Zhang Wenda, courtesy name Deyun, was born in Jingyang. Jinshi in the eleventh year of Wanli. I have known Gaoping and Wei counties for a long time, and they have favorable policies. The criminal department was conscripted to Shizhong. When Ningxia deploys troops, please use all of Shaanxi and Bufu to follow suit. After his father's death, he became an official and studied engineering. The emperor built two palaces, but the middle official Li Gan was eliminated, and other services were revived. He asked Dudley to stop, but he refused. The damage caused by the mining tax in Russia's Chen Dynasty said: "Eunuch Yin often dared to harass the county governor and even harassed important ministers when he was ordered to do so. However, the Sun Dynasty took the guard Chen Bao to train him, went to the furnace, killed officials, destroyed houses, dug graves, and did not ask if he was the right person. "What are the complaints and threats from all over the world?" The trial of Shandong, the famine and displacement in the roads of Shuchen, please urgently stop the mining tax from all over the world, none of them will be paid. Already, inspecting the factory warehouse. According to the story, merchants were ordered to produce the utensils of the inner palace, and they were given names to make money. They were called merchants. However, the emperor often offered bribes to those who were rich enough to ask for exemption. After asking about the dispute between the two, they also discussed the crime of observing discipline, so they couldn't sleep together. Entering the Etiquette Department was a success. In October of the 30th year, the situation changed and I asked to stop all mining taxes. The solar eclipses were all in April every year, and the change was particularly dramatic when the moon was pure yang. He successively asked for repairs, but his words were extremely dangerous, but the emperor finally refused to accept them. He moved to Taichang Shaoqing, and patrolled Huguang as the censor of Youqiandu. If the department suffers from floods, please ask for loans. The emperor's camp has three halls, and the wood is collected in Chuzhong. The bill is 4.2 million Yuqi. Many parties are in a tight situation, so the people can avoid heavy hardship. After a long time, he summoned the right minister of the Ministry of punishment to be in charge of the ministry affairs and also the affairs of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. In the winter of the first year of Tianqi, Zhou Jiamo was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. Even in charge of internal and external matters, he always holds public opinions. At that time, Wanli Zhong Jianyan made a mistake and was punished. All the ministers abandoned the forest for a long time, and more than half of them died. Wen Da and others decided that those who were given imperial staff, tied to prisons, and sent to the garrison were the first class, and those who were given to officials were given to Yinzi; those who were demoted, or reduced their status were first class, but were given to officials. Seventy-five recipients. When asked about Dali's bigger responsibilities, he held opinions in an even-handed manner, without being irritated or following along. First of all, when the rank is full, he is added as the crown prince and Taibao, and then he begs for leave and is sparse on the thirteenth. The imperial edict was issued and Shaobao was ordered to return. In five years, Wei Zhongxian was good at the country. The imperial censor Zhou Weiwei impeached Da Li and led the king's planting party to disrupt the government, so he stripped him and ordered him to donate 100,000 yuan to help the army. After a while, I asked Da Zu. The governor Zhang Weishu said that half of them would be spared, and the Wenda family was destroyed. In the early days of Chongzhen, he was given as a gift to the Taibao and to a sub-official.
(Excerpted from "History of Ming Dynasty·Zhang Wenda Biography")
4. Which of the following sentences with wavy lines in the text is correct (3 points)
A. Once the eunuchs were ordered to do so, they often dared to harass the county guards, and even harassed important ministers. However, the Sun Dynasty took the journey to guard Chen Baozai, and went to the pit to kill the officials. What’s the complaint?
B． The eunuchs who were ordered to do so in one dynasty often dared to harass the county guards, and even harassed important ministers. However, the Sun Dynasty took the journey to guard Chen Baozai, and went to the pit to kill the officials. What’s the complaint?
