In the first issue of Hebei Academic in 2002, Comrade Wang Shumin's academic paper "There was a Yu before Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" was published. "Yu Chao" means "Yu Shun" in history books, referring to Yao Zhonghua in Shun Di. Yao Zhonghua, whose word is Jade, is a tribe of the clan commune. Why is it called Zhong Hua? Legend has it that Shun's eyes are double pupils, so they are "heavy". The word "Hua" may refer to China people of the Chinese nation. According to an article written by Yuncheng scholar Wang Xueqiao in Yuncheng Daily several years ago, the word "Huaxia" can be traced back to "Xia" in Xiaxian and "Hua" in Hejin. These two places are the birthplaces of the Chinese nation in China. According to Comrade Wang Shumin's paper, in the ancient history of China, it is generally called Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the world. Some ancient books are called Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou. Before the Xia Dynasty, the only political deeds that were clearly praised were the demise of Yao, Shun and Yu. It is said that Shun was in power for 50 years. In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the number handed down was 100, and the names of emperors were all above 10. As a dynasty, You Yu seems very reluctant. However, The Imperial Concubine Show Learning says that "Yu Xia is over two thousand years old". According to this statement, the Yu family is not only a generation of fifty years old. Today's history books say that "the Xia Dynasty ruled for more than 400 years". Last year, I saw the latest research results of historians' dynastic history in CCTV, and determined that the Xia Dynasty was 47 1 year, and based on this, it was calculated as 1520. Wang Shumin's textual research shows that Guoyu, Zuozhuan, Historical Records, Wudide De and Royal Family Names can be classified into the Yu lineage with the surname 15, which means that there were 15 emperors in the Yu dynasty. Since there is the surname Yu, it is not difficult to draw a correct conclusion about its historical position.
According to the latest local chronicles of Yongji, the first sentence of Preface to Yongji County written by the magistrate in the Qing Dynasty in 12 (A.D. 1886) is: "Since Pubanyu, people who have traveled all over the world have seen it all through the ages, and the eyes of the river have been covered." Since it is called the Jade Emperor, it can be seen that it is a dynasty. The longest feudal dynasty in China was Kangxi 6 1 year in Qing Dynasty, so it is estimated that there were at least twenty-four dynasties in slave society. If Shun reigned for 50 years, there would be at least 30 generations of Yu Dynasty. On this basis, Comrade Wang Shumin's viewpoint that "You Yujia has more than one generation in fifty years" can be completely established.
If the argument of Yu Chaozhi's theory is established and confirmed, the general term of China's history will change. Change "five thousand years in China" to "six thousand years in China" and "five thousand years in Chinese civilization" to "six thousand years in Chinese civilization". If so, the popularity of Yongji history will be greatly improved today.
★ Legend about Yu
Xiaogan Moving Heaven (from Twenty-four Filial Pieties)
Once upon a time, in the Han Dynasty, there was an emperor named Yao Mingshun, who was the son of Zuo Sao. He was born filial, but his father was a completely rude person and his mother was a completely disloyal woman. He also has a younger brother named Xiang, who is even more arrogant and doesn't love his younger brother. Although he was born in such a bad family, he has no resentment at all, and still respects his parents and loves his brother. When he was not an emperor, he often cultivated land at the foot of Mount Li. Some elephants use their long noses to help Shun plow fields, and some birds use their sharp claws to help Shun weed. His filial piety even touched animals. When Tang Yao, the emperor at that time, heard that there was such a filial piety, he sent nine people to serve him. He also married his two daughters to Shun. Later, when he was old, he gave up the world to Shun, who became the emperor of Yu and became the emperor with a civilian, all because of his filial piety!
★ The history of Chinese civilization is ten thousand years.
Based on the latest archaeological achievements and historical materials, this paper expounds that "10,000 years" is a "historical nod" to seek truth from facts for Chinese civilization and an eternal Great Wall to get rid of "western-centered theory" and carry forward the national spirit. Before modern times, Chinese civilization was far ahead of the world. Undoubtedly, China should rank first among the four ancient civilizations. A comprehensive study of the latest archaeological achievements in China shows that Chinese civilization has established the first slave country in human history since Fuxi (Pangu), and the history of Chinese civilization has been more than 7,300 years, not Xia Dynasty. Key words: 10,000 years, Chinese civilization, 534 BC1year, Fuxi, Western-centered theory.
