Each school takes one test, and the basic knowledge is very complicated, mainly memorizing, for example:

(This is usually a very common test)

1. When the lens focuses on the shooting target, this corresponds to a clear image on the CCD sensor. Scenery within a certain range in front and behind it can also be recorded more clearly, and this range is the depth of field.

The greater the depth of field, the greater the clear range of deep scenes. The smaller the depth of field, the smaller the clear range of deep scenes.

The three major factors that affect the depth of field are:

(1) Aperture: When the focal length and distance of the lens remain unchanged, the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field, and vice versa.

(2) Distance: When the focal length and aperture of the lens remain unchanged, the closer to the shooting target, the smaller the depth of field, and the further away from the shooting target, the larger the depth of field.

(3) Focal length: When the distance and aperture remain unchanged, the shorter the focal length of the lens, the greater the depth of field. That is, the short-focus lens has a large depth of field, and the telephoto lens has a small depth of field

...Okay

/view/8e07401fa76e58fafbb00305.html (I found that Du Niang is very powerful, and generally takes the test The above, start memorizing it now)

/view/0b21df6f25c52cc58bd6be66.html (This one is more confusing and complicated than the above, but if you can memorize it quickly, I suggest you take a look)

Analysis of work, high score, just like composition, points are given, the beginning and end are well written, and the writing is good

In the first paragraph, you should first describe the main content of the painting. , in short, even if you praise him, you can’t go too far. Don’t go off topic, otherwise it will be a waste of pen oil

Then start to analyze from what aspects, just make up the number of words. If the number of words is not enough, the score will not be high. This is the truth

1. Is it natural light or artificial light, the nature of the light and the direction of projection (for example: the photo is taken with direct light, then you can copy this sentence, on a sunny day, the sun is not blocked by any means If it shines directly on the subject, the side receiving the light will produce a bright tone, and the side not directly receiving the light will form an obvious shadow. If the photo is taken of a person, you can use this sentence) In short, I won’t write, these are special. Make up the word count, and don’t be afraid of going off topic, but don’t write too much about things that are not in the photo

2. Shooting angle (below)

3 Depth of field, whether it is deep foreground or back depth, large depth of field and Small depth of field (the use of aperture is considered here, see the top question)

4. Environment (indoors or outdoors, what is the weather)

5. Tone ( Cold or warm colors)

6. Scenery (close-up - close shot - medium shot - panorama - long shot)

7. Composition

8. Theme

Generally, this is it. It is best to analyze one aspect, talk about the benefits, write a literary example, and be sure to point out the topic at the end

Example essay

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Use of light

1. Nature of light

(1) Direct light

On a sunny day, the sun shines directly on the subject without any obstruction, and the side receiving the light will produce a bright tone, while the side not directly receiving the light will form an obvious shadow.

When the sun is blocked by thin clouds, the sunlight will still penetrate through the white clouds and diffuse. At this time, the lighting contrast will be reduced, which is very suitable for portrait photography.

(2) Scattered light

On a cloudy day, the sunlight is blocked by clouds and cannot directly hit the subject. It can only shine through the intermediate medium or reflect to the subject. On objects, light will scatter, and this type of light is called "scattered light". Since the light-receiving surface and shadow surface formed by scattered light are not obvious, the contrast between light and dark is also weak, and the changes in light and shadow are smoother, the resulting effect is relatively dull and soft.

"Direct light" will produce light with strong contrast, resulting in thicker shadows, less tonal changes, and harder lines and tones in the captured image. "Scattered light" will produce light with weak contrast, so the shadows will be lighter, the tonal changes will be richer, and softer image lines and tones will be produced. Therefore, photographers should choose appropriate light according to different situations.

2. Different directions of light projection

(1) Smooth light

The light coming from behind the camera and facing the subject from the front is called "smooth light" ". The characteristics of "smooth light" lighting are: most of the objects being photographed are directly illuminated, the shadow area is not large, and the tone of the object is relatively bright. The light and dark contrast formed by this kind of light is weak, and the three-dimensional sense of the object cannot be reflected mainly by the lighting light, but is expressed by its own fluctuations. Therefore, the three-dimensional effect is weak.

(2) Front side light

The light projected from the left rear or right rear of the camera to the subject is called "front side light". Most of the objects that receive light will receive light, and the resulting bright surface will be large, so the shadow tone will be brighter. The area of ??shadows produced by the objects without light will not be too large, but the light and dark distribution and three-dimensional shape of the objects can be expressed. This kind of light can not only retain a brighter tone, but also show the three-dimensional shape of the subject.