C. The eunuch Yin was ordered to do so in one dynasty/He often dared to challenge the county guard/He even harassed and molested the important ministers while the Sun Dynasty/He took the journey to guard Chen Baosai and arrived/Killed the officials/Destroyed the houses/Digbed graves/If you don't ask questions/Ruo Wanfang What’s the complaint?
D. The eunuch Yin once received the order/Dare to challenge the county guard/He even harassed the important ministers/And the Sun Dynasty sent Chen Baosai to train him/He killed the officials/Destroyed the house/Digged the grave/Not even asked questions/Ruo Wanfang What is the complaint?
5. Among the following explanations of the relevant content of the added words in the article, which one is incorrect (3 points)
A. Zhi: The meaning of hosting and managing. "Knowing Gaoping and Wei counties" in the article means that he served as the county magistrate of Gaoping County and Wei County successively.
B. Zhongguan: The text refers to "eunuch", which is an official in ancient China who is dedicated to the service of emperors, monarchs and their family members, also known as "eunuchs".
C. Dian examination: The highest level of the imperial examination. The emperor set the questions and officials went to the local area to preside over it. The article refers to Zhang Wenda as presiding over the imperial examination in Shandong.
D. Star changes: abnormal changes in the stars, which in ancient times meant that there would be disaster. For example, the celestial changes mentioned in the article, "Every year's solar eclipses are in April" are also "star changes".
6. In the following summary and analysis of the relevant content of the original text, which one is incorrect (3 points)
A. Zhang Wenda cared about the common people and cared about their sufferings. During the war in Ningxia, he requested that the arrears of taxes in Shaanxi be exempted; later in Shandong, he also requested the abolition of mining taxes, and the emperor agreed.
B. Zhang Wenda is upright and outspoken, and is not afraid of offending powerful people. The eunuchs benefited from the funds for building the palace, so he urged the work to be stopped; he discovered that the eunuchs were colluding with businessmen, and he went to court to ask for investigation.
C. Zhang Wenda is loyal and resourceful, and is good at seizing opportunities to give advice. He saw changes in the stars and believed that such situations often heralded unusual disasters, so he took the opportunity to ask the emperor to practice self-reflection, but the emperor did not accept it.
D. Zhang Wenda governs fairly and has the courage to shoulder important responsibilities. For those ministers of the previous dynasty who had been wronged for a long time or even died, he comforted and protected them according to the severity of the punishment.
7. Translate the underlined sentences in the text into modern Chinese. (10 points)
(1) However, those with high incomes bribed their neighbors to avoid being spared, and the emperor readily agreed to it.
(2) First, when the rank is full, add the prince and Taibao, and then beg for leave, sparing thirteen people.
Answer:
4.Answer B
5.Answer C. (There is confusion between "dian test" and "dian test". Dian test presides over the examination.
)
6. Answer A (The original text is "Please do all the taxes in Shaanxi and Bu, and follow this" and "Please stop paying all the mining taxes in the world." The emperor agreed to exempt the former, but the latter did not Report to the emperor)
7. Answer
(1) Translation: However, wealthy businessmen mostly bribed people around the emperor to request that their names be exempted, and the emperor always Agree.
5 points: The points are "赀" (money, goods), "shu" (most, most), "near luck" (people around the emperor), "脄" (always, Express emphasis) three places, each translation will be given 1 point for each correct place, and 1 point for the smooth meaning of the sentence.
(2) Translation: At first, due to the expiration of his term, he was granted the title of Prince Taibao, but now he begged to retire and wrote thirteen memorials.
5 points: Take the points of "rank full" (the official term has expired), "zhishi" (up to this time), "begging for retirement" (begging for retirement), "sparing on the thirteenth" (ongoing) Thirteen Taoist Memorials) three places, 1 point will be given for each correct translation, and 1 point will be given for the smooth meaning of the sentence.
