Wu Zhizhong, a medical educator, is the founder of china occupational medicine. He devoted himself to internal medicine education in his early years. 1956, aged 50, was appointed to set up the first occupational health and occupational disease research institute in China. Long-term clinical research on occupational diseases has made important contributions to the prevention and treatment of common occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis and lead poisoning and the establishment of a national occupational disease prevention and control network. His most outstanding academic achievement is the pioneering work of china occupational medicine, and he edited the book Occupational Diseases with 654.38+03,000 words.
Chinese name: Wu Zhizhong.
Nationality: China.
Birthplace: Panjiagangzi Village, Xinmin County
Date of birth: 1906-3- 14
Date of death: 1980-8- 12
Occupation: medical educator
Graduate school: Toyota Medical College
Representative Works: Occupational Diseases
Biographical notes
1March 906 14 was born in Panjiagangzi Village, Xinmin County, Fengtian (now Liaoning Province) (now Jiefang East Village, Liuhe Gou Township).
1931June graduated from Fengtian Medical College (predecessor of Shengjing Medical College).
193/kloc-0 worked as a postgraduate and assistant resident in Peking union medical college from July, 2000 to June, 2003. 1July, 933 to 1 1 June, 2003 as a physician in Shengjingshi Hospital, Shenyang.
19331933 February 1935 1935 studied internal medicine at Glasgow university medical college and geiger hospital affiliated to university of London.
1February, 1935 to1February, worked as a physician in Shengjingshi Hospital, Shenyang, and taught in Shengjing Medical College.
1936 65438+ 10-1937 taught in the internal medicine department of Peking union medical college in June, and served as an assistant school doctor.
June1937-June 1950 as a lecturer, associate professor, professor, academic director and chief professor of internal medicine in Changsha Xiangya Medical College.
1August, 947 to1April, 948, visited the United States to investigate the new progress of internal medicine in Philadelphia, Boston and new york.
1950,10-1956, former president and vice president of China medical university.
1August 1956 to1August 1958, 65438+February, visited internal medicine in Leningrad and Moscow, Soviet Union, and studied occupational diseases.
1March, 959 ——1980 10/October served as the deputy director and honorary director of the institute of labor hygiene of China medical academy (1966 was renamed as the health center).
1978- 1980 served as the chairman of the first Chinese medical association occupational health and occupational diseases society and the editor-in-chief of the Chinese journal of preventive medicine.
1980 died in Beijing on August 2nd.
Brief introduction to life
Wu Zhizhong, formerly known as Wu Shaotang,1March 9061March 906 was born in a Manchu family in Xinmin County, Fengtian (now Liaoning Province). He lived in the countryside when he was young and knew a lot about crops. When I grow up, I moved to the county with my family and studied in the county. His father was a teacher in his early years, and there was a sister and three younger brothers at home. With a large population and low income, his life is very urgent, and his brothers encourage each other to work hard. Influenced by the May 4th Movement in middle school, Wu Zhizhong was deeply saddened by the situation that the great powers got their hands on China, the warlords scuffled and the country broke the people's poverty. He sprouted anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic thoughts and decided to take the road of saving the country through science and education. 1924, after graduating from Xinmin Normal School, he was admitted to Fengtian Medical College (later renamed Shengjing Medical College, founded by the British Church, located on the beautiful Wanjiahe River in Dongguan, Shenyang, and known as Xiaoheyan Medical College in society). At this time, my father entered the banking industry in Liaoning, and his family situation improved, enabling him to persist in completing seven years of strict higher education. In his research, Wu Zhizhong witnessed the sight of cataract patients immediately after surgery, and the outcomes of typhoid fever, dysentery and other diseases, which made him deeply impressed by the fact that doctors helped the living. Under his influence, three of his four brothers and sisters (Wu Yingkai, Wu Xianzhong and Wu Zhenzhong) all embarked on the medical road and became celebrities in the medical field in China.
