The development and application of explosive welded stainless composite steel plate at home and abroad started late. Developed in 1960s, matured in 1970s, and entered into commercial production.
2. As early as 1930s, the method of rolling stainless steel clad steel plate attracted the attention of some researchers. Rolling compounding can be divided into hot rolling compounding and cold rolling compounding. This composite method has high yield, high dimensional accuracy and mature technical equipment, but it often needs surface treatment and annealing strengthening treatment.
Example:
Titanium-steel composite plate GB 8547-87
This standard is applicable to titanium-steel explosive clad plates or explosive rolled clad plates 1. 1 for corrosion-resistant pressure vessels, storage tanks and other uses: metal clad plates that enable titanium (composite materials) and ordinary steel (base materials) to achieve metallurgical bonding by explosive or explosive rolling.
1.2 The definitions of total thickness, external bending and internal bending of base materials, composite materials and composite plates shall conform to GB6396-86 "Performance Test Methods for Composite Steel Plates". 2. 1 Classification and code The classification and code of composite plates shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
Table 1 Production Category Code Usage Classification Explosive Titanium-steel Composite Plate Category 0
1 class
Type 2 business object
B 1
Class B2 O: High adhesive strength composite plate for transition joints, flanges, etc. , non-binding areas are not allowed.
1 class: titanium is used as composite plate with strength design or special purpose, such as tube sheet.
Type 2: Composite plate with titanium as corrosion resistance design, regardless of its strength, such as cylinder explosion rolling.
Titanium-steel composite plate 1 grade
Category 2 BR 1
BR2 Note: The explosive titanium-steel composite plate is indicated by the Chinese phonetic prefix "B" of "explosion"; Explosive rolling of titanium-steel composite plate. Chinese phonetic prefixes "Bao" and "Re". "BR" means.
2.2 Applicable materials Composite plates, composite materials and base materials shall comply with the provisions in Table 2, and the composite materials and base materials listed in the table can be used. Free combination. Other composite materials or composite plates with base materials can also be provided through negotiation between the supplier and the buyer.
Table 2 TA 1 and TA2 GB 362 1-83 titanium and titanium alloy sheets in composite substrates
Ti -0.3 Mo -0.8 Ni
Ti-0.2Pd GB 709-88 "Dimensions, Shape, Weight and Allowable Deviation of Hot Rolled Steel Plate and Strip"
GB 7 1 1-88 high quality carbon structural steel hot rolled thick steel plate and wide steel strip.
GB 7 12-88 hull structural steel
GB 7 13-86 carbon steel and low alloy steel plates for boilers.
GB 3274-82 Technical requirements for hot rolled thick steel plates of ordinary carbon structural steel and low alloy structural steel
GB 353 1-83 Technical Specification for Low Alloy Steel Thick Plate for Low Temperature Pressure Vessels
Low alloy steel plate for GB 6655-86 multi-layer pressure vessel
GB 6654-86 Supply Status of Pressure Vessel Steel and Low Alloy Steel Plate 2.3
The composite plate is delivered in the state of explosion (B) or explosive rolling (BR). Explosive clad plate is usually provided in stress relief (M) state, and its heat treatment system is described in Appendix A of this standard.
2.4 Specifications, overall dimensions and allowable deviation
2.4. 1 The thickness, width (or diameter) and length dimensions of the composite plate and their allowable deviations shall comply with the provisions in Tables 3 and 4. Other composite plates with special requirements for allowable deviation of specifications or dimensions can also be provided by both parties through consultation.
Table 3 mm composite plate thickness Allowable deviation of composite plate thickness, plate width (or diameter) Allowable deviation width < 1 100 width >100 ~1600 width >:1600 ~ 2200 8
19~28
29~46
47~64 0.8
1.O
1.2
1.5 + 15
O
+50
O
+50
+50
0 + 15
O
+50
+50
+50
0 +30
O
+50
O
+50
+50
O table 4 mm composite plate thickness, composite plate length and allowable deviation length < 1 100 length > 100 ~ 1600 length >: 1600 ~ 2800 length >: 2800 ~ 45008 ~/.