"Rewriting the history of Chinese civilization for 10,000 years" is an inspiring and important historical topic. 1In August, 1997, the "Fourth Symposium on the History of the Chinese Nation co-authored by historians on both sides of the Taiwan Strait" put forward the argument that "the history of Chinese civilization can be traced back to 10,000 years ago". After the meeting, relevant scholars drafted the Proposal on Rewriting the Ancient History of China, which has been signed and published by more than 0/00 historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, ethnologists and folklorists at home and abroad. At the same time, they appealed to Chinese people all over the world: I hope you can understand this work, support it, and let everyone know about the 10,000 years of Chinese civilization.
"Ten thousand years"-this is a historical nod to the facts of Chinese civilization. Professor Su, an archaeologist, highly summarized the framework and context of China's ancient history as "the root of culture for more than one million years, the civilization for tens of thousands of years, the ancient civilization for 5,000 years, and the unified entity of China for 2,000 years" (1), which is more appropriate. Recently, through the textual research of "Century Shu Ape" in Yuanqu, China, scientists have fully explained that the distant ancestor of human beings originated in China, overturned the assertion that "human beings originated in Africa", and advanced the appearance of apes on the earth by 65.438+million years; The appearance of "Wushan Man" in the Three Gorges of China pushed the evolutionary history of China people forward to 2 million years ago, directly challenged the theory that human beings originated in Africa, and provided a strong scientific basis for discovering more ancient human fossils and cultural remains in China (4-2 million years ago) and uncovering the mystery of human origin. Since then, Yuanmou people, Lantian people, Beijingers and Hexian people have grown up hard in the long history and vast land of China. Mabei people, Changyang people, Dingcun people, Jinniushan people, Dali people, Yinshan people, Tongzi people and apes "don't"; Liujiang people, Ziyang people, Hetao people, cave people and cave-drillers are heading for civilization ... What a vivid historical picture of early human life.
China is the country with the earliest origin of farming civilization in the world, and its age far exceeds that of other civilizations. As far as the birthplaces of several major human civilizations are concerned, the early origin of agricultural civilization in West Asia is limited to the so-called "fertile crescent" zone, and the time is about 65438 BC +0-0.7 million years; Comparatively speaking, the two river basins and India are much later. In China, cavemen in Beijing entered the farming civilization, and their time was around 25,000 BC. Yuchanyan Agricultural Cultural Site in Daoxian County, Hunan Province, 2.05- 16500 years ago; Through scientific tests such as phytolith and sporopollen analysis, wild rice stone samples of 1.2 million years ago and cultivated rice phytolith samples of 1-0.9 million years ago were found in prehistoric sites such as Xianren Cave and Huandong Cave in Jiangxi, China, which are the earliest rice samples found in the world. Artificial rice cultivated 9,000 years ago appeared in Pengtoushan ancient cultural site in Lixian County, Hunan Province, and the earliest rice remains in the world were unearthed. China's pottery production is the earliest and the craft is the most refined. During the continuous cultural accumulation in the late Paleolithic period of 200-1.5 million years ago and in the early Neolithic period of 1.4-0.9 years ago, the latter also discovered the most primitive pottery pieces in the world, that is,1.2-1. The pottery in northern China, which dates back to 0.8-0.7 million years ago, is far superior to other contemporary pottery civilizations in terms of production technology, modeling, decoration and painting. The appearance of ancient Japanese and American pottery is often very similar to that of China in some cases, which just proves from another angle that the ancient ancestors of China came to these places very early and prospered and developed civilization. With the progress of civilization, animal husbandry has developed. The earliest breeding of pigs, dogs, chickens and cows was not later than 8000 years ago. The horses and sheep in the "Six Livestock" are later, including the remains of the earliest known domestic pigs and chickens in the world. China's handicraft industry originated and developed fastest. The Hemudu cultural site more than 7,000 years ago has fully demonstrated the development of Chinese ancestors' textile industry, and China silk later became the most dazzling ribbon across China and the West in the history of ancient civilization. The development of jade industry in China was mature and unique as early as 8,000 years ago. Chinese odyssey in lacquer industry, this is a stunt; Copper smelting is synchronized with West Asia, and the technical world is unique; Astronomical calendar is dominant, and the use of seven-day week is much earlier than that of Jews and Babylonians in 2000. Bone flutes unearthed in Henan province more than 8 thousand years ago are mostly seven holes, with scale structure and can play melody; From 6680 BC to 6420 BC, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and stone carvings unearthed from the