear to stand by and watch, so I had to go to rescue him." Then he led Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to rescue him, drove Lu Zhen away, and welcomed Lin'er back. Chuzhou. At this time, King Xiao Ming had become Taizu's puppet, but Zhu Yuanzhang still gave him the title of Dragon and Phoenix to make use of the topic. In the 23rd year, he fought a decisive battle with Chen Youliang at Poyang Lake, and Youliang was defeated and died.
In the first month of the 24th year of Zhengzheng (1364), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself King of Wu, established a hundred official subordinates, used all the titles and titles, and had official certificates, and he was called Emperor Yun (little prince). King Ming)'s imperial edict, King Wu's (Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang)'s edict. In the 27th year, Zhang Shicheng was captured. In December of the 26th year of Zhizheng (1366), Liu Jimi reported to Taizu that he ordered Liao Yongzhong to go to Guabu and overturn Lin'er's boat in the name of welcoming Lin'er to the south. It sank in the water and was drowned. .
After Han Lin'er died, Zhu Yuanzhang became the supreme leader. So Zhu Yuanzhang changed the next year to the first year of Wu (1367). After that, while he was conquering Dongfang Guozhen in Zhejiang Province and Chen Youding in Fujian Province in the south, he sent a large army to the north to conquer the Central Plains and issued a proclamation to the officials and people in the north. The proclamation put forward the program of expelling the barbarians, restoring China, establishing a program of discipline, and relieving the people of Sri Lanka, which was very appealing to the people of the north to resist national oppression.
It advocates integrating troops into agriculture, farming and fighting, and maintaining a strong armed force. His military thoughts had a great influence on later generations.
He instituted unjust prisons, killed meritorious officials, established royal guards, and implemented brutal autocratic rule over the officials and people. He abolished the prime minister system and suppressed the assistance of capable officials, making it easier for powerful ministers and eunuchs to control the political power, which led to the monopoly of eunuchs in the late Ming Dynasty. Civil unrest broke out.
In order to consolidate the country forever, Zhu Yuanzhang restored the enfeoffment system of the Zhou Dynasty, enfeoffed his sons to all parts of the country, and commanded the army. The nine frontier vassal kings in the north commanded the most troops, and Zhu Di was one of them. . Due to the excessive power of the vassal kings, when Taizu of the Ming Dynasty was still alive, some officials wrote a letter, taking the Rebellion of the Eight Kings of Jin as an example, blaming Taizu for the hidden dangers of enfeoffment. But Ming Taizu did not express his position. In the later years of Taizu, the military power of the kings became increasingly powerful, especially the king of Yan Zhu Di and the king of Ning Zhu Quan. Zhu Yunwen, the grandson of the emperor, once worried about how he could restrain these uncles who held heavy troops once his grandfather collapsed. Only four years after the death of Ming Taizu, Zhu Yunwen's regime was overthrown by his fourth uncle Zhu Di. As soon as Zhu Di came to power, he eliminated the military power of the vassal king. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the vassal king only had a false name but no real power.