Business experience
193 1 summer, after graduating from medical college, Wu Zhizhong worked as a clinical graduate student and an assistant resident in the internal medicine department of Peking Union Medical College for one year each. 1933 In the summer, he returned to work in Shengjingshi Hospital. At the end of the year, he went to the Medical College of Glasgow University in the northern British city to study internal medicine. The following year, after passing the qualification examination, he was awarded the honorary title of Academician of Glasgow Branch of Royal College of Physicians, and then transferred to Geiger Hospital affiliated to University of London for examination. /kloc-returned to China at the beginning of 0/935, worked in Shengjingshi Hospital and worked as a lecturer in Shengjing Medical College. 1in the spring of 936, he was arrested and locked up by the Japanese puppet troops for five days, but he was indomitable in punishment. After being released on bail pending trial, he was sent to Peking Union Medical College to teach in internal medicine. June 1937, applied for the position of lecturer of internal medicine in Changsha Xiangya Medical College (predecessor of Hunan Medical University). His teaching content is detailed, logical and widely quoted, which is deeply loved by students. A year later, he was promoted to associate professor, and another year later, he was hired as a professor of internal medicine. 194 1 year served as dean of medical school and professor of internal medicine, and was in charge of teaching practice at the age of 35. From 65438 to 0947, Wu Zhizhong visited the United States under the sponsorship of the American Medical Aid Association to inspect the new progress of internal medicine.
Shortly after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), at the request of the Ministry of Health, Wu Zhizhong went to Shenyang China Medical University as the director of internal medicine. It took him six years to transform China Medical University from a key training place with a short academic system into one of the national medical education bases. He trained a large number of talents, compiled a large number of Chinese teaching materials, cooperated with the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, did a good job in medical evacuation of the wounded, and participated in the struggle against germ warfare with outstanding achievements. 65438-0952 The Second National Health Assembly was awarded medals and certificates by the Ministry of Health.
65438-0956 The Ministry of Health established the National Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, and transferred Wu Zhizhong to take charge of professional business construction. He is 50 years old. He first went to the Soviet Union for further study. After returning to Beijing, he served as the deputy director of the Institute of Labor Health of China Academy of Medical Sciences (1966 renamed as Health Center) and started a new career. For more than 20 years, he traveled all over the country, went deep into mines and factories, and directly served the health of front-line workers. Even during the Cultural Revolution, when he was seriously ill and dying in his later years, he did not stop working.
international communication
Wu Zhizhong made every effort to promote the international exchange of Chinese and foreign medicine. 1955 Represented China to attend the international academic conference on internal medicine; From 65438 to 0957, he represented the Ministry of Health at the international industrial hygiene conference held in Helsinki, Finland, and participated in the scientific and technological cooperation negotiations between China and the former Soviet Union in Moscow; 1958 September to 10/0 October, participated in a delegation of the Ministry of Health to visit Poland, GDR, Czech Republic, Romania and Bulgaria to inspect the health work in socialist countries in Eastern Europe; 195810-1As a member of the expert group of the delegation of the Ministry of Health of China, I participated in the first meeting of health ministers of socialist countries held in Prague; 1964 Represented China at the Far East Labor Health Conference in Jakarta; In the same year, in Beijing, as the head of the China medical delegation, he participated in the organization and academic exchange of the Beijing International Scientific Symposium; 196565438+was sent to Albania to give lectures in February.
hold a post
For the construction of the motherland and the prosperity of medical and health undertakings, Wu Zhizhong actively participated in social activities. He has served as deputy to Liaoning Provincial People's Congress, deputy to the Second and Third National People's Congresses, member of the Fifth CPPCC, member of the NLD Central Committee, director of the Chinese Medical Association, deputy editor-in-chief and editor-in-chief of the Chinese Health Journal (1978 renamed as the Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine), and chairman of the Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases Society of the Chinese Medical Association. It has made important contributions to medical education and development in China, especially to the development of occupational disease prevention and control.
