For IPA files signed with certificates, the usage time after installation depends on the validity period of certificates. If the certificate is revoked within the validity period, the software cannot be opened again, which is often called "logout". It will need to be re-signed, otherwise the application will fail.

Applications signed with AppleID are bound to the device ID. If the device ID of device A is selected when signing, the signed IPA file cannot be installed on device B. ..