Classroom teaching is the main position to implement quality education, and the cultivation of practical ability and innovative spirit should first be broken through classroom teaching. Improving the efficiency of classroom teaching has become the primary task at present. The so-called "efficient classroom" is a teaching activity that uses as little time as possible to obtain the maximum teaching benefit. To carry out "efficient classroom" discussion, its guiding ideology can be summarized as two lightening and two improving: lightening teachers' teaching burden, lightening students' academic burden, improving teachers' teaching efficiency and improving students' learning efficiency. Finally, the purpose of improving the overall education and teaching quality of the school is achieved. This is also the fundamental meaning of building a harmonious campus and a happy campus.
The "efficient classroom" mainly discusses two aspects, namely, teachers and students, that is, teaching and learning, and the relationship between them. Teachers learn to teach and engage in teaching, and teaching is the process of how to assimilate knowledge into students, and make it clear by myself. In classroom teaching, all students are not at the same level of understanding, and experienced teachers will take care of one success in teaching, which is efficiency. However, some teachers have repeatedly said that this can not be understood as tireless teaching, but can only explain the level of teachers. Teaching should be efficient and effective, and so should learning. Instruct students to learn how to accept knowledge and guide them to learn to think. With the correct way of thinking, you can understand quickly, accept quickly and remember firmly. Usually, when we talk about preparing lessons, we should prepare both teaching materials and students. How to prepare students? That is to be clear about students' foundation, thinking and acceptance. Therefore, the discussion of "efficient classroom" must first affirm these two aspects, that is, how teachers teach and how students learn. Only by organically combining the two can we achieve high efficiency.
"Efficient classroom" has scientific quantitative indicators, but in general, it must meet the following three requirements:
1. First, teachers' mood should be calm, not too passionate and depressed, so that students can be in the best state of excitement and inhibition psychologically. Psychological research shows that this state is the most favorable. The second is to fill students with the pleasure of seeking knowledge, arouse students' good emotions and form interaction. Third, the sense of rhythm and logic in the classroom is suitable for the content of classroom teaching.
2. Harmony. Refers to the relationship between teachers and students in the whole classroom. This atmosphere should be created by teachers, and this relationship can be reflected from emotion to curiosity and the induction and interaction of the whole classroom.
3. Less input and more output. This is the benefit. One thing in our classroom is established, that is, time. In this time, it is necessary to study how to improve efficiency, and it is not necessary to set up a self-contained framework. It is efficient to successfully complete the task in the least time to achieve the teaching goal.
So how can we create an efficient classroom?
1. Teachers
1. Adequate preparation before class
As we know, the classroom without default is laissez-faire, chaotic and inevitably inefficient. In order to create an efficient classroom and make full use of every second of these forty-five minutes, it is very important to make adequate preparation before class. We can't waste time because of our inadequate presupposition and unclear goal, and the ineffective regulation of classroom instant generation. According to the physical and mental characteristics of students in different age groups, the new "Standard" has made scientific and specific provisions on the teaching objectives of different classes. This requires us to study the Standard carefully, and when making teaching objectives, we should strictly follow the requirements of the Standard. First of all, the orientation of teaching objectives should be moderate and difficult. Just like playing basketball, the basket is too high, and students can't throw it in no matter how hard they try, so they naturally lose confidence; And the basket is too low, students will easily pour into the basket, and of course there will be no joy in overcoming difficulties. Secondly, when making teaching goals, teachers should fully consider the unity of three-dimensional goals. Knowledge and skills, emotional attitude and values, process and method are equally important and indispensable. Thirdly, the formulation of teaching objectives should also take into account three levels: good, medium and poor. According to the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, the formulation of teaching objectives should also vary from person to person, and the goals required by students at different levels are also different, so it is necessary to avoid generalizing. It is necessary to ensure that more than 8% of the students in the classroom master more than 8% of the classroom teaching content. For top students, we can extend some slightly challenging exercises after class; For those underachievers, we can also make some shallow requirements for them, so that they can step by step.
In addition, it is necessary to clarify the key points and difficulties in each class, instead of covering everything, and don't grab the beard and eyebrows; Understand the difficulties in students' learning process and focus on breaking through; Reasonably speaking and practicing, each class should have in-depth information feedback and adjustment to ensure the achievement of goals in each class.
2. Active classroom state
As long as students' thinking is always in an active state, they actively explore knowledge and try to turn newly acquired knowledge into ability, I think this is an efficient class and a successful class.