19~64 + 15
+50
0 + 15
+50
0 +25
+50
O negotiation
Negotiation 2.4.2 Tailor-welded composite plates with a width greater than 1 100mm or a length greater than 2200mm are allowed.
2.4.3 The thickness of composite plate is generally 1.5 ~ 10 mm, and the allowable deviation of composite plate thickness is not more than+10-20% of the nominal thickness of composite plate. The allowable deviation of composite thickness of explosive rolled composite plate shall not exceed +20-10% of the nominal thickness of composite plate.
2.4.4 The thickness interval of composite board substrate shall be implemented according to GB709-88.
2.4.5 The roughness of composite plate shall comply with the provisions in Table 5. When the buyer has special requirements, it can be determined through consultation between the supplier and the buyer.
Table 5 Classification of composite plate: Grade O, Grade 65438+Grade 0, Grade 2 thickness; Roughness of 30mm composite plate, mm/m
2.5 example of marking
2.5. 1 class 1 explosive composite plate, the composite material thickness is 6mm, A3 steel, the base material thickness is 30mm, the width is 1000mm, and the length is 3000mm. After the stress state is released, it is marked as follows:
TA2/A3 b 1M 6/30× 1000×3000 GB 8547-87
2.5.2 The marks of TAl with a composite thickness of 2mm, A3 steel with a base material thickness of 10mm, Class II explosive rolled composite plate with a width of 1 100mm and a length of 3500mm are as follows:
Tal/a3br22/10×100× 3500gb8547-873.1chemical composition
3. 1. 1 The chemical composition of the base material shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding standards.
3. 1.2 The chemical composition of the composite materials ta 1 and TA2 shall conform to GB3620-83 Chemical Composition of Titanium and Titanium Alloys; The chemical compositions of Ti-0.3mo-0.8ni and Ti-0.2Pd shall comply with the provisions in Table 6.
Table 6 Main components of chemical group,% impurity content,%; Other elements do not exceed titanium, molybdenum, nickel, palladium, iron, silicon, carbon and nitrogen.
Cable sum Ti-0.2 PD-based O.12 ~ 0.25 O.30 O.100.100.03 O.015 O.25 0.3 Ti-0.3 Mo-0.8 Ni-based O.2.
3.2 Mechanical Properties and Technological Properties
The mechanical properties and technological properties of the composite plate shall comply with the provisions in Table 7. In the bending test, after the sample is bent to a specified angle, there is no crack on the outside of the bending part, and the interface of the composite material is not allowed to delaminate.
Table 7 Tensile Test Shear Test Bending Test Tensile Strength σb
N/mm2 (kgf/mm2) elongation δ
% ② Shear strength τ, N/mm2(kgf/mm2) Bending angle α
Bending core diameter d
MmO composite plate and other composite plates > δb is greater than that of base material or composite material.
Lower limit of standard
The specified value of >; 196
(≥20) ≥ 138
(≥ 14) Inflection 180. The external bending is determined by the composite material standard, and the internal bending is subject to the base material standard.
Quasi-regulation is not twice as big.
Shoot twice;
When bent outward, it is a composite plate.
Note: ① When required by the user, the supplier can do the tensile test of the substrate, and its tensile strength should meet the requirements of the corresponding standards of the substrate.
② The theoretical lower limit standard value Δ b of composite plate tensile strength is calculated as 3.2. 1.
③ The elongation of explosive rolled composite plate can be determined by negotiation between the supplier and the demander.
3.2. The theoretical lower limit standard value δB of1composite plate is calculated as follows:
δB =(t 1σ 1+T2σ2)/(t 1+T2)
Where: σ 1- standard value of lower limit of tensile strength of base material, n/mm2 (kgf/mm2);
σ2—— the standard value of the lower limit of tensile strength of composite materials, n/mm2 (kgf/mm2);
T1-thickness of base material, mm;
T2-thickness of composite material, mm
3.3 Bonding area The bonding state and bonding area of the composite plate shall comply with the provisions in Table 8.
Table 8 Regional combination of Grade 0, Grade 65438+Grade 0 and Grade 2
The rate is 10096, and the area combination rate is greater than 98%. Length of a single unbonded area
Not more than 75mm, its area is not more than 45cm2, and the area bonding rate is more than 95%: the area of a single unbonded area.