National salvation movement
1926 after the may 30th movement, the national anti-Japanese national salvation movement reached its climax, and Wu Zhizhong gradually accepted new ideas, which were tempered and tested in the activities of protesting Japanese imperialist atrocities, and was elected as a leading member of the student union. While learning the medical skills of saving people, he engaged in the propaganda of saving the country, organized students to petition the authorities, drafted and distributed letters to the citizens of the city, and mobilized the people to resist Japan. In the anti-Japanese patriotic movement, he joined the China Production Party. 1in March, 927, due to the destruction of the party organization, he came to Harbin several times, entered the University of Political Science and Law, and engaged in the workers' movement under the guise of studying law. In August, the situation in Harbin deteriorated. Wu Zhizhong lost contact with the Party organization during several transfers and was forced by his family to leave Harbin and return to Shengjing Medical College. Although he lost contact with the party organization, his thought of saving the country and his yearning for the * * * production party never sank. 193 1 When the September 18th Incident happened in, he had left Shenyang for Peiping. A group of patriotic teachers and students who stayed in Shengjing Medical College were unwilling to be conquered. They secretly held an anti-Japanese swearing-in meeting, wrote a complaint to the League of Nations, and sent a complaint and declaration to the League of Nations delegation. Wu Zhizhong kept in touch with them and signed all their statements and other documents. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/935, Wu Zhizhong returned to work in Shengjingshi Hospital, and his enthusiasm for participating in the anti-Japanese and national salvation propaganda activities remained unchanged. In 65438+February of the same year, he was arrested by the puppet Manchukuo government on suspicion of anti-Qing and anti-Japanese, and was released on bail. He witnessed the atrocities of Japanese imperialism and personally experienced the humiliation of national subjugation. Therefore, his patriotic feelings and concern for the people remain unchanged, which will become the strength pillar for him to struggle in a difficult environment in the future.
Xiangya San Qian
1937, shortly after Wu Zhizhong went to work in Xiangya Medical College, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out. During the war, the school had two legendary relocations: first, when the Japanese army approached Changsha, it moved to Guiyang; Later, when the war in Hunan and Guangxi spread, it moved to Chongqing. As the educational director, he actively assisted Dean Zhang to complete the task of moving to the school. He should not only take care of wards and students, but also take care of transportation, instruments and books, and even rely on the prestige generated by medical ethics to deal with bandits when moving. In the war-torn era, what spirit does the school rely on to recruit class students and send batches of doctors into the society? In addition to their persistent pursuit of the medical profession, they also rely on their patriotic feelings and care for the people. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he once again presided over the relocation of the capital to Changsha and rebuilt Xiangya in the aftermath, relying on the spirit of patriotism, love for the people and dedication. The talents trained by the college are all over the country, and most of them have grown into a generation of business backbones. Apart from insisting on teaching, he has never stopped his clinical research work. Its characteristic is that the topic is based on reality. During this period, the research topics completed include: clinical observation of tuberculosis, treatment of amebic dysentery by Brucea javanica, curative effect of licorice extract on ulcer, dietotherapy and drug compatibility for ulcer treatment, etc.
Wu Zhizhong has a strong sense of responsibility and enterprising spirit of Excellence in teaching. His concern and love for students' life and spirit transcends the boundaries of the classroom. The student has problems and is willing to discuss with him. Young students in war and exile are most afraid of getting sick. When this happened, Wu Zhizhong assumed the dual responsibilities of doctors and parents, and helped poor and seriously ill students many times.
1948, Wu Zhizhong returned from the United States and realized that the Kuomintang government was hopeless. Only the * * * production party can save China. He devoted himself to the activities of nursing schools and students and "waiting for the dawn". Together with other patriotic teachers and students, he resisted the harassment and destruction of the Kuomintang routed troops and protected progressive students from persecution before dawn. When Changsha was liberated, they handed over Xiangya Medical College to the people intact.
Sanjian major
Wu Zhizhong 13 Xiangya Department of Internal Medicine. In order to survive in the war, we must inherit the tradition in suffering. The retreat of Changsha in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is a touching page in history. The relocation of Xiangya Medical College is not only the transfer of a pile of books, instruments and logistics, but also the placement of a group of teachers and students, women and children, and it is also a test of the will to run a school and run a doctor. Long-distance travel is inherently difficult. If we want to maintain the teaching level and medical quality, we can't lower it. Only people with ideals and ambitions can persist. The most difficult moment of Xiangya Medical College was in the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, when the sources of funds were cut off, the prices were rising day by day, and the war between Hunan and Guangxi was approaching, forcing teachers and students to go into exile in Chongqing. In Wu Zhizhong, they borrowed an old warehouse in Gaotanyan, a mountain city, and continued to open a clinic, but they still did not miss the important events of graduation and freshmen's enrollment this year. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he led the first group of people to return to Changsha along the Hunan-Chongqing Highway. Soon, Xiangya Medical College on the ruins stood up again.
