Emperor Jiaqing had five sons, and Ning Min was the second son of Jiaqing. Forty-seven years ago, on August 10th, Long Yuqian was born in Xie Fang Guild Hall, which was born to Xiao Shurui. Although Ning Min was the second son of Jiaqing, due to the early death of the eldest son, Ning Min actually occupied the position of the eldest son among his three adult younger brothers. He entered the class at the age of 6, studied under Wan Chengfeng, and edited Qin. Suining is older and studies well. Wang Tingzhen, right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and Xu Yi, a bachelor of Hanlin Academy, "talked with him for a day and a night" and made an in-depth study of Suining. Among all the teachers, Wan Chengfeng won the respect of Suining. After I acceded to the throne, I recalled the scene of chongling's Fu, praised Wan Chengfeng for his "great contribution and deep endowment", and decided to make Wan Chengfeng, the son of Wan Chengfeng, the minister of rites as a reward. Apart from the magnificent records of "the integration of classics and history" and "the cultivation of sages" in A Record of Xuanzong in Qing Dynasty, Suining's academic achievements cannot be verified in class. When Ning Min was studying in his early years, he not only familiarized himself with the Four Books and Five Classics, but also received pilgrimage training. Riding and shooting in Mandarin is also an important lesson. In the fifty-sixth year of Ganlong, when Ning Min was ten years old, he followed his grandfather Gan Long to the vicinity of Wesenger. Suddenly, a panicked deer was blown out of the jungle. Suining was sharp-eyed and quick-handed, bent his bow and arrow, and went straight to the deer. When the deer fell to the ground, the paddock cheered immediately. Suining's skill made Gan Long, an 80-year-old grandfather, laugh and be elated. He immediately sent a Suining yellow coat and a Suirei coat. Later, in order to do his own thing, cheerful Gan Long sang seven rhythms. There is a sentence in this sentence: "In the old days, I was skilled in martial arts, and the young deer came out of Henaan, which means that you can do seven things, enough is enough, and what you like is to surpass the second era." . When Gan Long saw Suining surrounded by Luhan Xiumin at the age of 10, he could not help recalling Mulan's proud past when she was surrounded by bears at the age of 12. Therefore, there is a saying: "What you like is the first one you got two years ago." Appreciating Gan Long's grandson "SHEN WOO's wisdom and courage", his joy is beyond words. Therefore, there is a cloud in the poem: "Family law is always with gold, be kind to it." The hidden worry of inheriting the imperial system is pinned on Suining. Suining's grandfather Gan Long received as much praise and goodwill as possible. As the father of Suining, he gave special respect and care to his son, who is actually the eldest son.
Sixty years after Qianlong, Qianlong decided to be the Crown Prince. In the first year of Jiaqing, after New Year's Day, Suining's father became Emperor Jiaqing. However, under the double pressure of Emperor Qianlong and his minion Xiao Shenyang, Jiaqing was just a puppet with no real power. Jiaqing felt that he was in danger, and the throne was still in jeopardy. He can even consider where to secretly establish a crown prince. Therefore, within three years after Jiaqing acceded to the throne, the crown prince was not sure. At the beginning of the fourth year of Jiaqing, Gan Long died and Jiaqing came to power. On April 10, 4th year of Jiaqing, he killed Xiao Shenyang. After consolidating his political power, he sealed the book in the name of Suining and hid it in a box. Due to confidentiality, Jiaqing took special care of Suining. Long summer is cold, and there is a life of studying in Yingtai. In the middle of spring, there was an imperial decree from the Southern Yuan Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty. Seeing this, Du became suspicious and tried his best to maintain Suining. Shouhuang expressed worship, then his life will accompany him, the jade spirit will give the earth, and then his life will be prepared and replaced. As for the prayer altar in the suburbs, it is recommended to appreciate tombs and temples, and Master should take the lead. In the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, Niu Zhelu, a Fujin native of Suining, died of illness, and the special seat cover for Jiaqing was golden yellow. Jiaqing tried to highlight Ning Min's special position in Wang Zizhong through these special treatments. Celebrate the eighteenth year of Jiaqing. The mutiny in the Forbidden City gave Suining another chance to show "SHEN WOO's wisdom and courage", thus further consolidating Suining's position.