ancient cultural site in Jia Hu, Wuyang, Henan Province, have already had the rudiment of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins (while Wen Tao in Anbanpo, Jiangzhai in Lintong and Yangjiawan in Yichang are very mature) ...... "Hundreds of thousands of kilograms of surplus grain were found in magnetic mountain culture sites around 6000 BC due to the ingenious production of Xinglongwa Culture jade articles and the appearance of Peiligang culture and characters. The conclusion can only be this: Hua Xushi civilization dawned, and after hundreds of years of development, Fuxi era was proud of the world with national civilization. " (2) With the gradual decline of Hua Xushi's super-tribal alliance (semi-ethnic) based on magnetic mountain culture and Peiligang culture, Fuxi tribe, which originated in Xiangjiang River valley and gradually moved eastward, formed a huge ethnic group after forming an alliance with Dongyi Nuwa tribe, and moved westward from Shandong and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces on a large scale, unifying the Central Plains in 534 BC/Kloc-0 BC and becoming the first slave country in human history. From Guanlong in the west, to the sea in the east, to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the south, to Yanshan in the north, and to Mongolia and Liaoning. Its vast territory is beyond the reach of ancient Egypt and ancient Babylon after 1500 and 2000. Be strong! With the continuous emergence of underground cultural relics, through the comprehensive study of archaeology, ancient philology, archaeology chronology, paleoastronomy, paleoclimatology and meteorology, this paper reveals the similar historical age of the slave society in China (3): Notes on the historical age of emperors in past dynasties: Fuxi Dynasty, BC 1260, BC 534 1-4082, 4 130-4082 BC * * * Workers ruled Kyushu Yan Di Dynasty 65438+ 9 th century BC 350 BC 290 1-2556 BC 2780 BC unified Sichuan Di Ku Dynasty 20 th century BC 2555-2256 BC imperial dynasty BC 1 century BC 2256 BC. In the 27th century BC, 2 173-2 146, 2 160-2 150, Dayu was in charge of water conservancy in Xia dynasty, and BC 13, 2145-/kloc. -BC 1046 BC 1520 unified Sichuan and Shaanxi. In the development of human history and the process of civilization, the Chinese nation, like the locomotive of human history, roared forward with the ear of human civilization. By 1 1-8 century BC, it was far ahead of other civilizations in the world and entered the primary stage of feudal society-a country with feudal lords. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period-the most revolutionary and dynamic era in the history of human civilization: great political change, great economic development, great ideological contention, great cultural accumulation, great military annexation, great diplomacy, great ethnic integration ... have produced a hundred schools of thought contending and a large number of immortal documents that have had a great impact on the historical process of mankind. By the first emperor, he unified the world with six equal countries, set up counties and counties to practice the law, attacked Xiongnu and built the Great Wall, set the currency standard, simplified Chinese characters and built the same track, which made unprecedented achievements. Hanwu is magnificent, worshiping Confucianism and cutting ministers; Broaden one's career and attract talents; Popularize agricultural technology and build water conservancy; Activate industry and commerce and strengthen finance; Attacking foreign slaves and promoting land and sea trade ..... have made a powerful empire's comprehensive strength in politics, economy, military affairs, science and technology, culture and diplomacy. Extremely powerful, it solved the attack of fierce barbarians in Central Asia and West Asia and melted most of them. The westward migration of surplus potential triggered the great migration of the whole barbarian world, which led to the demise of the western Roman empire and the great changes of western European society. Since then, the history of China, whether it is the period of great ethnic integration or the feudal unified empire with a long gap, Chinese civilization has always been on the eve of modern human development with its irreplaceable advanced nature and uniqueness. It is no wonder that in most scientific and technological inventions before modern times, China's advanced inventions are often hundreds or thousands of years earlier than those in Europe; In the Northern Song Dynasty, the population of an iron smelting workshop in Xuzhou was as high as 4,000, which was equivalent to the population of a big European city in 1 1 century. The naval vessels of the Yuan Dynasty have begun to use artillery, while Europe is still crawling in the cold weapons of broadswords and spears. In the first voyage to the Western Ocean and Indian Ocean in the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He led more than 27,000 sailors, thousands more than all the sailors in Venice Port, the commercial capital of the most prosperous country along the Adriatic Sea in Europe in the 4th and 5th centuries ... It can be said that China's comprehensive national strength surpassed other countries in the world, and its national living standard ranked first in the world. Even in the11940s, China was still a world economic power. Because of the huge trade surplus between China and Britain, Britain resorted to this opium policy, which led to the Sino-British film war.
