Gao Feng (1July 4, 900 ~1February 2, 986) was born in Shuangyang, Jilin Province, a famous professor, an ancient philologist and an expert in the study of pre-Qin cultural history and the collation of ancient books. /kloc-0 was admitted to Peking University in the autumn of 924, and/kloc-0 was admitted to Tsinghua University Graduate School in the autumn of 925, where he studied under Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei. /kloc-graduated from 0/926, and has taught in Henan University, Northeastern University, Wuhan University and Professor cheeloo university successively. His works include Selected Notes on the Book of Songs, Notes on the Book of Songs Today, Selected Songs of Chu, Ancient Myth, Introduction to the Form and Meaning of Characters, and Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Characters.

Chinese name: Gaofeng

Alias: Gaoxian Bridge

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Shuangyang County, Jilin Province

Date of birth:1July 4, 900

Date of death:1February 2, 986

Occupation: ancient philologist

Graduate school: Tsinghua University.

Representative works: Zhouyi Ancient Classics's Today's Notes, Zhouyi Biography Today's Notes, New Notes of Various Scholars, etc.

biography

Gao Feng is a famous pre-Qin academic, philology and exegetical scholar in China. In his early years, he studied under two masters, Wang Guowei and Liang Qichao, in Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies. He devoted all his life to carrying forward China's traditional scholarship and made great achievements, becoming an important town in the study of academic culture in the pre-Qin period in the 20th century. He followed the legacy of Gan's textual research in his treatment of philosophers, which was never done before, and he really achieved the goal of turning essence into essence. His management of Zhouyi changed the old habit of "interpreting the classics, interpreting the classics and interpreting each other", decomposed the classics for the first time, and created a new research method of "Yi Li School" in modern Zhouyi in China, which was highly praised by the academic circles. His treatment of Laozi and The Book of Songs was based on China's traditional exegetics, and created new significance in collating exegetics. Its foundation is honed and consolidated, and there are several books, such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions's General Notes, An Introduction to the Research on the Meaning of Glyphs, and The Holiday Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Characters. Mr. Gao is rigorous and humble in his scholarship, and his academic achievements are convincing. Some exegetical achievements are included in the Chinese Dictionary as special terms.

Chronology of figures

1900 On July 4th, Gao Feng was born in an ordinary peasant family in Shuangyang County, Jilin Province.

19/kloc-entered a private school in the spring of 0/0 with the scientific name of Gaoxianqiao. Because of my poor family, it is not easy to study. I know I work hard. Read the bible, can read and recite, and know its meaning. The day is gone, followed by lights, the night will be divided and the volume will not be released. It's dawn, and chanting is about to start again, hot and cold. Eight years of private school, after reading four books and five classics, I realized my mind, which laid a solid foundation for later specializing in pre-Qin scholarship.

19 18 Spring, Mr. Gao Feng was admitted to the First Normal School of Jilin Province, and the accommodation was provided at public expense. 1922 Winter graduation. In the past five years, under the guidance of Mr. Zhang, I have not only studied the school curriculum, but also studied the first monograph on philology in China and Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and read the main works of pre-Qin philosophers and the first four histories. At this time, he became interested in the study of China's ancient academic culture and had a certain understanding of the research methods and approaches.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/923, I entered Beijing Hongda College to study English. In autumn, I was admitted to Beijing Normal University.

In the autumn of 1924, he was admitted to Peking University again.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/925, he changed his name to Gaofeng and was admitted to Tsinghua University Institute for postgraduate study.

When Mr. Gao was studying in Tsinghua Research Institute, he used Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei, the first-class domestic scholars, as his mentors. His graduation thesis "Han Feizi's Exegetical Supplement Collection" was well received by Teacher Liang. He once said to Mr. Gao, "Chen Xian brought Shuowen to Guangdong, and I hope you will bring Shuowen to the northeast." When he graduated, he also gave him a pair of couplets to encourage him: "You know the family law best when you study, and you don't have to act with laymen." From then on, Mr. Gao decided to follow the family law of the famous scholar Gaoyou Wang (Wang Niansun and Wang) in Qing Dynasty, start with words, phonology and exegesis, study rigorously and persevere, and determined to live a life of "reading, teaching and writing" forever.