On September 15th, 18th year of Jiaqing, Li _200 Christians launched an uprising. With the help of court eunuchs, they entered Donghuamen and Xihuamen, and launched a thrilling bloody battle with court guards. Ning Min and the princes were studying when the rebels attacked Longzongmen and entered the palace. When Ning Min heard about this change, he sent someone to get the inner bag, shotgun and broadsword, and quickly put them in order. Before Jingwei entered the palace, Suining saw five or six insurgents attacking the boarding house outside the south wall opposite Yangxin Gate from the west wall to the north. Suining immediately opened fire, and a rebel immediately fell to the wall and died. Suining saw another rebel holding a white flag, indicating the direction of several other rebels attacking the north. The one who plays the white flag in Suining. Even the rebels were forced to retreat from the Western Wall. In the afternoon, the kings in Beijing and the Minister of the Interior led troops into the Shenwumen to reinforce, and more than a thousand people sent to Hua County to suppress the Tianlian uprising were also transferred to the palace. The rebels who broke into the palace gate were brutally wiped out. The last desperate struggle in court ended in the failure of the rebels.
When the Trinity rebels attacked Peking, it was Mulan of Jiaqing Qiu Yi. Yan Ning wants Mulan, too. Because of the rain, Yan Ning returned to the capital first. After the chaos and peace in Beijing, Ning Min joined the emperor's third son, Zhang Fei Jiaqing. Jiaqing Lanzhou was shocked that "Han, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties" occurred in the Qing Dynasty. /kloc-In September of 0/7, Jiaqing sent a "letter of apology" on his way back to Beijing, praying for God to forgive his sins and bless the Qing Dynasty. In this mutiny in Beijing, the only thing that can comfort Jiaqing is the performance of Suining, who has been firmly seated on the throne of the Crown Prince. After reading Jiaqing's report "Looking with Tears", I was full of infinite praise for Suining. He was too excited to find the exact words to express his praise for his son. Nevertheless, Jiaqing praised Ning Min with words such as "Go Forward" and "Loyalty and filial piety". Therefore, Ning Min was named "King of Wisdom", and even the gun he made great contributions to was named "Wei Lie" by Jiaqing.
In the case of drastic changes in the capital, Ning Min took the lead in self-defense and kept the important position of the Qing court. For the Qing Dynasty, it was really "going to the countryside". As a prince, Ning Min knows how important it is to establish his perfect image in front of Jiaqing and nobles. He never forgot to grasp this point when commemorating Jiaqing. In his first report to his father on the changes in the capital, there was such a statement: "My son showed his helplessness" and "My son was at a loss and boldly shot at the officials." After Jiaqing, although Min Yunning's "bold and helpless" statement was "too touching", the compliment of "careful use of words" was obviously an affirmation of Ning Min's posturing. After celebrating the imperial edict of Suining, he expressed his sincere fear at that time in the memorial of apology: "Things are urgent, thieves can't save themselves, thieves can't do evil, and their sons and ministers are young and ignorant, and they are more and more afraid afterwards." Ning Min's performance was a great success, and Jiaqing spoke highly of him for "serving the country", "not being complacent" and "serving the country faithfully, without mercy or sacrifice, making contributions by the sages and surpassing the past". As a result, Jiaqing's trust in Suining is getting stronger and stronger. In the twenty-third year of Jiaqing, he inspected three Jiaqing tombs in the east and ordered Ning Min to pay tribute to his entourage and the relics brought by Emperor Taizong. Jiaqing listened to his expression and earnestly warned Suining: "Advance despite difficulties and stick to success." Jiaqing also formulated the imperial examination system "Ceremony of Celebrating the City", the first of which stipulated that Emperor Gaozong secretly built Chang 'en, and also implied that the people were entrusted by the state to carve sacred ancestors. This shows that Jiaqing is very satisfied with the crown prince elected after leading the government. In July this year, Jiaqing was seriously ill, so it was natural to write a letter to the villa. Ning Min succeeded to the throne.
Suining's inheritance is smooth sailing. However, after the inheritance, Daoguang came to a complicated political situation that his ancestors had never seen before.
In the Qing Dynasty, after the prosperity of Kang and Jiaqing, the whole society showed a trend of "the four seas turned to autumn". During the Jiaqing period, the Qing Dynasty experienced the impact of continuous peasant uprisings, and its decline was inevitable. This shows that China's feudal system, which lasted for two thousand years, has become very bad. When China, ruled by the Qing government, wandered slowly in the long river of history, the world situation changed greatly. Some major countries in Europe and America have established a capitalist system, and the social economy is developing at an unprecedented speed in history. The western capitalist powers, relying on their economic strength and powerful naval guns, kept knocking on the customs door in the coastal areas of China. The closed-door situation that the Qing government tried to maintain could not continue. There is war inside and four evils outside. An emperor with traditional training must manage an ancient empire with old contradictions and new crises.