Tailor-welded seams of base materials or composite materials with tailor-welded quality not greater than 60 cm2 3.4 shall meet the following conditions:
A. NDT shall be carried out for the composite weld and foundation weld, and the judgment standard and weld requirements shall be determined by both parties through consultation;
B the minimum width of the jigsaw puzzle shall not be less than 300mm;
C the butt weld distance between the base material and the composite material shall not be less than100 mm.
3.5 Surface quality
3.5. 1 The explosive clad plate shall have the original surface, and the explosive rolled clad plate with the length less than 3000mm shall have the pickling surface. When the buyer has special requirements for the surface, it can be determined by the supplier and the buyer through consultation.
3.5.2 Macroscopic defects such as cracks, peeling, warping, metallic or nonmetallic inclusions are not allowed on the surface of composite plate. Scratches, pits, dents and other defects. It is allowed not to exceed half of the thickness tolerance of composite materials.
3.5.3 It is allowed to remove local defects on the surface of the composite material along the processing direction, but the thickness of the cleaned composite material shall not be less than its minimum allowable thickness.
3.5.4 Tiny defects on the surface of composite materials that have not penetrated into the matrix are allowed to be repaired by welding, and the repaired surface should be flush with the surface of composite materials. 4. 1 arbitration analysis method for chemical composition
4. 1. 1 The arbitration analysis method of the chemical composition of the composite material is carried out according to the chemical analysis method of titanium and titanium alloy from 4698.438+0 to 4698.5438+06-84.
4. 1.2 The arbitration analysis method of the chemical composition of the base metal shall be carried out according to the chemical analysis method of 223. 1 ~ 223.50 steel and alloy.
4.2 Test methods of mechanical properties and technological properties The shear strength test, bending test and room temperature tensile test of composite plates shall be carried out according to GB6396-86.
4.3 Inspection method of bonding area The bonding state and bonding area of composite plate shall be inspected by ultrasonic flaw detection, and the flaw detection method shall be implemented according to Appendix B of this standard.
4.4 Inspection method of overall dimensions
4.4. The thickness of1composite plate shall be measured at a distance of not less than 100 mm from the top corner and not less than 20 mm from the edge.
4.4.2 The thickness of composite plate can be measured by micrometer and caliper, or by ultrasonic thickness gauge. When measured by ultrasonic thickness gauge, the average value of any 10 points is taken for each plate.
4.4.3 The thickness of composite plates and materials shall be measured according to the provisions of GB6396-86.
4.5 Surface quality inspection method The surface quality of composite plate is inspected with naked eyes. 5. 1 Inspection and acceptance
5. 1. 1 The product shall be inspected by the technical inspection department of the supplier, and the product quality shall meet the requirements of this standard.
5. 1.2 The buyer may reinspect the received products. If the re-inspection result is inconsistent with the provisions of this standard, it shall be put forward to the supplier within three months from the date of receiving the product, and the supplier and the supplier shall negotiate to solve it.
5.2 Composite plates shall be submitted for acceptance in batches, and each batch shall consist of products with the same brand (composite material/substrate), category, composite melting furnace number, specification, status and processing technology.
5.3 Inspection Items The inspection items of each batch of products shall comply with the provisions in Table 9.
Table 9 Composite Plate Type B0 B 1 B2 BR 1 BR2 tensile test O△△△△△0 shear test O 0 0 0 0 internal bending test O △△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo X represents the test items that don't have to be done.
5.4 Sampling position and sampling quantity
5.4. 1 The chemical composition of the composite material is quoted as the chemical composition of the original ingot, and the chemical composition of the parent material is quoted as the original certificate.
5.4.2 Inspection of mechanical properties and technological properties: 1 piece shall be taken from each batch of products according to the inspection items, and 1 piece shall be taken horizontally (shearing samples are not specified). It is allowed to cut samples from test plates or surplus materials in the same production cycle and process.
5.4.3 The bonding areas of composite plates shall be inspected one by one, and the inspection items shall comply with the provisions of Table 10.