"10,000 years"-Get rid of the historical haze of "western centralism" from the historical source, and the eternal spiritual Great Wall of the Chinese nation will be built high. Europeans are "shocked by the long history of the founding of China and its important position in the world history, so they strongly say that China's culture originated in the West to show that Westerners have made contributions to China." (4) What's the story? Cuban Chief Naihunter led the "Baike" clan eastward. This chief is the Yellow Emperor, and the "hundred grams" clan is what China called "the people". Once the Japanese with ulterior motives clamored for this kind of fable, it spread for some time. Until my Yangshao cultural site was exposed to the world, these fallacies gradually disappeared. It is also said that the hieroglyphics of ancient Egyptian holy books and cuneiform of ancient Babylon are the source of China writing. In view of this nonsense, don't say that Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in China more than 8,000 years ago is just like an ancient hieroglyphic found in China, such as Wen Tao in Banpo, Wen Tao in Jiangzhai, or Wen Tao in Yangjiawan. Which of the latter is not much more mature than the former But the time is earlier 1000 years. Indian archaeology discovered rice planted artificially 7000 years ago, saying that China's rice was introduced from India. In some ancient cultural sites in Hunan and Jiangxi, artificially cultivated rice appeared 10000 years ago. What can people say? Some westerners (including Japan) are keen on this and naturally have their political goals and bad intentions. However, its upright thinkers, politicians and scholars are often fascinated by the glory of Chinese civilization. Hegel said, "China's' historical writers' emerge in an endless stream, which is really unmatched by any nation. Although other Asians also have ancient legends, they have no real' history': India's' four Vedas' are not history; Arab legends are very old, but there is nothing about a country and its development. This kind of country only exists in China, and it once appeared specially. History must start from the Chinese Empire, because according to historical records, China is really the oldest country. " (5) Vasiliev said: "China's history is great, it is rooted in distant ancient times ... In ancient China, there were indeed many rare and unique things that only China had, so it seems obvious that it is wrong to express any doubt about the ancient civilization of China 100% localization." (6) Franklin, the father of the United States and one of the drafters of the Declaration of Independence, once declared that the Chinese nation is "the oldest, most experienced and most intelligent nation in the world". (7) Mr. Dong summed it up well when comparing early civilizations at home and abroad: the early comparison between China and West Asia and North Africa was earlier and later due to different geographical and climatic environments, but only China was the earliest; Countries vary in size, but only China has the widest territory; Although all cultures are famous for their long history, China is the only one with the longest history, which has been flourishing since its demise (8). Writer Li Qiao lamented that foreigners ranked China behind Egypt, Babylon and India, calling these four countries ancient civilizations in the world. Now more than 6700 years ago, more than 3000 years ago in the solar calendar, the order of the four ancient countries should be rearranged! There is no doubt that China should be ranked first.
Of course, we can never forget the baptism of blood and fire in modern times. When the Qing emperor in China was still immersed in the historical intoxication of "China" and the "central country" in the world, he looked down on the world with the gentleness and contempt peculiar to Confucian civilization, and despised Europe as "barbarians and foreigners", the late germination of capitalism in Western Europe produced an industrial revolution with a great breakthrough in productivity and rushed to the dawn of modern civilization. However, the process of this civilization is so cruel and bloody: in Africa, countless blacks are sold and slaughtered as livestock; In the United States, thousands of Indians were driven away and shot, which was terrible; In India and Southeast Asia, pirates plundered the colonists more and more. By the middle of19th century, the western powers finally smashed the dignity of "China" and the arrogance of "central country" with their ships. In the early years of the decadent Qing dynasty, a large area of territory was eroded and carved up, and the nation was ravaged by colonization. The poison and satire of the "sick man of East Asia" have weighed heavily on the heads of China people, and the trend of worshipping, fearing and being fascinated by foreign countries has spread in China society. In the minds of most people in China, the "overwhelming" progress of the West and the "dark" backwardness of China have a strange magic for Westerners, who think they are inferior; On the contrary, since then, the historical lies of ignorance, arrogance and "white people are the darling of God" in the West have spread all over the world. This is the "historical discrimination", "historical shame", "historical misunderstanding" and "national inferiority" over the past 100 years. But today, colonial culture not only has a great market, but also has a new "breakthrough" in theory. What's more, the absurd argument that "the Opium War put forward the task of China's modernization, so the aggression against imperialism can't be opposed, or even welcomed" and "the Opium War brought modern civilization to China with artillery", and what's more, it shouted "it took 300 years to realize modernization after colonization", but it had an impact. ? In short, "10,000 years" is to restore Chinese civilization to its true colors, which is not only a matter of seeking truth from facts, but also a historical necessity to support our national backbone, carry forward our national spirit and eliminate modern colonial psychology.