1926 In the summer, Mr. Gao Feng began to teach after graduating from Tsinghua University Research Institute. Professor of Jilin University of Law and Politics, teacher of the First Normal School.

65438-0929 Professor of Chinese Department, School of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang. After the September 18th Incident, he came to Beiping with Northeastern University. Later, he served as a professor at Henan University, Northeastern University, Wuhan University, cheeloo university, Northwest University and Xianghui College.

Professor Zi of Shandong University 1953, employed by the Institute of Philosophy of China Academy of Sciences, and part-time researcher Zi 1957.

1967, he stopped teaching and transferred to Beijing to specialize in ancient academic research.

1February 2, 986, Mr. Gao Feng died of illness.

Erudition and academic contribution

In his life, Mr. Gao Feng went hand in hand with reading and writing during his years of teaching and research. From an early age, he asked himself not only to read much, but also to read carefully. In academic research, he pays attention to seeking truth from facts and is never meticulous. As for the ancient sayings of the past dynasties, I learn from others and don't stick to one school. I write my own papers or books with roots, evidence, classics and latitude, and strive for originality. Based on the form, sound, meaning and textual research of Chinese characters, this paper expounds the significance of giving full play to ancient cultural classics and finds out the way to study ancient culture in China. He learned many Confucian classics and drowned many families. Every time you write an article, you should dig out the inside information from the substantive problems, list the right and wrong with the help of the study of the phonology of words, choose words carefully, and be concise and clean. So it can be well-founded and impressive.

Mr. Gao Feng devoted his life to the "Three Books" and worked tirelessly every day. Often in bad years, he also achieved fruitful results in academic research. He began to study Shuowen and gradually studied Oracle Bone Inscriptions. It took more than ten years to write about Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The manuscript is bound into fourteen volumes with hundreds of thousands of words. This is a helpful reference book for the study of ancient Chinese characters in China. Unfortunately, it was lost during the Anti-Japanese War and has not been recovered so far.

In order to meet the needs of teaching, he first devoted himself to studying the pre-Qin philosophers, especially the book Laozi. His interpretation of words, his analysis of thoughts and his study of Laozi's life story are all refined and cherished by the world. Later, he turned to study Zhouyi, The Book of Songs and Shangshu. Because the part of "ode to elegance" in The Book of Songs is the most difficult and has the greatest resistance, Gao Feng was afraid that the essence of China's classical culture would not be passed on, so he took pains to introduce it to the younger generation in a simple way, and today he completed Selected Notes on The Book of Songs and Annotations on The Book of Songs. After attacking the Book of Songs, he also attacked the Book of Changes, and he made great efforts in the study of the Book of Changes. Zhouyi is one of the most difficult ancient books in China, full of images and mysteries. Without materialistic viewpoint, scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and skillful philology, it is difficult to understand the whole book.

Despite the difficulties, Gao Feng still dares to take responsibility and make continuous progress. He often says, "I won't attack this difficulty. Who shall I leave it to?" Therefore, snacks and eating, wholeheartedly, without hesitation. Finally, with ten years' efforts, I broke through many difficulties, researched and discussed Zhouyi Ancient Classics and Zhouyi Biography with the basic viewpoint of Marxism-Leninism and the attitude of seeking truth from facts, and wrote four books devoted to the analysis of Zhouyi, which made the study of Zhouyi based on a more scientific basis and revised the research direction. In addition, he also has some works and papers, such as Selected Songs of Chu, Ancient Myth, Introduction to the Form and Meaning of Chinese Characters, and Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Characters. He has made outstanding contributions to the collation of ancient books and documents in China.

Mr. Gao Feng teaches carefully. Before each class, a detailed lecture will be written. In class, the tone is bright and clear, the language is calm, and every word can be heard by students. The explanation is clear and simple, although this sentence is very profound in ancient Austrian philosophy. Once he explains and analyzes, he can make students concentrate and never get tired. He has always taught by example, set an example, acted honestly and was different from others. Anyone who has received his education can feel the profound influence of this education on learning and character.