Table 10 0 2 and 1 2 composite plates shall be inspected continuously within the width range of 50mm, and the rest shall be inspected at intervals of 200 mm along the grid. 5.4.4 The overall dimensions and surface quality of composite plates shall be inspected one by one. The measurement of composite thickness allows 1 sheet for each batch.
5.5 Repeat the test
In the mechanical and technological performance inspection, if the 1 sample is unqualified, double samples should be taken from the original inspection board (if the size of the original inspection board is not enough, it can be taken out from the same batch of products) or the test board, and the unqualified items should be reinspected. If there are still 1 unqualified samples after reinspection, the batch of products will be scrapped, or the unqualified items will be reinspected one by one. Those who pass will be delivered in groups again. Heat treatment system of composite plate
(Supplement)
When the composite plate needs stress relief annealing, the heat treatment system shall be as follows:
A. heat treatment temperature: 540 25℃;
B. heat preservation time: less than 3h;
C. heating and cooling speed: 80 ~ 200℃/h. Ultrasonic flaw detection method for titanium-steel composite plate
(Supplement)
This method is an ultrasonic flaw detection method of explosive and explosive rolled composite plate with steel or stainless steel as the base material and titanium as the composite material, and the total thickness is more than 8mm, and the single layer is compounded once.
B. 1 general requirements
B. 1. 1 is mainly used to detect the bonding degree between the composite material and the base material of the composite plate.
B. 1.2 method category this standard stipulates that longitudinal wave pulse reflection method (or multiple pulse reflection method) should be adopted for ultrasonic flaw detection. Contact method or water immersion method can be used.
B1.3 requirements for flaw detection personnel: flaw detection operators should reach the level of nondestructive testing personnel at ministerial level or above; The personnel who issue and interpret the inspection report should reach the level of ministerial level or equivalent to the second-level personnel of the Institute.
B. 1.4 flaw detection surface.
B. 1.4. 1 The surface of the composite plate shall be free of scale, oil stain, corrosion and other pollutants that affect flaw detection.
B1.4.2 flaw detection surface roughness Ra should not be greater than 5 μ m. ..
B. 1.4.3 Under the specified flaw detection sensitivity, the noise level of the material shall not be greater than 5%.
B.2 flaw detection equipment
B.2. 1 flaw detector
B.2. 1. 1 Use pulse reflection ultrasonic flaw detector. The flaw detector shall meet the technical performance indexes specified in ZBY 230-84 "General Technical Requirements for Type A Pulse Reflective Ultrasonic Flaw Detector".
B.2. 1.2 ultrasonic thickness gauge can also be used.
B.2.2 probe
B.2.2. 1 Use a straight probe with a round or rectangular crystal. Double crystal tilt probe and thickness measuring probe can also be used.
B.2.2.2 Generally, the crystal size is φ 10 ~ 30mm, the rectangle is (10 ~ 20) mm× (15 ~ 30) mm, and the frequency is 2.5 ~ 10~20)mm×.
B.2.3 When the coupling agent contact method is used for flaw detection, clean tap water can be used as the coupling agent, and water glass, soluble oil and glycerol can also be used.
B.2.4 reference block
B.2.4. 1 The reference block shall be made of composite plate material with the same or similar material thickness, acoustic performance and surface state as the detected composite plate.
B.2.4.2 The shapes and dimensions of reference blocks A and B are shown in figure B 1.
B.3 defect detection
B.3. 1 The choice of flaw detection surface depends on the surface state, composite thickness, acoustic impedance and appearance shape of the plate to be inspected, and it is decided whether to detect from the composite surface or the substrate surface.
B.3.2 flaw detection sensitivity
B.3.2. 1 The flaw detection sensitivity is determined according to the shape of the inspected plate.
B.3.2.2 Adjust the flaw detection sensitivity with reference blocks.
B.3.2.3 When detecting from the surface of composite material, put the probe in the complete combination position of reference block A, so that the primary reflected wave at the bottom of composite material substrate appears on the fluorescent screen, and adjust its amplitude to 80% of the full scale of the fluorescent screen.
B.3.2.4 When detecting from the surface of the substrate, place the probe at the defect center of the reference block B, so that the reflected wave of the defect appears on the fluorescent screen, and adjust its amplitude to 80% of the full scale of the fluorescent screen.