Teachers should be good at using various educational methods flexibly according to specific educational situations, find and cultivate innovative talents, and become the developers of students' creative potential. In all aspects of organizing classroom teaching, teachers should always bear in mind that students are the center of classroom teaching, and carefully design methods that can arouse students' initiative in classroom learning. The effect of classroom teaching is ultimately reflected in students. Only through students' personal practice and understanding can they acquire knowledge, which is the best way to learn. Therefore, in the teaching process, it is necessary to completely change the traditional teaching mode and concept of "injecting, cramming, teachers talking and students listening" and forcibly "cramming" knowledge into students' brains. Teachers should change from a "speaker" to a "screenwriter" and a "director", and create a scene that enables students to really learn by doing, just like a director telling an actor a play, so as to promote them to consciously and actively learn knowledge and think. Of course, we should not only pay attention to the mastery of students' double basics, but also stimulate students' interest in learning with humorous and infectious language and examples in class, cultivate their confidence in learning and promote the comprehensive achievement of three-dimensional goals.
3. Scientific instruction in learning methods
Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, pointed out: "I think a good teacher is not teaching, not teaching students, but teaching students to learn." Therefore, while imparting knowledge, teachers should also pay attention to the guidance of learning methods and help students master scientific cognitive methods. Scientific learning methods provide an important guarantee for creating efficient classrooms.
We should encourage students to dare to ask questions, guide students to ask questions, and then discover problems. We should give students time and space to question, so that students can question at any time. Being able to question is the development of thinking and the improvement of ability. Through questioning, students can get beneficial thinking training, change "learning" into "learning", and form the habit of thinking diligently by "finding problems-analyzing problems-solving problems-rediscovering problems".
In the process of teaching, we should really give full play to students' dominant position. This requires a fundamental change in our teachers' teaching methods. We should let students learn first, and let them read books and study by themselves under the guidance of the guidance outline according to the teaching objectives revealed by the teacher. Then the teacher will carry out the next "teaching" according to the students' self-study. In this process of "teaching", what teachers should do is to "teach them to fish". Let students find problems by themselves in self-study and find solutions by themselves. In this process, teachers should guide students to participate in cooperative inquiry according to the problems exposed by students. Let the teacher's "teaching" and students' autonomous learning be completely integrated.
4. Appropriate incentive mechanism
The class should be open to all students. Training students to make up the difference is not after class, but an important part of classroom teaching. Facts have shown that students who make up lessons after class have no better grades than those who don't. Therefore, it is particularly worthy of our attention to strengthen the training and make-up work in classroom teaching, especially the make-up work. Make-up, first of all, is to "cure laziness". The reason why poor students become poor students is first of all "laziness", including laziness in thinking and laziness in practice. Laziness in thinking is often manifested in absentmindedness and inattention in the process of learning; Laziness in practice is manifested in slow practice speed, untimely completion of homework and procrastination of homework. In view of the above situation, effective measures should be taken to strengthen "quick questioning" in the classroom, increase the density of questioning, and ask poor students to answer some slightly simple questions, so that they can form a certain degree of self-confidence; The second is to give them the opportunity to perform, so that they can develop good practice habits; Third, the classroom work is clear, and teachers should strictly supervise and not give them the opportunity to copy; Fourth, they should not be allowed to procrastinate on their homework. Once found, they should be criticized in time and dealt with strictly.
We should not only encourage students to improve their grades, but also encourage students to form good study habits, and encourage students to speak actively, practice seriously and finish their homework in time. Our proper motivation is to prepare for all students to learn efficiently and to achieve a larger and more efficient classroom.
second, students
1. preview habits before class
preview is not just reading books, but also thinking about some basic questions: what is it? Why? Is this all right? What is the connection with previous knowledge? Wait a minute. In this way, the class will be targeted, will focus on key points, attack difficult points, and the class will naturally be effective.
2. Classroom study habits:
In class, we should "listen to the sound, read every word, use your hands and brains, and study hard". Sit on the stool and stand up straight when you stand up; Look at the teacher while attending the class. Some key contents should be sketched in the textbook, and others should be recorded in the blank space of the textbook or in the notebook. Teachers should look at the blackboard when writing on the blackboard; Teachers should think positively when asking questions, dare to express their opinions, and ask teachers in time if they don't understand questions; Hold the book on your chest when you answer the questions in the textbook, and your voice should be loud; When writing, you should write correctly and carefully, and the process of writing answers should be standardized, written in the specified position, without typos or other words, and you should independently complete the homework assigned by the teacher; When discussing problems, we should take the initiative to participate and speak actively. We should concentrate on studying closely around the teacher's lecture ideas.