Zhouyi research

Observe the classics by classics, and pass them on.

In the early 1940s, Mr. Gao Feng insisted on an important principle of interpreting the Book of Changes: observing classics through research and spreading classics through communication. Zhouyi is one of the oldest books in China. The Book of Changes, which has been circulating for two thousand years, generally includes two parts: the Book of Changes and the Book of Changes. Since the Han Dynasty, a widely influential traditional concept holds that Zhouyi and Dazhuan have ten chapters (namely, "Ten Wings", including Xun, Xiang, Classical Chinese, cohesion, divination, virtual divination and the upper and lower parts of virtual divination).

According to Mr. Gao Feng, "The Book of Changes was written in the early Zhou Dynasty" and "The Book of Changes was written in the late Zhou Dynasty", with a difference of six or seven hundred years. Although there are many correct and instructive contents in the latter's annotation to the former, there are also some mistakes in the interpretation, attachment and even the use of the title. He also thinks that the Book of Changes is simple in words, simple in annotations and often incomplete, while the Book of Changes obviously has more abstract ideas and philosophical concepts and a certain system. In this respect, it cannot be confused with scripture at all.

In view of this, he clearly put forward that "it is not necessary to talk about the Book of Changes as the boundary, and it is not necessary to talk about the Book of Changes as the basis". This idea of Mr. Gao Feng is fully reflected in Zhouyi Ancient Classics's Notes to the Present and Biography of Zhouyi. The former focuses on clarifying the contents of ancient classics and strives to write articles on the text. Although it is widely cited to study the meaning of words and sentences, it deliberately does not involve Yi Zhuan and does not use biographical materials. The latter notes Ten Wings, juxtaposing them with Zhuan Jie respectively to show the similarities and differences between the original intention of Jing and Zhuan Jie.

I don't talk about the image number of the Book of Changes, nor do I talk about the image number of the Book of Changes.

Zhouyi is an ancient divination book. However, Mr. Gao Feng believes that there was no concept of elephant number in the early Zhou Dynasty, and the theory of elephant number actually began after the formation of Zhouyi. The symbolism of divination, divination and divination in Yi Zhuan represents the consciousness in the late Zhou Dynasty. In the study of Yi, Mr. Wang adopted a scientific and cautious attitude on how to correctly explain the problem of image number. The performance is as follows:

First of all, Mr. Gao Feng tried his best to explain the original meaning of the scripture in the annotation of the hexagrams in the Book of Changes. In his view, the relationship between divination, divination and image number in scripture cannot be explored by today's people. If people devote themselves to the exploration of this relationship, they will inevitably learn their wisdom and even go astray into witchcraft superstition. Therefore, his interpretation of the hexagrams categorically abandoned the image number theory and did not involve the image number theory at all. Instead, they explain their original meanings one by one according to different categories, such as "words to remember", "words to take pictures", "words to tell things" and "words to break accounts".

Secondly, as for the annotations of Yi Zhuan, anyone who doesn't talk about the number of images in the text of Yi Zhuan also tries to sweep away the number of images and only truthfully explain its original meaning. Mr. Gao Feng thinks that Yi Zhuan talks about the number of images everywhere, such as the six-day, nine-day, four-day, four-day, six-day and six-day images of the previous hexagrams, and the nine-day, four-day and nine-day images of Chike, and there are no images at all. Therefore, for this part of Yi Zhuan, he only explained it with the article, not attached to the image number theory, and even added more details.

Third, Mr. Gao Feng's attitude is seeking truth from facts and trying to be simple and clear. In the Annotation of the Book of Changes, he specially wrote the explanation of the number of images in the Book of Changes, so that ordinary people can know its general laws and master them. In the specific annotations of all biographies, we should pay attention to the combination of divinatory shapes, divinatory names, divinatory characters, divinatory orders and odd numbers. To illustrate the basic content and main basis of the classic interpretation of Yi Zhuan. Similarly, the theories of deduction and subjective hollowing are not derived from this.

