26 Pinyin letters Chinese Pinyin letters:
aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo PP Qq Rr Ss TT Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
First letter of Chinese phonetic alphabet:
b[Bo]p[Po]m[Mo]f[Buddha]d[De]t[Ne]n[Le]g[Ge]k[Ke]h[Drink]j[Base]q[Cheat]x[Xi]z[Zi]c[； Female, female, female, female, female, female, female, female.
Chinese phonetic vowels:
Monovowel a[ a] o[ oh] e[ goose] i[ clothes] u[ black]? [pedantic]
The vowels ai [ai] ei [ai] ui [Wei] ao [ao] ou [ou] iu [you] ie [ye]? Coconut [seed]
The vowel an[ an] en[ en] in [cause] un[ temperature]
After the nasal vowel ang[ ang] eng[ press] ing[ English] ong[ Yong]
Overall syllable recognition: four words and four senses to eat for ten days, one Wu Yuying, Yuan Yue, Ye Yun
Tone symbol:
Flat tone:-flat tone:/rising tone:? Dubbing: ﹨
Chinese Pinyin uses Latin letters and some additional symbols to express the pronunciation of Chinese. Corresponding to the division of Chinese syllable structure in Chinese Phonology (modern phonology), the formal composition of Chinese pinyin is also divided into three parts: initial, final and tone.
According to the provisions of Chinese Pinyin, Chinese Pinyin uses 26 modern basic Latin letters, which are case-sensitive, and the alphabetical order is the same as that of English letters. Where the letter V/v is specified in the scheme as. Spell loanwords, minority languages and dialects? Use. Since the practical function of Chinese Pinyin is limited to spelling Mandarin, no one cares about this rule now. However, the letter V/v, as a key position, has become a letter that cannot omit two additional symbols in the Chinese Pinyin Scheme General Keyboard Representation Specification. Specifies the alternate representation of the universal keyboard.
It may sometimes be noted that the font used in the release of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is Century Goth, which is slightly different from the common Latin letters. The main difference is that there is no serif, the letter A is lowercase ι, and the letter G is lowercase π. This habit has been used all the time, but the Chinese Pinyin scheme itself does not stipulate which font to use. These two words are mostly used in linguistic monographs and publications of formal Chinese education and teaching Chinese as a foreign language in Chinese mainland, especially in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The reason for this design is mainly because students who are new to pinyin letters will mechanically imitate the glyphs of common printed letters A and G when writing. However, with the popularization of English education in Chinese mainland, how to print has become harmless. And the scheme also stipulates that the writing of letters follows the general writing habits of Latin letters. ? It can be seen that the Chinese phonetic alphabet and other common basic Latin letters are not two sets of letters.
The scheme of Chinese Pinyin also uses some additional symbols, mainly tone symbols and letters. The two-point symbol opens. Although the number of combinations of the former and letters is limited, the specific combination with which letter is actually temporary, because a tone symbol represents the change of the whole syllable, or, does it represent a kind of? Supersonic phoneme? ; The latter is derived from the German vowel inflection letter (Umlaut), which, when combined with the letter U, stands for a vowel ([y]). There is also an extremely rare additional symbol, which is formed on e/z/c/s? /? /? /? And it represents a single vowel ([? ]) and three fricative initials zh/ch/sh.
alphabet
The letters A A B B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X X Y Y Z
Pronunciation (pinyin) a b? c？ d？ e？ f g？ Ha, Yi Jie k l? m n？ o p？ Qiu ar? s t？ Wu v? Vahia z?
Pronunciation (phonetic notation) ㄚㄅㄝㄘㄝㄈㄡㄝㄏㄚ丨ㄐㄝ?
Note: The pronunciation of letters should not be confused with the pronunciation of letters.
The first letter of a Chinese syllable
The consonants at the beginning of each syllable in Chinese can form initials. 2 1 initial * * is specified in the Chinese phonetic alphabet "Initial List".
However, Chinese syllables begin with more than 2 1 consonant. In the actual language process, semi-vowels, glottis and some nasal sounds may become the dominant sounds of a Chinese syllable. Phonology divides these consonants into zero initial segments, such as? Ann? (Ann)? English? (English)? Words? (text)? Yuan? (Yuan) and so on are all zero initials. Because the consonant hearing of zero initial is not obvious, and Chinese Pinyin belongs to phoneme Pinyin rather than phoneme Pinyin, the Chinese Pinyin scheme does not recognize its initial position, and thinks that the syllable of zero initial is a syllable with no initial but only vowels and tones.
The 265,438+0 initial symbols specified in the Chinese Pinyin Scheme are arranged as follows in the original order of the initial list:
Letter b p m f d t n l
Pronunciation: Touch the Buddha and you will know the truth.
Letter g k h j q x
Pronunciation: I don't know what to do, but I don't know what to do.
