Qin was a vassal state during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Qin people are a branch of the Huaxia tribe. Legend has it that King Wu of Zhou enfeoffed Qin's ancestors because they were good at raising horses. In 770 BC, Duke Xianggang of Qin had meritorious service in escorting King Ping of Zhou to move eastward. He was granted the title of a prince and the Qin Dynasty was founded. Starting from 677 BC, the State of Qin established its capital in Yong for nearly 300 years. Yongcheng has a palace area, a residential area, a burial area for scholar-bureaucrats and Chinese people, and the Qin Gong Cemetery.

Qin’s initial territory was in today’s Shaanxi Province, which was a peripheral part of China at the time. Qin had always been a relatively weak country until the early Warring States Period. Perhaps because of its remote location, it had not received the attention of other countries. In the Spring and Autumn Period it was a relatively inconspicuous country. In terms of science, technology, culture, etc., Qin was also relatively backward in the early Warring States Period. This situation did not begin to change until Shang Yang's reform in 361 BC. From then on, the Qin State began to become stronger and stronger. In 325 BC, King Qin Huiwen became king. In 316 BC, Qin destroyed Shu, and from then on Qin officially became a great power. In 237 BC, Ying Zheng ascended the throne and began his conquest of the Six Kingdoms. From 230 BC when Qin destroyed South Korea, to 221 BC when Qin destroyed Qi and unified China. Please see Qin's battle to unify China.

Since 221 BC, Chinese history officially entered feudal society, and the Qin State became the first multi-ethnic unified centralized state in Chinese history - the Qin Dynasty.

Socioeconomic

Qin’s social economy is still dominated by agriculture. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, cast iron farm tools appeared. During the Warring States Period, water conservancy projects such as Zhengguo Canal and Dujiangyan were built to further promote the development of agricultural production. The most developed handicraft industries are copper smelting and pottery making. A new process of chromium salt oxidation treatment of weapons was invented; the building materials are quite unique, and the tiles are exquisite works of art.

Funeral Ceremony

Thirteen cemeteries of the Qin monarchs have been discovered in the Yongcheng Mausoleum area, and 4 have been found in the Zhiyang Mausoleum area. Nearly a thousand tombs of scholar-bureaucrats and Chinese people have been excavated. The prince-level tomb system is used in the shape of "中" before the king, and the king-level tomb system is used in the "ya" shape after the queen. Human sacrifices are widely used, and the burial items are rich and large-scale.

Military

The Qin army has become more and more courageous since Shang Yang's reform implemented the policy of rewarding military merit (military merit award system). Weapons and equipment are constantly improving. The arms are divided into infantry, chariot and cavalry. When the number of troops was large, it reached "a million men with armor", and famous military strategists and generals such as Wei Liao, Bai Qi, and Wang Jian appeared.

The time for unification is ripe

Ending the situation of feudal separatism and completing the cause of unification of feudal countries is an inevitable trend of historical development since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

First of all, in terms of economic conditions, due to the improvement of productivity and social and economic development, the economic ties between various regions have been strengthened to a certain extent, which provides the necessary economic foundation for the formation of a unified situation

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Secondly, after the long-term ethnic integration in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a fairly solid Chinese national unity was formed in China, with a high economic and cultural level. Therefore, the Huaxia ethnic group can serve as a core ethnic group to overcome the centrifugal force of surrounding ethnic groups and promote the gradual integration of people of all ethnic groups.

Third, people of all countries demand reunification. Peasants were the most ardent supporters of unification, because feudal separatism and disputes brought unbearable pain and burden to the peasants. Industrial and commercial people also long for unification to break the barriers of various countries that restrict the development of industry and commerce. The landlord class demands more unification. They hope to establish a unified and powerful centralized feudal state to ensure their own interests. Finally, after a long period of merger wars, the big ones eat the small ones and the weak ones are swallowed up by the strong, which changes the situation between the big countries. Gradually, Make Qin the central force to achieve unification.