Examples of exegesis of Zhouyi

For example, the fourth meaning under the word "Qu" in Chinese Dictionary is "Yin". Take the words of the Book of Changes, Big Livestock and Shangjiu as an example: "What day is it today? It is a scenic spot, and it is quoted from Mr. Gao Feng's Notes on Today's Zhouyi Ancient Classics: "Doubts about a scenic spot should be read as interest, and the ancient word' interest' is a word, which means to be sheltered by heaven. This cloud is' what day's trip', that is,' what day's interest'. " Here, Mr. Wang has seen through a key generic word, revealing that "Qu" has the meaning of "Yin", and the 3,000-year-old ancient scripture was suddenly penetrated, which also added another meaning to the explanation of this word.

Example 2, under the word "Kang" in the Chinese Dictionary, take the divination of the Book of Changes and the Golden Melon as examples: "Kang Hou uses Xi Ma Shufan to collect it every day", and at the same time quote Mr. Gao Feng's Zhouyi Ancient Classics Today's Note: "Kang Hou, the younger brother of Zhou Wuwang, is named Kang Hou or Kang Shu." According to the old interpretation of "Kanghou", it is "the Hou of Kang Min and Anguo", which means looking forward to literature; Mr. Gao Feng regards him as the younger brother of King Wu, which is rarely recorded in other ancient books. But it is enough to revise the old theory and make its own invention because of its historical collection and symbolic significance.

In the third example, under the word "shou" in the Chinese Dictionary, the twelfth item is listed as "integrity and moral integrity". For example, under the Book of Changes: "Those who fall will resign", and Mr. Gao Feng's "Notes on the Book of Changes" says that those who fall will agree, dare not insist on their own opinions, and therefore will yield. The old annotation of "not observing" is also puzzling. Teacher Gao Feng taught the word "shou" to mean "integrity", revised the old notes and straightened out the meaning of the text, which can be consistent with the theme of this chapter. This is another example of the breakthrough in the textual exegesis of Yi Zhuan.

Study on Divination Methods in the Ancient Book of Changes

Zhouyi is an ancient divination book, which records and reflects the divination activities of the ancients. Later generations often learn and speak the Book of Changes, which involves divination. Divination is the product of superstitious activities, but it has its specific historical background and has a great influence in its spread. It is the proper meaning of traditional cultural science research to study and summarize the ancient divination methods. However, in the past, there were not enough records. For a long time, although people have made a lot of textual research and explanations on the divination methods contained in the earliest existing important documents and materials in China (such as Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu) and collections, there has always been "insufficient consideration." One of the outstanding manifestations of the latter aspect is that there is a great one-sidedness in the understanding of divination methods in the late Zhou Dynasty: "Obviously, it became a divination, but it did not change its mind and became a divination." This has become a difficult problem in the study of Yijing for a long time. In his series of works on the Book of Changes, Mr. Gao Feng not only comprehensively summarized the detailed steps of "the method of forming hexagrams" in the Book of Changes, but also fully and reasonably explained his "the method of changing hexagrams" in combination with relevant records in comic books, Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu, which is the first time since the Han Dynasty to break through the scope of the Book of Changes.

Mr. Gao Feng specifically answered the two long-standing puzzling questions "Why there are divination changes" and "How to identify divination changes" in the Book of Changes, and summed up the method of "seeking appropriate changes" on the basis of deduction and calculation. Because he combined the literature materials connected with Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu, and repeatedly studied them, he uncovered the mysterious cloak of "the method of changing heart" for more than 2,000 years and revealed the true face of ancient witchcraft, thus opening up an important way for studying ancient divination more scientifically.