Letter zh ch sh r z c s
Phonetics, knowledge, poetry, education, thinking.
According to this scheme, zh/ch/sh can be omitted. /? /? Ng can be omitted as? . However, these symbols are not commonly used.
According to the distribution of consonants corresponding to initials, it can be listed as follows (the international phonetic symbols in square brackets are for reference only):
Stops, affricates, affricates and nasal edges.
Voiced voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless.
No air supply, no air supply, no air supply.
Double lip sound b [p] p [p? ] m [m]
Lip sound f [f]
The tip of the tongue sounds d [t] t [t? ] z [ts] c [ts？ ]s[n]n[l]l
Roll tongue sound zh [t? ] ch [t？ ] sh [？ ] r [？ ]
Flat tongue j [t? ] q [t？ ] x [？ ]
Tongue root sound g [k] k [k? ] h [x]
Monovowel or compound vowel (of Chinese syllables)
Chinese pinyin has 37 vowels. They are:
Monovowel vowel I
Yi u
ㄨ?
祝祝
a
Ah, the internal affairs department
Sorry, ua.
frog
o
Oh, uo
Wo Wo
e
goose
?
ㄝㄝ ie
Hey, what's up? e
conclude a contract
hiccup
??
Compound vowel ai
Aiai
This is a mistake.
Engineering index (abbreviation of The Engineering Index)
You (you) me
the Kingdom of Wei（220-265 A.D）
Angola
ㄠㄠ ao
What a nice waist.
University of Oxford
Ouiou
I am excellent.
Nasal vowel an
(vii) Ian.
ㄢㄢ cigarette shop
What happened? One; one
injustice
(constituting a verb) means "to put in a state of ..."
ㄣ Ennien
ㄣㄣ University
What is the temperature? (constituting a verb) means "to put in a state of ..."
Oh, my God.
American Newspaper Guild (abbreviation for American NewspaperGuild)
I don't know, I don't know, Liang
ㄤㄤㄤㄤㄤ
king
electronic news gathering
Constant vowel, English.
ㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥ Engen, or the same as ueng.
ㄨㄥ Weng Tonghe
Thai singer Notpong mowseen
ㄨㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ ㄥ
Yongyong
Precautions:
1.？ Knowledge, ignorance, poetry, Japan, education, women and thinking? The vowel of the word equal is i.
2.
3. vowel ㄦ is written as er, and it is written as r when it is used as the ending of rhyme.
4. Is the vowel ㄝ written when it is used alone? .
5. When there is no vowel before the vowel in the I-train, it is written as yi (meaning), ya (elegance), ye (leaf), yao (Yao), you (friend), yan (Yan), yin (Yin), yang (Yang), ying (English) and yong (Yong).
6. The vowels in the U-column are written as wu (Wu), wa (Frog), wo (Wo), wai (crooked), wei (Wei), wan (curved), wen (Wen), wang (Wang), weng (Weng) and so on.
7.？ When there is no vowel before the vowel, it is written as Yu (pedantic), Yue (about), Yuan (unjust) and Yun (dizzy).
8.？ A column of vowels is written as ju (ju), qu (qu) and xu (xu) when spelled with initials j, q and x, and l? (Lu), n? (female).
9. When initial consonants are added before 9.iou, uei and uen, they are written as iu, ui and un. For example, Niu (Niu), Gui (Gui) and Lun (Lun).
There are only 1 vowel or 1 vowel band 1 nasal consonant. This vowel is called rhyme belly, and the nasal consonant with it is called rhyme ending. A vowel consisting of two vowels is a vowel with a large opening. The vowel before the vowel is called a vowel or a middle tone, and the vowel after the vowel is called a vowel. If a nasal consonant has three vowels or two vowels, the middle vowel is rhyme, the first vowel is rhyme, and the vowel or nasal consonant after rhyme is rhyme.
Someone once divided vowels into four categories according to their vowels, which are called four calls, that is, open calls (a, o,? , e), teeth (I), mouth (u) and mouth (? )。 The vowel table of Chinese pinyin is arranged in this way. According to the scheme of Chinese Pinyin, when initial consonants are added before iou, uei and uen, they are written as iu, ui and un. For example, Niu (Niu), Gui (Gui) and Lun (Lun).
pay attention to
Mandarin Chinese has four tones, and the four tone symbols are:
* the first sound, (flat sound, or flat sound,);
* The second tone, (rising tone or rising tone,? ˊ? );
* the third sound, (up, or up,? ˇ? );
* Fourth tone, (louder or louder? ˋ? );
The rising tone symbol is written from the lower left (rising and falling), and the falling tone symbol is written from the upper left.
Light tone is out of tune in Chinese Pinyin. In some dictionaries, light tone is expressed by adding points before syllables.