(3) Side light

The light coming from the left or right side of the camera is called "side light". It allows half of the subject to be exposed to light, while the other half is in shadow, which is beneficial to expressing the undulating state of the subject.

Since "side light" lighting increases the shadow area of ??the object, the tone of the picture is neither bright nor dark, and is half light and dark, which is not as bright as that produced by "front light" and "front light" , but not too gloomy. The three-dimensional form will perform better.

(4) Side backlight

The light coming from the front left or right of the camera is called "side backlight". It creates a small part of the light-receiving surface and a large part of the shadow surface of the object, so the tone will be darker. The three-dimensional effect produced by this lighting method on the object will be better than that of "smooth light", but it is still weak.

(5) Backlight

"Backlight" is the light coming from behind the subject and shining toward the camera from the front. The subject is mostly in shadow. Because the contrast of light is weak, the three-dimensional effect is also weak, and the tone is gloomy. However, "backlighting" can be used to outline the silhouette and outline of an object. It can also highlight the texture and shape of the object and clearly show the lines of the object. Using "backlight" in bright weather will create a strong contrast.

(6) Top light

The light coming from above the subject is called "top light". The sun's rays at midday are a good example. "Top light" often creates strong shadows on the subject. If used for portrait photography, thick black shadows will be formed on the face, such as under the nose, eye sockets, and under the jaw.

(7) Bottom light

The light source of "bottom light" is located below the subject. This kind of light is less common in daily life experience, so it has weird and dramatic effects, and is rarely used in general photography situations.

Photography composition

(1) Frontal shooting.

Frontal shooting is the most commonly used photography angle. Shooting from the front produces a stately, steady composition. But smooth lines and symmetrical structures can also appear dull due to a lack of perspective. And in many cases, the three-dimensional sense of the object cannot be highlighted because the objects receive similar lighting conditions.

(2) Side shot.

Using an oblique photography angle, the original parallel lines on the screen are turned into diagonal lines, giving a sense of depth, which can lead people's eyes deeper and enhance the three-dimensional effect. And extending the line of sight along the diagonal line will also make the picture more vivid. As the angle of the oblique side changes, the perspective effect will also change interestingly.

(3) Shooting looking up.

Looking up refers to shooting from an angle diagonally upward, and is mostly used to shoot tall scenery. This kind of shooting angle can not only capture the panoramic view of tall scenery, but also create a perspective feeling of vertical ground lines converging upward. It can also highlight the towering characteristics of the object and increase the sense of oppression.

(4) Shooting from above.

To shoot from above is to shoot from top to bottom. Looking down from a high place can capture a wide range of scenery, so it is often used in wide-angle landscape photography. Using the overhead shooting method in portrait photography can bring a slender effect to the protagonist.

4. Selection of background and foreground

The difference in color, shape, line, texture, light and shade between the background or foreground and the theme will create contrast and highlight the theme. use.

, which is helpful to highlight the theme. But a background that is too simple and monotonous will make the photo too dull.

5. Basic patterns of photographic composition

(1) Balanced and stable composition

Balance means balance. It is distinguished from symmetry. The picture composed in this form is not a one-to-one correspondence between the shapes, quantities, sizes, and arrangements of the scenery on the left and right sides, but different arrangements of equal or similar shapes, quantities, and sizes, which gives people visual stability and is a kind of The response balance of abnormal shapes and quantities is an artistic balance that uses perspective laws and visual habits such as near weight and far light, near large and far small, depth and weight, shallow light, etc. Of course, equilibrium also includes symmetrical equilibrium.

Balanced composition gives people a sense of tranquility and stability, but is not as dull and lifeless as absolute symmetry. Therefore, it is a commonly used form by photographers in composition. Balance has also become the key to photographic composition. One of the basic requirements.

To form a balanced composition, the key is to choose a good balance point (balanced object). What is the equilibrium point? This depends on the artistic effect. As long as the position is appropriate, small objects can be balanced with large objects, distant objects can be balanced with near objects, and moving objects can also be balanced with static objects and low scenery. It can also balance tall scenery. It is necessary to practice and learn more to make good use of this artistic skill.

(2) Breaking the balance

With the development and progress of society, some trendy photographers believe that balance is not exciting and does not reflect the pace and characteristics of life in the new era. They advocate breaking the balance, and they also practice their views and produce some unbalanced works. We call the composition of these works unbalanced composition. Life is diverse, and there are both balance and imbalance in real life. The form can be chosen arbitrarily as long as it meets the needs of the content and creative intent.

