1. What does mourning mean in ancient Chinese?

sāng

(1) To mourn, to hold mourning [be in mourning] The mother of the son died without funeral.

——"Book of Rites·Tan ??Gong Shang"

(2) Grieve over the death of [grieve over the deathof]

The crazy man enjoys it, the wise man Those who are mourning. ——"Shang Jun Shu · Gengfa"

Mourning sàng

〈motion〉

(1) (Knowing. Xiaozhuan) The glyph is "cry" at the top and "die" at the bottom. It means crying for a dead person. Original meaning: loss)

(2) Same as the original meaning [forfeit;lose] mourning, death.

——"Shuowen" Northeast Mourning

——"Yi Kun" Ma Note: "Loss." "There is no mourning when you receive a salary.

——"Poetry·Daya·Huangyi" There is no master in mourning. Also, there is no treasure in mourning.

——"Book of Rites· "Tan Gong" King Xuan has lost his master of the Southern Kingdom.

- "Guoyu·Zhou" Not only sages have this heart, but everyone has it. A sage can not lose his ears. p> ——"Mencius Gaozi 1" King Yan lost his country because of his benevolence and righteousness

——"Han Feizi ·Five Beetles" 2. What do you read about "mourning" in classical Chinese?

What is the word "sang" in classical Chinese? "sang" (meaning).

It is a small seal character with the word "cry" on the top and "die" on the bottom. It means crying for the dead person.

Original meaning: loss) Same as the original meaning of mourning (name) funeral ceremony; funeral. A mourning ceremony performed for a deceased person before burial or cremation.

Generally refers to funeral matters, such as enshrinement, memorial service, burial and other matters after the death of a person. Another example is: mourning ceremony (funeral ceremony); mourning slaughter (the person who presides over the funeral ceremony); mourning family (the person who has the funeral ceremony); funeral management ( funeral); funeral car (car for mourners); funeral system (mourning etiquette); funeral court (mourning hall); funeral utensils (instruments for funerals); funeral famine (referring to the funerals of princes and ministers and years of famine) < Moving> mourning, holding mourning are also examples of: mourning; national mourning; mourning (crying in mourning when a relative is bereaved); mourning person (person in mourning); mourning home (where the bereaved family is); mourning food (when mourning according to etiquette) food and drink); mourning sound (the sound of mourning); mourning crown (a kind of hat worn during mourning); mourning marriage (marriage during mourning); mourning period (period of mourning); mourning gauze (a headscarf worn during mourning) ); mourning flags (the mourning family hangs a white-striped flag). 3. What do you read about mourning in classical Chinese?

What do you read about mourning in classical Chinese?

sàng

mourning

〈motion〉

(Understanding. Small seal character shape, with "cry" on the top and "die" on the bottom. It means crying for the dead person. Original meaning: loss)

Same as the original meaning

Mourning

/p>

Another example: Ming Ji (funeral); Ming Zai (the person who presides over the funeral); Ming Jia (the family with the funeral); Zhi Ming (handling the funeral); Funeral Car (the car in which the mourners sit); Funeral System (The etiquette of mourning); funeral court (mourning hall); funeral utensils (instruments for funerals); mourning famine (referring to the funerals and famine years of princes and ministers)

〈motion〉

To mourn, to hold mourning

Another example: mourning; national mourning; mourning (crying in mourning); mourning person (person in mourning); mourning (the place where the bereaved family is); mourning food (ritual system) Prescribed food and drink during mourning); mourning sounds (sounds announcing mourning); mourning crowns (a kind of hat worn during mourning); mourning marriage (marriage during mourning); mourning period (period of mourning); mourning gauze ( A headscarf worn during mourning); a mourning flag (a white-striped flag is hung by the bereaved family) 4. Classical Chinese on mourning

Anyone who is born between heaven and earth must die.

A filial son attaches great importance to his relatives, and loving his relatives hurts his flesh and bones, and his nature. To abandon the loved one in death is a human emotion that cannot be tolerated, so it has the meaning of burial. < /p>

Burying and hiding are the things that a loving and filial son should be careful about.

The best thing to do is to be careful about the deceased. , Nothing is better than no hair. Nothing is better than nothing. This is called double closure ①

The ancients hid it in the wild and deep in the mountains, which was not the so-called national treasure. It is necessary to hide it. If it is buried shallowly, it will be picked up by foxes, and if it is deep, it will reach the water spring. Therefore, it must be buried on a high hill to avoid the danger of foxes and the moisture of water springs. p> This is good, but forgetting the troubles caused by traitors, thieves, and bandits, is it not confusing? For example, it is like a blind master avoiding a pillar. He avoids a pillar and quickly touches the 晙③. Trouble, this is the great one.

Those who are kind and filial will be buried in a good coffin, so they will avoid ants, snakes and insects.

There is chaos in the world today. , the more extravagant the funeral is, then the heart is not concerned about the deceased, but the living is showing respect to each other.

Those who are extravagant consider themselves proud, while those who are frugal consider themselves humble. They do not seek death for the sake of death, but only seek the reputation of the living. This is not the heart of a loving parent and a filial son.

Even though the father is dead, the importance of filial piety to the son will not be neglected; even though the son is dead, the love of the family will be unfailing. What if the husband buries his loved ones and cherishes them, and leaves the living with all his desires? When people seek benefit, they take advantage of stray arrows, jump on white blades, and wade through the blood and liver to seek for it.