Daoguang has been in power for 30 years. In order to save the decline of the Qing dynasty, he tried his best to correct many shortcomings in national finance, official management and social customs. The long 30 years are fleeting. In the early spring of Daoguang's thirty years, Daoguang died in Shende Hall in Yuanmingyuan, and his son Yi Ying inherited a more dilapidated dynasty. After the First Opium War, this dynasty began to lose its completely independent status. After the first Opium War opened the door to China, the western capitalist aggressors were planning a new war plot. The peasant revolution that originated in Guangxi has started a prairie fire, and the Qing Dynasty is facing a more serious ruling crisis. In fact, during the 30 years of Daoguang's reign, there are still many achievements worth recording. In the late 1930s, Daoguang promoted the vigorous anti-smoking movement with unprecedented courage and boldness. As far as personal behavior is concerned, Daoguang was by no means a greedy and dissolute ruler among the emperors of Qing Dynasty and even China. On the contrary, his "frugality" is talked about by old historians. Daoguang manages state affairs, which can also be called diligent and loving the people. According to the traditional moral standards of feudal society in China, Daoguang may be the king of virtue. A monarch like Daoguang may still make a difference if he inherits a peaceful and prosperous life. But Daoguang needs an ancient country full of complex contradictions to govern. An emperor who cultivates himself in a traditional way and tries to govern a country that has undergone great changes in a traditional way will naturally not create any miracles.
Daoguang governed the country in a traditional way. Since Yongzheng, the heirs to the throne have been secretly selected and established according to traditional standards.
After Daoguang ascended the throne, after a long period of observation and hesitation, he' sealed a book' in Daoguang for twenty-six years. On June/0/6 this year, Daoguang wrote the Chinese version of Bo Huang as the Crown Prince and Huang Liu as the national seal on a 4-grid folding machine of 9.52/0/0.6 cm. "Daoguang wrapped the Imperial Book in two layers with yellow paper with slightly different depths." The Imperial Book was directly wrapped in yellow paper with the words' Daoguang June 16th' written on the back, which was sandwiched between yellow paper and white paper. It is wrapped in yellow paper. On the back, "10,000 years" is written in Manchu, and the name is Daoguang. When Daoguang wrote the imperial edict in the book, he wrote two imperial edicts at the same time, explaining four things he would do after his death. "There are two legacy. One is 1022.5 cm nine-buckle origami, written with Zhu's pen. The last book was wrapped in yellow paper "The calligraphy in the bedroom is the same as this". The words "Master Book and Military Affairs History Hand in Hand" in Bamboo Book are all stamped with seals, with Daoguang's signature and Manchu "seal" on them. The other is 9.8 15.7 cm 18 buckle origami and calligraphy. The last book has the words "like a cabinet", which is placed in a yellow cardboard folder and wrapped in yellow paper. There is a seal on the back, and the "Treasure of Daoguang" seal is printed on both ends. There is a Daoguang in Manchu with the word' seal' written on it. " Daoguang's imperial edict and will were sealed in two boxes. The jewelry box for collecting Daoguang heritage is relatively simple. This is an ordinary newspaper box, made of thin wooden board, with a length of 27.9 cm, a width of 13 cm and a thickness of 3.6 cm. Wrap it in yellow silk and frame it with yellow paper. There is a seal on the belt buckle, and three stamps of "Treasure of Daoguang" are printed. This box is wrapped in yellow paper. On the front, Zhu Shu's words "Minister of Military Affairs on a par" are printed, and on both ends of the back, the words "Treasure of Daoguang" are printed. The back cover is signed by Daoguang. "The coffin for storing royal books is more elegant." It is made of nanmu, with a length of 32 cm, a width of 16.7 cm and a thickness of 8.7 cm. Hinges and keys are all made of copper, decorated with delicate bat moire patterns. There is also a pink lock cover on the keyhole. The coffin was lined with yellow silk and covered with yellow tweed sleeves. There are nine brass buttons sewn at the junction of three sides. The Chinese version of Li Pengnian's "Establishing the Secret Collection System in Yongzheng" introduces the above Daoguang Imperial Books and their inheritance. Li Wen is written according to Daoguang archives and objects preserved for a long time by the First Historical Archives of China. The related objects and documents preserved in China No.1 History Museum are the only objects found in China, from which we can see the specific methods of secret preservation in Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it is indeed "extremely precious first-hand information with important historical value" for studying the secret collection system of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, this paper makes a detailed reference.