Reference translation
Zhang Wenda, courtesy name Deyun, was born in Jingyang, Shaanxi. In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), he was a Jinshi and served successively as the magistrate of Gaoping County and Weixian County. He had good governance. He was recruited and assigned to the criminal department. When Ningxia was at war, he requested that all the taxes owed by the entire Shaanxi Province be exempted, and the emperor agreed. After serving his father's funeral, he resumed his official position and served as a left-hand engineer in the engineering department. The emperor was building a palace, and the eunuchs in the court benefited from embezzlement of public funds and built other projects. Zhang Wenda strongly requested to stop the work, but the emperor refused. Soon he stated the shortcomings of collecting mining taxes and said: "Once the eunuchs obeyed the emperor's order, they dared to report and impeach the faults of local governors, even to the governors, inspectors and other important officials. However, the Sun Dynasty colluded with Cheng Shouxun, Chen Bao and others , It went so far as to whip officials sent by the imperial court to death, destroy houses, and dig graves. If the emperor did not investigate in detail, how would he appease the dissatisfaction across the country? "Presiding over the imperial examination in Shandong, Shangshu stated that the hungry people along the way were displaced. The situation and the request for the abolition of the national mining tax were not reported to the emperor. Soon, he inspected the factory warehouse. In the past, it was customary for merchants to undertake the utensils of the inner palace, and they had to sign and then send them in. They were called merchants. However, most of the wealthy businessmen bribed people around the emperor to request that their names be removed, and the emperor always agreed. Zhang Wenda went to court twice to quarrel and tried his best to prove Cheng Shouxun's crime, but nothing happened and there was no news. Upgrading etiquette is a matter of course.
In October of the 30th year of Wanli (1602), the stars changed, and Zhang Wenda requested the abolition of all mining taxes. At that time, the solar eclipses in consecutive years were concentrated in April. Zhang Wenda believed that the appearance of the pure Yang moon indicated a particularly serious disaster. He successively asked the emperor to practice self-reflection. His words were extremely disturbing and pertinent, but the emperor ultimately did not accept it. Soon he was transferred to Taichang Temple Shaoqing and patrolled Huguang as the censor of Youqiandu. Floods occurred in Huguang and many requests were made for debt relief. The emperor was building three palaces and collecting wood in Huguang, which cost more than 4.2 million taels of silver. Zhang Wenda worked hard in many ways to save the people from many hardships. After a period of time, the right minister of the Ministry of Punishment was recruited. In addition to working in the headquarters, he also took care of the affairs of the Metropolitan Procuratorate.
In the winter of the first year of Tianqi (1621), he replaced Zhou Jiamo as Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. He is in charge of internal and external affairs and handles public discussions very harmoniously. By this time, the ministers who had been implicated and condemned during the Wanli period had been wronged for a long time, and most of them were dead. Zhang Wenda and others stipulated that those who were punished with imperial rods, imprisoned in prison, or exiled to the border areas were classified as first-class, and their descendants were given official positions and granted shady status; those who were demoted and exiled, or reduced their official positions to civilians were classified as first-class. Only their official positions were given posthumously. (Therefore) seventy-five people were protected.
Zhang Wenda has repeatedly shouldered important responsibilities, held fair opinions, was not extreme, and did not follow the crowd. At first, because his term of office expired, he was granted the title of Prince Taibao. He came here to beg for retirement and went to the Thirteen Taoshu. The emperor issued an edict to confer the title of Shaobao and returned home by post.
In the fifth year of Tianqi (1625), Wei Zhongxian came to power. Censor Zhou insisted on impeaching Zhang Wenda and tried his best to introduce Wang Zhicai to establish a faction and disrupt the government, so Zhang Wenda was deprived of his official position. The emperor ordered Zhang Wenda to donate 100,000 taels of silver to fund military construction. Soon, Zhang Wenda passed away. Due to the request of Governor Zhang Weishu, half of the donation was reduced. Zhang Wenda's family went bankrupt. In the early years of Chongzhen's reign, he was given as a gift to the Taibao, and one of his sons was appointed as an official.