The other article, The Interpretation of Zhouyi on Zuo Zhuan's Mandarin, explains the records of Zhouyi (Article 22) in Zuo Zhuan and Guo one by one, revealing its image number, image meaning and interpretation of divination. This article was published in 1962, and its embryonic form and basic conclusion have been found in the article Evidence of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in A New Examination of the Book of Changes written in the 1930s. Yi is different from Yi Zhuan (Ten Wings). The annotations of Zuo and Guo not only talk about hexagrams, hexagrams names, hexagrams words and hexagrams words, but also talk about hexagrams, hexagrams names, hexagrams words and hexagrams words. Therefore, if you are not familiar with the ancient divination laws, it will be difficult to identify the reasons for the changes, and it will be impossible to be familiar with the original contents of ancient books. For example, in Zuo Zhuan's Nine Years of Xianggong, there are always different lawsuits about what it means, such as "when you encounter eight roots, it is called the Sui of the roots", and the national danger is now: "Dezhen repents at all eight". This paper makes an incisive explanation here: the former is mainly occupied by the hexagrams in Zhi Gua because of its "five stubborn things should not be changed" and "easy hexagrams are more than unchanged"; The latter is occupied by two hexagrams because "three hexagrams should not be changed" and "easy hexagrams are equal to unchangeable hexagrams". Witchcraft superstition tries to create mystery, and scientific research can make a reasonable and clear explanation for ancient divination. This is another example of Mr. Gao Feng's scientific research on ancient divination and his unprecedented achievements.

Anecdotal stories about association with great men.

From June 1963 to June 1 10, the fourth committee (enlarged meeting) of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Social Sciences was held in Beijing, and the meeting was grand and warm. Professor Gao Feng, who was teaching at Shandong University at that time, was also invited to attend the meeting. At the end of the meeting, he and Fan Wenlan, Feng Youlan and other nine gentlemen were received by President Mao Zedong. When Zhou Yang, Vice Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC, introduced Mr. Gao Feng, Mao Zedong shook hands with him and asked humorously, "Are you studying literature or philosophy?" Mr. Gao replied that he was interested in ancient literature and philosophy, but his level was limited and he could not achieve much. Mao Zedong seems to be in a good mood. Go on, he has read Mr. Gao's Lao Zi and Zhouyi. He also gave a positive evaluation of Mr. Gao's achievements and said some words of encouragement.

This honor is beyond Mr. Gao's expectation. He is so excited about it that he can't forget it for a long time. After returning to Jinan, he sent his six books, including New Notes of Various Scholars and Notes on Zhouyi Ancient Classics Today, together with a letter, to Zhou Yang, then vice minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC, and to President Mao Zedong.

196365438+In February, when the New Year came, People's Literature Publishing House published a new edition of Poems of Mao Zedong. Among them, in addition to 27 poems that have been widely circulated for a long time, there are 10 new works published for the first time. The editorial department of literature, history and philosophy of Journal of Shandong University organized an activity of writing ten poems in time. Mr. Gao Feng took an active part in this activity, and attached a poem entitled "Water Tune Song Tou" to express his feelings:

A thousand years of history in the palm of your hand and a million soldiers in your chest. At present, there are six storms, and there are thunder in the pen. Wake up the stinging dragonfly, destroy the magic flame, and slay the whale with a sword. Spring is full and the sun is red. Express generosity, write about fighting, and remember the Long March. The sky is full of clouds and brocade, weaving revolutionary pride. A close study of Du Li, a poet, and Su Xinjia, a poet's garden, shows that there is no such strange hero. They are rolling and singing on a mountain with strong rhyme.

Later, Mr. Gao sent this letter to Chairman Mao together with a short message to congratulate the Spring Festival. It took about a month to receive a reply from President Mao Zedong. The credit brush is written straight on several pieces of rice paper, bold and unrestrained, and there are three signatures the size of walnuts at the signature. The full text is as follows:

Mr. Gao Feng: I received books, words and two letters. Thank you very much. Gawaine classics, I like reading them. Sue, this. Zane Angie! Mao Zedong 1964.

The name of "Shandong University" inscribed by Mao Zedong comes from the envelope of this letter. It is worth mentioning that Mr. Gao Feng's Mink Head was published in the first issue of Shi Wen Zhejiang (1964), which spread like wildfire and was widely read by readers. Because of its magnificent momentum, it was once mistaken for Mao Zedong's own work. At the same time, in the process of circulation, there are also some textual errors in many manuscripts. In order to correct the misunderstanding and clarify the facts, at the beginning of 1966, a responsible person of the Central Committee wrote to Mr. Gao, expressing the hope that the word could be reproduced in newspapers and periodicals, and Mr. Gao immediately agreed. So, not long after, this song "Water Tune Song Tou" met the readers in the 6th edition of People's Daily1February, 966 18.