On the 14th day of the first month in the 30th year of Daoguang, the critically ill people gathered in Zongren Mansion in Yuanmingyuan, and the ministers in charge, including Duan Hua, Sang Jueqin, He Rulin, Chen Fuen and Ji Zhichang, were all here. Open the box and announce the books and heritage of the empire. At the same time, Zhu Yu announced Daoguang's personal. When Daoguang was seriously ill, Zhu Yu wrote this article in Shende Hall of Yuanmingyuan. It said, "The fourth son is a prince, and the second king, Chen Da, is waiting for me to say something. He praised and helped wholeheartedly, always paid attention to the national economy and people's lives, and had no sympathy for others. " After Zhu Yu was announced, it was put in the box where the royal books were originally collected.
Daoguang was the last emperor in the Qing Dynasty to carry out secret storage. Because several emperors succeeded to the throne after Daoguang, or because there was only one prince or no children at all, there was no need to implement secret storage. So this system will naturally not be abolished. Before Zhu Daoguang, emperors practiced the method of dense construction and storage, and the specific method of Daoguang was obviously different from that of parents and grandparents. First, Daoguang loved him when he was seriously ill, and once again declared that it was the will of the Crown Prince to establish Yizisi. Second, Daoguang created Yi Liu Zi while writing the imperial edict. Be a prince; Third, Daoguang kept the imperial edict secret. When Yongzheng, Gan Long and Jiaqing opened positions, these practices of Daoguang were not recorded in relevant historical materials. Why did Daoguang adopt this series of tedious practices? What Daoguang did confirmed Daoguang's hesitation and contradiction in the process of opening positions, and also reflected Daoguang's anxiety about the future political situation.
Daoguang has nine sons. Yi Wei, the eldest son, was born in the 13th year of Jiaqing and died in the 11th year of Daoguang. The second son Yi Gang and the third son Yi Jiyang. The fourth son Qiu Yi was born in June of the 11th year of Daoguang, two months after the death of the eldest son Yi Wei. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang, the fifth son passed to the third son of Jiaqing, the miser Anmikai. There are six sons of Huang Yi in other parts of Daoguang? Seven sons, Yi _, eight sons, nine sons.
Compared with Jiaqing, Daoguang was built and preserved later. After Daoguang ascended the throne, why didn't Daoguang build the eldest son to store rice? The reason is unknown, but according to Daoguang's extremely cautious and solemn practice in building the reservoir, it seems to be inferred that Daoguang hopes to have more choices when secretly building the reservoir. Because both sons are the youngest sons of Hou Yi, Daoguang has no choice. It was not until the 11th year of Daoguang that Qiu Yi brothers became monks one after another that Daoguang had the opportunity to inspect and select Jinshi. Six of Daoguang's sons who grew up with Qi Yi are Qi Yi. Because of his outstanding talent, he was deeply loved by Daoguang.