Non-equilibrium composition has the characteristics of instability, disharmony, tension and turmoil. It is ideal to express the momentum from the scene image; it has advantages from the psychological reflection to express restless emotions, uncoordinated movements or inconsistent attention and different expressions; such as showing the cruelty of war, revolutionary storm, Good visual effects can also be achieved in scenes such as messy scenes.

(3) Frame composition

Frame composition uses some foreground to frame the subject. Commonly used ones include branches, arches, beautifully decorated railings and hall doors. This composition naturally focuses attention on the subject and helps to highlight it. On the other hand, sharply focused borders, while attractive, can work against the subject. Therefore, frame-based compositions are often coordinated with the adjustment of aperture and depth of field to make the scenery around the subject clear or blurred, allowing people to naturally focus on the subject.

(4) Right-angled triangle composition

Right-angled triangle composition generally uses one vertical side of the picture as one right-angled side of the triangle, and the base as the other right-angled side of the triangle. This kind of composition mostly pays attention to the directionality of the subject. The moving direction or facing of the scene should be facing the hypotenuse of the triangle, leaving space in front of the moving object or the facing of the scene to provide a way out.

The composition in the form of a right-angled triangle can be used in either a banner or a vertical picture. Its characteristic is that the vertical straight lines can show the height of the scene, and the bottom horizontal lines have a sense of stability, stability, and are full of movement. It has the dual advantages of the right triangle form and the inverted triangle form composition. At the same time, the left and right right-angled sides are flexible and changeable. It is very popular among photographers, so it is often used.

The flexibility of the composition of the right-angled triangle form is also reflected in the fact that it can be used with a long base or a short vertical side or a short base or a long vertical side. As long as one of the three corners can form a right angle, this type of composition can be used. Formal composition.

(5) Circular composition

Circular composition arranges the scenery in the center of the picture, and the center of the circle is the visual center. The circular composition looks like a united group, represented schematically, by forming a circle in the center of the picture.

Circular composition, in addition to circular objects expressing their circles in this way, there are actually many scenes in which circular compositions can be used to express their unity, both in form and in will. . For example, many people are signing autographs around a heroic model, many children are listening to the old man telling stories attentively, children are playing games in a circle, etc., you can choose a circular composition.

The circular composition gives people a sense of unity and no sense of looseness, but this composition mode lacks vitality, impact, and vitality.

(6) S-shaped composition

The S-shape is actually a curve, but this curve is a regular and stereotyped curve. The S shape has the advantage of a curve, which is beautiful, full of vitality and charm. At the same time, the reader's line of sight moves in depth along with the S-shape, which can effectively express the sense of space and depth of the scene.

There are two types of S-shaped compositions: vertical and horizontal. The vertical can express the depth of the scene, while the horizontal can express the breadth of the scene. The S-shaped composition focuses on the overall image that is closely combined with lines and tones, rather than on the internal connections or echoes between the scenes.

The S-shaped composition is most suitable for expressing the curvaceous scenery. In natural scenery photography, you can choose winding rivers, winding paths in courtyards, winding paths in mines, etc.; in large-scale photography, you can choose scenes such as queues for shopping, parades, etc.; when shooting at night, you can choose winding paths. The trajectory of street lights and car lights, etc.

(7) Cross-shaped composition

A cross-shaped composition is a vertical intersection of a vertical line and a horizontal line. It gives people a sense of stability, solemnity and seriousness, expresses maturity and mystery, and is healthy and upward. Because the cross is most reminiscent of the cross of the church, the red cross of the medical department, etc., it creates a sense of mystery.

In a cross-shaped composition, it is not advisable to make the horizontal and vertical lines the same length. Generally, it is better to make the vertical line longer and the horizontal line shorter; the intersection point of the two lines should not be divided into equal parts, especially the vertical line. Generally, the upper half is shorter and the lower half is shorter. Half a little longer is better. Because the two lines are the same length and equally divided by the intersection, it gives people a sense of symmetry. The lack of omission and momentum will weaken its expressive power.

Cross-shaped composition scenes are not always a simple intersection of two horizontal and vertical lines, but scenes similar to a cross-shaped composition can use a cross-shaped composition. For example, in a frontal portrait, the head and upper body can be viewed as vertical lines, and the left and right shoulders can be viewed as horizontal lines; the height and horizontal structure of a building, etc. It can also be said that anything that can form a cross-shaped image visually can be used in a cross-shaped composition.

Graphic Advertising Design

Give you a theme, draw a picture, it’s an art test, just don’t use too many colors

Come on