3. Consolidate habits after class:
Insist on reviewing before doing the questions. Review is an important link to consolidate and digest the learning content. Review what you have learned carefully, remember what you have learned, understand what you have learned, and then do your homework. If every homework can be reviewed first, and then treated like an exam, it is equivalent to taking exams several times a day, and there will be no failure in the formal exam with 1 points in the usual homework.
Third, the combination of teachers and students
Teachers and students in a class are like a sports team, and teachers are the coaches. "Every class is like a training. Without scientific methods, world champions like Liu Xiang and Wang Junxia cannot be produced. At the same time, without sufficient training intensity, there will be no China women's volleyball team. It is difficult to produce an efficient classroom just because teachers are "enthusiastic"
If every student has good study habits, with the excellent teachers in our school, it is impossible for our classroom teaching to be inefficient.
Part II:
We all know what an "efficient classroom" is. It is nothing more than the relationship between teachers and students, that is, teaching and learning, and it is the dominant and subjective relationship. Teachers learn and teach. In classroom teaching, all students have different levels of understanding, so teachers need to take care of it in teaching, and success once is efficiency. Teaching should be efficient and effective, not only to guide students to learn how to accept knowledge, but also to guide students to learn to think. With the correct way of thinking, you can understand quickly, accept quickly and remember firmly. How to teach teachers and how to learn students are particularly important, and the organic combination of the two can create an efficient classroom. Let me express my views on these two aspects:
1. Teachers
1. Adequate preparation before class
As we know, the classroom without default is laissez-faire, chaotic and inevitably inefficient. To use these forty minutes efficiently, it is very important to make adequate preparation before class. I used to learn from experienced teachers when preparing lessons. For example, before I talked about knowing clocks, I used the method of our group Zhang Lili to express the whole hour with body language. It's really effective in class. I also used drilling teaching materials to drill teaching staff. The book has its own golden room. Don't think that there is nothing wrong with the first grade, and you don't need to read books and reference books. Then you are wrong. When you get in, you will find what you want, and you will be comfortable in class. You can really see something. So don't let go of books. In addition, when setting exercises, we should ensure the classroom. For top students, we can extend some slightly challenging exercises after class; For those underachievers, we can also make some shallow requirements for them, so that they can step by step.
In addition, it is necessary to clarify the key points and difficulties in each class, instead of covering everything, and don't grab the beard and eyebrows; Understand the difficulties in students' learning process and focus on breaking through; Reasonably speaking and practicing, each class should have in-depth information feedback and adjustment to ensure the achievement of goals in each class.
Start
"A good beginning is half the battle", and the beginning of an article is very important. With a good beginning, the article can not only drive the whole article and make it unfold smoothly, but also capture the readers and make them fascinating. The ancients said that the article "phoenix head, pork belly, leopard tail" contains this meaning. Here, I'd like to introduce some narrative methods that are easy to master:
First, cut to the chase
(1) Narrative method of explaining the basic elements of the event
The beginning of "Between Waves" explains the time and place of the event: "In the early morning of August 28th, 1945, looking down from Qingliang Mountain, I saw many people walking along the mountain road towards the airport outside the East Gate."
At the beginning of A Table Tennis Match, the person, cause and time of the time are explained.
(2) The way to get to the point and reveal the theme
At the beginning of the article "Back", it is written: "I haven't seen my father for more than two years, and what I can't forget most is his back."
The article "Praise of Poplar" begins by saying, "Poplar is really extraordinary, and I praise it."
This method is also used at the beginning of Silhouette of a Good Life.
(3) Take the beginning of things as the natural way to start an article
An essay entitled "Remember a biology lesson" begins like this: "The bell rings and everyone walks into the biology laboratory."
Second, non-cut to the chase method
The "non-cut to the chase method" mentioned here does not mean that there is no "door", but uses writing techniques (such as discussion, description, lyricism, quotation, etc.), rhetorical methods (such as asking questions, metaphor, etc.) or other methods (such as setting suspense, etc.) to decorate the "door" more beautifully and make the article more beautiful. Such as:
(1) Description of environment and description of rendering atmosphere
The beginning of Pear Blossom on the Post Road describes the natural environment: "Mountain, what a big mountain! The undulating blue mountains are one by one, extending into the distance and disappearing into the confused spring scenery. " Rendered the profound and confused atmosphere in Ailao Mountain, and expressed the feelings of helping the frontier soldiers and civilians in the following article.