Is it easy? She was born in Daoguang for twelve years, and her mother is Daoguang's wife. Is it easy? After the age of six, the prince gradually appeared in daily class reading and riding and shooting training. Is it easy? In the relationship with the brothers, the relationship with the fourth brother is the closest. This is because the two brothers are about the same age, study in the same room and practice martial arts in the martial arts school. They are small, have no speculation, and are brothers. Especially in the twenty years of Daoguang, Qiu Yi's biological mother Niu Zhelu died of illness, and ten-year-old Qiu Yi was replaced by Qiu Yi. Born by Borzite's mother, the two brothers are more closely related. Is it easy? When Qiu Yi and I were practicing martial arts, we studied martial arts together and practiced 28 marksmanship and 18 knife. Daoguang appreciated this very much, and specially named the gun "Di Hua Xie Li" and the knife "Bao" and presented a white and red knife at the same time. Is it easy? Proud of it. After a period of investigation, Daoguang gradually took construction and storage as its goal. Two brothers. Qiu Yi entered school at the age of 6 and has been teaching in Du Shoutian for 10 years. Daoguang, a virtuous man, intends to make him an heir, but it's a pity that talent is not as good as easy? So I hesitated and couldn't make up my mind. When Daoguang hesitated, Nanyuan sent an annual hunting activity. The prince showed his talent in front of his father. After hunting, the princes showed off their achievements. Is it easy? Because he was determined to show his bravery and superb archery in front of Daoguang, he won the most birds. 8. However, in the school hunting ground, Yiyi found nothing. The light is strange. When asked why, Yi Ying replied: Now, in the spring when everything is revived, birds and animals are breeding. I really can't bear to hurt these creatures, thus disturbing the growth and development rhythm of all natural things. Daoguang measured right and wrong according to the traditional moral standards of benevolence and filial piety, and was overjoyed to hear Yi Ying's words. She said, "This is what the real emperor said!" This incident made the balance in Daoguang's heart obviously tilt towards the game. The above story can be found in the Biography of Du Shoutian, a draft of the Qing Dynasty. There is also a story about a good man in unofficial history. In essence, it is very similar to the official records. The story says: Huang Sizi is the main general, and Huang Liuzi is outstanding. When Daoguang died in his later years, one day he would invite two princes to visit him in order to finally determine the storage location. Games, games? Everyone asked their teacher how to answer. Professor Zhuo said to his students: If your father has any problems, you should know everything and say everything. Obviously, trying to rely on Troy? Talent, using their own advantages, mining the shortcomings of the game, thus beyond the game. On the other hand, Du Shoutian sized up the situation and decided to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. So he said to the students, "Brother, if you tell your father about the political situation, your intelligence will not catch up with Teacher Liu." . There is only one way to win. When your father talks about his old age and illness, you don't need to say anything. He may soon fall into pity. Only by lying down and crying can we fully express our sincerity to our father. Qiu Yi appreciates the countermeasures given by the teacher. When Daoguang summoned him, he followed the plan strictly. Later facts showed that Du Shoutian's policy was very successful. Daoguang was deeply moved by "Confucianism and Mu Zhicheng" and praised the filial piety of the emperor's four sons many times. The two stories are different in content and plot, but similar in spirit. In short, after several contests, Huang Yi's four sons finally defeated Huang Yi's six sons under the banner of Renxiao. They all have outstanding talents and are eager to give full play to their talents. Become the lawful heir to the throne. An emperor who broke away from tradition finally determined the heir to the throne through traditional standards and methods.
After Daoguang's death, Qiu Yi acceded to the throne and became the seventh generation of Xianfeng Emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan. Is it easy? I have always been bitter about winning the throne in the game. Since then, I have sown the seeds of suspicion and discord among my brothers. Emperor Xianfeng acceded to the throne, that is, according to Daoguang's legacy, namely Feng Yi? Dedicated to Prince Gong. Xianfeng three years in September, huh? He also got the important position of minister in charge of the Guards for patrolling. 10, Xianfeng appointed him as the military affairs minister. Xianfeng four years, Xianfeng was awarded the game continuously? Du Tong, you Zong Zheng, Zong Ling. Even Xianfeng games? Despite the constant tasks and generous treatment, it is still impossible to completely bridge the gap between brothers. What was the game of brotherhood in Xianfeng period? Xiao Jing, Qiu Yi's biological mother and adoptive mother, can still maintain the apparent harmony through mediation. In the fifth year of Xianfeng, Xiao Guifei was critically ill. Is it easy? Xianfeng, please respect his mother as the queen mother. Yi Yan was deeply dissatisfied with this, so she didn't want to do it in practice, even if she just recited it orally. Is it easy? Mother couldn't wait to go to the Ministry of War, spread the imperial edict in calligraphy, and forced Xianfeng to give her the name "Cixi Kangci". That's it, huh? Although she won this title for her mother, the rift between her and Qiu Yi is getting bigger and bigger, and the contradiction is becoming more and more obvious. In July this year, Empress Dowager Cixi Kang Ci died. Soon, Xianfeng took advantage. Handling of dereliction of duty in empress dowager cixi's funeral. Leave the army and attack its commander-in-chief, Zong Ling. It was not until May of the seventh year of Xianfeng that Xianfeng re-awarded Yi? As commander in chief. From now on? Be excluded.
Games, games? During Xianfeng's ten years in power, the suspicion and discord caused by greed for money did not set off any big waves in the political ocean. Because Xianfeng emperor was in power, Yi? Even if you complain, you can only submit to humiliation. But in the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Xianfeng died young, leaving a bone and finally giving it to Yi? An opportunity to return to the center of the political arena and play an important role turned into a palace coup that had a far-reaching impact on China's modern history.