Unknown savages tolerate relatives, brothers, and acquaintances in order to gain benefits. Today, there is no such danger and no such ugliness. The benefits are very generous. They eat meat in cars and benefit their descendants. Even though they are saints, It can still be banned, but how about chaos? The country is big, the family is rich, the burial is rich, the beads and scales are used together, the husband plays with the treasures, the tripod, the pot, the golden prison, the horse, the horse, the clothes, the sword, there are countless. All health-preserving tools must be followed.

The title room. The coffins were piled with stones and charcoal to surround the outside.

When traitors hear this, they will report it to others. Even though the superiors prohibited it with severe force and serious crimes, it could not be stopped.

Moreover, if the dead last for a long time, the living will become sparse; if the living are sparse, the defenders will become lazy; if the defenders will be lazy, but the burial utensils remain the same, the situation will be unsettled. When mourning is carried out in the secular world, it is carried with a big boat ④, with feathers and banners, such as clouds and hooves ⑥ to supervise it, to wear pearls and jade, to order it, to lead mourners to the left and right, and to have thousands of people walking around, and to organize it by military Set it up and then you can.

If you look at the world in this way, it will be beautiful and extravagant; if you look at the world in this way, it will be impossible. If you want to die easily, then even though you are poor and work hard for the people, you will do whatever you want if you are a loving family and a filial son.

(Selected from "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") Notes ① Double closure: Large closure means that there are no burial objects in the tomb, and the grave digger will not make any profit, and will not lead to excavation. ②抇(h): Excavation.

③杙(y): A small wooden stake with a sharp end. ④盩, through "pumping".

⑤贴 (chn), a car carrying coffins. ⑥廻磣, an umbrella-shaped object made of feathers with a handle, which can be held to move along with the pivot wheel.

Attached is a reference translation of the classical Chinese text: All things living between heaven and earth must die, and death is inevitable for humans. Filial sons respect their parents, and kind parents love their sons. This feeling goes deep into the bones and is human nature.

Human nature cannot bear to do this when people whom one respects and loves are thrown into a ravine after death, so the custom of burying the dead has arisen. The so-called burial means to hide; this is a matter that kind parents and filial sons should be cautious about. The so-called caution means that the living should consider the deceased.

Considering the deceased from the heart of the living, there is nothing more important than letting the deceased remain motionless after being buried in the ground, so that the grave of the deceased will not be excavated. It would be better if the dead were not moved and the graves of the dead were not excavated, and it was better to make it unprofitable for the excavators.

This is called the Great Close. In ancient times, people were buried in deep mountains and wilderness and found peace. This does not mean that jewelry and national treasures are at work.

It is the function of hiding, so burial must be deep. If the body is buried shallowly, foxes will dig up the corpse; if it is buried deep, it will hit underground springs.

Therefore, the burial site must be chosen on a high hill to avoid the harm of excavation by foxes and the dampness of springs. Although this is good, but it forgets the harm caused by gangsters, thieves, and bandits, isn't it stupid? This is like a blind musician who is afraid of hitting a pillar, avoids the pillar but hits the wooden stick with force.

The harm caused by foxes, springs, gangsters, thieves, and bandits is like running into a sharp and large wooden prong! Kind parents and filial sons can avoid these disasters, which means they understand the original meaning of burial. The purpose of repairing coffins is to avoid damage from ants, snakes and insects.

Nowadays, the social atmosphere is in chaos, and monarchs are becoming more and more extravagant in funerals. They do not consider the deceased, but the living to show off to each other with luxury. They are proud of extravagance and waste, and despise those who are thrifty. They do not take convenience for the dead as a thing, but only regard the reputation of the living as their top priority.

This is not the heart of a loving parent and a filial son. Even though the father dies, a filial son's respect for his father will not diminish; even though the son dies, a loving parent's love for his son will not disappear.

What will happen if you bury someone you respect and love with the things that the living people really want to get, and they want to use these things to make the deceased peaceful? People will pursue profit even if they risk flying arrows, step on sharp knives, and bleed desperately. Savages who do not know etiquette and justice would rather pursue profit regardless of the affection of their parents, brothers, and friends. Nowadays, robbing graves does not require the risk of bloodshed, and they cannot bear to disregard the shame of their parents, brothers, and friends. The benefits they get are very generous, and they can eat meat in a car.

Its benefits can be passed on to descendants. Even a saint cannot prohibit it, let alone today's troubled times? The larger the country, the richer the family, the richer the funeral offerings. There are countless pearls in the mouth of the deceased, jade watches, precious treasures, bells, tripods, pots and golden prisons, carriages, horses, clothes and quilts, gold swords and so on.

All kinds of health-preserving objects were buried with them. The tomb was made of thick wood, and there were several layers of coffins, and stones and charcoal were piled up around the coffins. The bad guys heard about this.

Tell each other. Although the chieftain used severe punishment and serious crimes to prohibit them from robbing tombs, he still couldn't stop them.

Moreover, the longer the deceased dies, the more estranged his descendants will be from him. The more estranged he is from his descendants, the more lax the tombkeepers will be; But there are still so many. This situation is naturally unsafe.

Secular people hold funerals, carrying coffins in carts, flying various flags, and the hearses are covered with clouds of decorations. Holding many umbrellas made of feathers, they walked neatly along with the coffin. The coffin was dotted with pearls and jade, and the coffin was decorated with caskets.