Wu Zhizhong has been studying in China Medical University for 8 years, majoring in internal medicine. We should seek development in the social transformation during the socialist transition period in China. 1950 Shenyang China medical university has just completed the organizational restructuring, merging the short training courses and specialized courses of the former Manchuria medical university, Shengjing medical college and the former military and local medical colleges. At this time, the teaching system has not been adjusted and straightened out. There is not only the contradiction between the long-term arrangement of teaching content and the short-term demand, but also the problem of the rapid change of teaching guiding ideology from short-term rapid training to formal training to meet the long-term demand, and the unity among the merged personnel groups. As the provost, Wu Zhizhong is at the center of various contradictions, but he can handle them properly. On the one hand, he attaches great importance to clinical work, on the other hand, he also attaches great importance to teaching materials. No matter how busy his administrative organization is, he has not left the front line of diagnosis and treatment and the classroom. The establishment of medical college has been adjusted and changed many times, and he has always served as the business leader of internal medicine or clinical internal medicine. He always adheres to the principle of putting practice first and patients' interests first. At that time, the main difficulty in adjusting the teaching and implementing the syllabus was the lack of complete Chinese medicine textbooks, and the only effective way to ensure the implementation of the syllabus was to unify the textbooks. Faced with this problem, Wu Zhizhong set out to write his own lecture notes, and at the same time accepted the task of writing Soviet textbooks issued by the Ministry of Health. Most of his compilation work was done in his spare time, including clinical internal medicine's Course, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Outline of Tuberculosis, Internal Medicine (translated with Zhu), Progress of Internal Medicine 195 1, Modern Therapeutics of the Soviet Union (Stomach Part) and other books. These textbooks have great practical value, which not only meet the teaching needs, but also compile various clinical work routines and improve the quality of basic medical care. In this business construction, Wu Zhizhong took charge of educational administration, rectified the teaching order, and improved the macro-control ability of business.
Personal contribution
Wu Zhizhong has been in the School of Health for 22 years, and this is the third time to set up a major with the greatest achievements. It is characterized by relying on the development of national economic construction to fill and develop the vacancy in the field of preventive medicine. Before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), there was no occupational disease specialty in China. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were still cases where medical schools did not teach occupational diseases and hospitals did not have departments to treat occupational diseases. However, with the development of industry, the incidence of occupational diseases is becoming more and more serious. 65438-0957, the Ministry of Health issued the document "Occupational Disease Scope and Management Measures", announcing the formal establishment of occupational disease specialty. Wu Zhizhong was appointed to be responsible for establishing occupational disease specialty in China. After he returned from studying in the Soviet Union, according to the actual needs of China, he summarized his own experience from clinical practice and the most common occupational diseases in China. Soon, the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis, lead poisoning, benzene poisoning, mercury poisoning and pesticide poisoning achieved the first batch of prevention and control results. He also selected topics from the needs of construction, classified and studied several projects, and cooperated with occupational disease prevention teams all over the country. After several years' efforts, progress has been made in such research topics as routine diagnosis and treatment of common occupational diseases, etiological investigation of hukou disease, diagnosis of beryllium disease, influence of combined action of dust and radon in uranium mining on pneumoconiosis, prevention and treatment of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, and clinical study of organomercury pesticide poisoning. Under the leadership of Wu Zhizhong, the professional level of occupational diseases in China has improved rapidly. Unfortunately, due to the interference of the "Cultural Revolution", some research projects stopped and some took detours. Professional construction has been lost for 65,438+00 years, but there is still progress in pneumoconiosis epidemiology and common occupational poisoning. 1980 before his death, the national occupational disease prevention and control network had basically taken shape.