1966 after the cultural revolution, Mr. Gao, like many professors, was forced to stop working, accept criticism and take part in manual labor. 1In August, 967, under the direct intervention of the headmaster, Mr. Gao was seconded to Beijing, where he first lived in Zhonghua Book Company, and then was arranged by the Ministry of Culture, which actually protected him.

work

brief introduction

Gao Feng's anthology is divided into ten volumes. Some of Mr. Zhang's academic works, such as Jin Zhu, Zhou Yi Da Zhuan Jin Zhu, Zhou Yi Za Zhu, Lao Zi Zhu Yi, Zhuzi Xin Zhu (including Mo Zi Xin Zhu, Zhuang Zi Xin Zhu, Xun Zi Xin Zhu, Han Feizi Xin Zhu, Lu Shi Chun Qiu Xin Zhu), are famous for their profoundness.

Evaluation of works

Mr. Gao Feng invested a lot of energy in the collation of ancient books and the study of Chinese studies, leaving a total of about 5 million words of academic works, covering Zhouyi, The Book of Songs, Chuci, pre-Qin philosophers, philology, ancient myths and many other fields, and enjoying a high reputation in academic circles. Mr. Gao Feng's academic career lasted for 60 years. The writing and publication of his works spanned a long period of time, and some works were not widely circulated because they were published earlier. It's hard to find them now. The publication of Gao Feng Anthology solved the problem of finding his works, and provided great convenience for comprehensively understanding and evaluating his academic achievements and learning his academic spirit and research methods.

There are five special books 15 and six loose papers 16, which are divided into ten volumes. In arrangement, special books with similar contents are put in the same volume. 17 The order of new papers is completely based on the publication time. 16 kinds of collected works, each of which has a "book description", or indicates the original theme, or briefly introduces the book-making process, or explains the version evolution, or explains the arrangement, which provides great convenience for readers to understand this book. At the end of the appendix, there are two biographies of Mr. Gao Feng and a chronology of Mr. Gao Feng, which provide readers with the necessary information about Mr. Gao Feng and his academic achievements, which is helpful for readers to understand his academics and deepen their understanding of his works.

volume one

Zhouyi Ancient Classics's notes.

(including the Book of Changes)

Zhouyi Ancient Classics's notes.

reorder

Old Preface (Excerpt)

for instance

This book quotes the Zhouyi bibliography.

Zhouyi Ancient Classics's current notes are fronted.

Zhouyi Ancient Classics Tong said

abstract

The first book "Zhouyi Suoyu"

In the Book of Changes, the names of hexagrams were accidentally dropped.

The third chapter is the source table of hexagrams in Zhouyi.

The fourth chapter is the classification table of the words in Zhouyi.

The fifth article Yuan Henry

Article 6 be generous and regret.

A new exploration of divination methods in Zhouyi

Zhouyi Ancient Classics's notes today, Volume 1.

Zhouyi Ancient Classics's Notes to the Text Volume 2

Zhouyi Ancient Classics's Notes to this article Volume 3.

Zhouyi Ancient Classics's notes now, Volume 4.

Essays of Zhouyi

Small order

Dialectical view reflected in the hexagrams in Zhouyi

Philosophical thought of hexagrams in Zhouyi

Philosophical Thought of Biography of Zhouyi

The literary value of hexagrams in Zhouyi

General Interpretation of Zhouyi in Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu

Volume II

Notes on Zhouyi Biography

Volume III

Notes on The Book of Songs

Volume iv

Notes on The Book of Songs

Selected songs of Chu

ancient myth

The fifth volume

Laozi is sincere.

Lao Zi's Interpretation and Translation

Volume VI

Hundred schools of thought's new notes

Zhuangzi Notes

Volume 7

Interpretation of Mohist classics

Annotation and Translation of Shang Jun's Works

Volume VIII

Introduction to literal semantics

General Festival Code of Ancient Chinese Characters (for the record)

Volume 9

Literature and history narration

Volume 10

Editing of supernumerary papers

appendix

Biography of Mr. Gao Feng

Mr. Gao Feng's Academic Chronology