B.3.2.5 When multiple pulse reflection method is used, the probe should be placed at the complete combination position of reference block A or the defect center position of test block B, so that three bottom echoes or three defect echoes appear on the horizontal baseline of the fluorescent screen of the flaw detector, and the amplitude of B 1 or F 1 should be adjusted to 80% of the full scale of the fluorescent screen. (The amplitudes of B2, B3, F2 and F3 are determined by the material thickness).
Note: B 1, B2 and B3 are the first, second and third reflected waves at the completely combined site, respectively. F 1, F2 and F3 are the first, second and third reflected waves of defects.
B.3.3 determination of non-bonded area.
B.3.3. 1 Definition of non-bonded area In the detection process, if the broadening of the initial pulse signal disappears or the broadening of the defect pulse moves forward, this area is the non-bonded area.
B.3.3.2 Determination of non-bonded area When the surface of composite material is detected, if the reflected echo from the bottom of the substrate completely disappears, accompanied by repeated reflected signals from the interface between the composite material and the substrate, this part can be regarded as non-bonded area.
When detected from the surface of the substrate, if the reflected echo from the bottom of the composite material disappears completely, accompanied by the reflected signal (i.e. defect wave) from the interface between the substrate and the composite material, it can be considered as a non-bonded area.
Scope of non-bonded area
B.3.3.3. 1 When detecting from the composite surface, when the probe moves in any direction and the reflected wave at the bottom drops to 50%, it is the non-bonding area.
The width and length of the non-bonded area are shown in Figure B2.
Measure the distance that the probe moves, and the length inside the wafer is the length or width of the non-bonding area.
B.3.3.3.2 When testing from the surface of the substrate, adjust the reference block according to type B ... determine the range of unbonded area by half-wave height method.
In order to measure the moving distance of the probe, the center-to-center spacing of the wafer is the width and length of the non-bonding area.
B.3.4 correction of flaw detection sensitivity
In the process of flaw detection, due to some reasons, when the height of bottom echo or defect echo is different from the debugging status of B.3.2.3, B.3.2.4 and B.3.2.5, the sensitivity of flaw detector can be corrected to make the amplitude of bottom echo or defect echo reach 80% of the full width of the screen.
B.3.5 flaw detection speed
During manual inspection, the scanning speed of the probe shall not exceed100 mm/s/s. ..
B.3.6 defect record
B.3.6. 1 record the continuous or discontinuous points with bottom echo less than 50% (excluding the decrease caused by poor contact of surface state) found in the scanning, show them on the board with corresponding geometric figures, and calculate them.
Area. The reduction of bottom echo caused by internal defects of substrate or composite material should not be considered.
B.3.6.2 Approximate calculation method is adopted for calculating the area of non-bonded area.
B.3.6.3 Calculation formula of binding rate
t =(S-SF)/S * 100%……………………(b . 1)
Where: t- fitting rate;
S—— total area of composite plate, cm2.
SF—— the total area of unbonded area, cm2.
B.3.6.4 Calculation formula of unqualified rate:
f = SF / S * 100%……………………(B.2)
Where: f-mismatch rate;
Sf —— the total area of unbonded area, cm2.
S —— total area of composite plate, cm2.
B.3.7 When the thickness of the composite material is less than 2mm, the surface of the composite material can be detected with a thickness measuring probe or a bimorph inclined probe.
B.3.7. 1。 If the bottom echo moves forward or disappears, the interface pulse becomes wider, and when the double crystal oblique probe is used for detection, the area is a non-bonding area.
B.3.7.2 When the thickness probe is used for detection, the thickness of the fully bonded and non-bonded parts of the composite plate is directly displayed by the thickness gauge.
B.3.8 test report
B.3.8. 1 Record the flaw detection in detail and fill in the flaw detection report.
B.3.8.2 The inspection report includes:
A. Entrusting unit, entrustment date, entrustment number, contract number, material name, specification, status, category and inspection conditions;
B. the size and location of the non-bonded area;
C. unexplored areas:
D. various situations that must be explained;
E. date of inspection;
F. signature of flaw detector.