In March of the fifth year of Jianxing (A.D. 227), Zhuge Liang took the Book of Example as his successor and led his troops to Hanzhong to prepare for the northern expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Gansu Longxi), Tianshui and Anding (Gansu Jichuan) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to bid for the war, and Cao Zhen supervised the right armies, adopting a strategy of giving priority to defense. The Shu army first threatened to capture the county by Xiegu Road, and made Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi lead an army as a suspected army according to Jigu (now northwest of Baocheng, Shaanxi Province), and Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and stationed in Jieting. Ma Su misdirected, defeated by Wei Jun, lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong (there is no such thing as an "empty city plan" to retreat Sima Yijun in official history). Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears, wrote a letter to demote himself three times, and took the post of Prime Minister as a right general.

In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went out of the Great Sanguan Pass this time, besieged Chencang for more than 2 days, and all the food was gone.

in the seventh year of jianxing (ad 229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the northern expedition for the third time. The Shu army headed west, taking Wei Wudu and Yinping counties and returning. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.

In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 231), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time, and surrounded Qishan with wooden cattle to transport grain. Sima yi resisted as commander in chief and overseers. Zhuge Liang led the main force against Sima Yi. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had come from a long distance and had limited food logistics, so he insisted on refusing to go to war by taking risks. Zhuge Liang ordered Li Yan to be in charge of logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang that the emperor ordered the withdrawal. After Zhuge Liang retired from the army, he lied to the court that the withdrawal was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked, "The rations are enough. Why did you suddenly retreat?" Therefore, Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letters as evidence in the court, signed them with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, removed him from Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong.

In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition, and left the oblique valley with a large army, according to Wuzhangyuan (now 4 miles south of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time, I made an appointment with Dongwu to attack Wei at the same time. However, Dongwu was slow to send his troops. Until May, Sun Quancai sent Lu Xun and Zhu Gejin to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Han Town, Hubei Province) to attack Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led an army around Hefei New Town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Dongwu first. He personally led the water army to March eastward, so that Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insisted on not fighting and let the Shu army's grain retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned the intention of Wei Zhu, he thought that his own side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons of the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled the field, intending to stay for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died suddenly at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army withdrew across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will before his death: "If you are buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave on the hillside, and the coffin can be placed in the grave. Wear ordinary clothes and don't bury objects. "