Each Chinese character consists of a syllable, which consists of a vowel and an initial. Tones should be marked in the upper part of vowels, which can be omitted for convenience.
The rules for the location of marked tones in Chinese Pinyin are as follows:
1. If there is an A, put a mark on it.
2. If there is no A, but there is O or E, mark these two letters. These two letters will not appear at the same time.
3. Without O and E, there must be I, U or? . If I and u appear at the same time, mark the second vowel. This is especially true for ui and iu (the actual pronunciation of these two sounds should be uei and iou). If I and U do not appear at the same time, mark the vowels that appear.
Tones are marked with the original tone, not the tone sandhi. But in phonetic teaching, tone sandhi can be used as needed.
Syllable separator ()
When syllables starting with O and E are connected to other syllables, if the boundaries of syllables are confused, please separate them with a sound insulation symbol ('), such as P?' M: O (fur coat), x: and' ā n (Xi 'an).
function
Chinese Pinyin has played a great role in popularizing literacy and primary education. At the same time, it also provides a very important tool for etymology to compare Chinese with other languages. Compared with other rules of Chinese Latinization in the past, its rules are simpler and its pronunciation is more standardized than Mandarin. It systematically embodies the law of pronunciation of Putonghua.
With the popularization of computers, Chinese Pinyin is also a very common Chinese input method.
Because Chinese Pinyin is a pronunciation-only system, it can't replace Chinese characters. Articles that spell Chinese characters with Chinese Pinyin are difficult to understand, so it is not a formal writing method, but an auxiliary tool for Chinese. Hanyu Pinyin is a unified standard for romanization of Chinese, which is used in areas where Chinese characters cannot or are inconvenient to use.
Bopomofo
Because Chinese characters are complicated, it takes time to learn, unlike English input into a computer directly. In order to develop Latin Chinese phonetic alphabet, Chinese character reformers are studying the problems of word segmentation, differentiation and finalization of homophones on the basis of Chinese phonetic alphabet scheme. China Language Modernization Society has done a lot of work to realize bilingualism in China.
Since the abolition of the second batch of simplified characters in 1986, the Chinese government has adopted a language policy focusing on maintaining the status quo and pursuing the continuity and stability of language use. Latinization of Chinese characters? Plan of
Chinese Pinyin Standard Edition 1. Initial consonant:
bb Pp M M Ff Dd TT Nn Ll Gg Kk Hh Jj Qq Xx Zz Cc Ss Rr Yy Ww
Second, the tongue:
zh ch sh
Third, the single vowel:
A o e I u u (there are two points on it)
Fourth, compound vowels:
Ai ei ui ao ou iu ie ue (u there are two points above u) er an en in ang eng ing
Five, the overall recognition of syllables:
Chi Chi Yi Shi Wu Yuyin Ye Yunyue
Pinyin list:
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn
Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
Initial consonant table
BP
d t n l
China Daily
zh ch sh r
z c s
y w
Rhyme table
An o e i u?
ai ei uiao ou iu ie？ er
En in un
Ying Ying Ying
Initial consonant table
BP
d t n l
g k h
j q x
zh ch sh
r z c s
y w
Rhyme table
An o e i u?
ai ei ui
Aoou iu
ie？ er
En in un
Ying Ying Ying
Chinese phonetic syllable list
B Bobo Bai Bei Bao Ban Benben Benben Benben Benben Benben Benben.
Clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap.
My mother, I bought someone full of dreams and dreams, and Miaomiao was sensitive and bright
F fa fo Fei fou fan fen Fang feng
Dade Di Dao Du Dan Dang Di Di Di Dior Ding Dian
T ta te tai Tao tou tan Tang Teng Tian ting
That's because the brain is not tender, so you can be better in the year of Nie Bird.
La-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.
G ga ga gei Gao Gou gan gen steel root
K kake opens his mouth to see Kenkang pit
Haha, it's very hengheng after getting along with Hei Hai.
J Jijia Street Jiaojiu Jinjian Jiang Jing
Q Qiqi Qiqi Bridge Qian Qiu Qiang Qin Qing
The new image of Xiao Xie Xiuxian under x xi
Zh zha zhe zhi zhai zhao Zhan Zhou Town Zhang Zheng
China Cha Che Chi Chai Sucks Chan Chen Changcheng
Sh sha she shi Sun Shao Shou Shen Shan Shangsheng
R, spare the meat in a hot day, and still make way
Z-impurity is self-impurity, and it goes dirty early.
Cangjie formation in Cen Can
s sa se si sai sao sou san sen sang seng
Y Yayaya Yangyan Yu Ye Yuan Yue Yiyin Operation
W wa wa wai wan Wen Wang Weng Wu
Pronasal vowels (5) n en in un? n
Four (4) ng eng ng vowels in the nasal vowels.