Satisfied, please adopt.
Question 2: How to distinguish a rock crystal from a semi-precious stone in Taobao does not mean that it is fake. This is the viewpoint of jewelry taxonomy. Crystals are generally classified as semi-precious stones. Gems generally include diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds. Semi-precious stones refer to amethyst, topaz, garnet, tourmaline, topaz, prehnite, titanium crystal, fluorite, etc. These are all natural. Generally, very high value is in gem series, and slightly lower value is in semi-precious stone series.
What you said is natural. But whether the real thing is genuine or not needs to be screened.
Synthetic is another matter.
If it helps you, please accept it as a feeling.
Question 3: How to distinguish true and false gems? Gems include diamonds, luminous pearls, opals, jadeite, rubies and sapphires. That's expensive and artificial gem's value. Although beautifully made, they are all fake gems and the like. Generally speaking, fake gems can be divided into four categories, namely, plastic and glass imitations; The second is to combine imitations similar to precious stones; 3 fake diamonds and compounds (such as alumina); The fourth is to add minerals with transparent pigments and pretend to be gems. Here are some understandings.
Appearance: the lines of real gems are clear and natural, with cloud and crystal characteristics; Fake gems have no natural lines, clouds and crystals.
Second, heat: heat slowly becomes a real gem, which is hot and has a cold sense of tactile test; The feeling of contact with heat after the fake gem dissipates heat quickly.
3. Observation with a magnifying glass: The surface of the fake gem is arc-shaped, with obvious signs of internal spiral streamline, round or oval bubbles, crack casting and so on. But real gems don't have this phenomenon.
Hardness: 10 degree, ruby and sapphire are 9 degrees, and the hardness of gemstones is low. Without affecting the beauty of the website, look at the diamond lottery of the stone, if you can leave scratches on the real diamond; You can also look at topaz gems as a reference (hardness 8), if you leave traces of real gems.
Five colors: red, blue, green, orange, purple, yellow and so on. Such as ruby, pigeon blood red is the best, natural gemstones are seen with a magnifying glass, and there are also inclusions and cracks; And artificial gem is particularly pure, with no impurities, no bubbles and no traces of "doing".
6. Multicolor: How to really color a gem? Such as a side view of the sun overlooking sapphire blue and blue-green; Fake gems don't have this function.
Seven, fire roasting: real gems will not be roasted; In the case of baking fake gems, when the temperature rises to 90 degrees Celsius, it will break, which may be because of fake.
Question 4: How to distinguish the authenticity of a gem appraisal certificate? You can check the serial number of the certificate online. If it is confirmed that it is this thing, and it is recognized by this appraisal institution, you may wish to contact the institution that issued the certificate by telephone.
Question 5: How to tell whether a diamond is genuine or not? Identify diamonds:
Oiliness test: use a special pen or ballpoint pen dipped in oily ink to draw a line on the diamond table, which will leave an uninterrupted straight line. However, other imitations are not lipophilic, leaving intermittent dotted lines at the scribe line.
Water drop test: the water drops on the diamond will remain spherical for a long time, while the water drops on the imitation will disperse in a short time.
Breathing test: breathe into the diamond, if the water vapor on the diamond disappears, it will become a real diamond immediately; If the water vapor stays on the diamond for a few seconds and then disappears, it is a fake diamond.
Sensory test: At room temperature, diamonds and their imitations are much cooler when you touch them with your tongue.
A simple way to identify diamonds
With the increasing demand for jewelry and diamonds, the market for fake diamonds such as artificial diamonds is expanding, and even some jewelry operators can't tell the difference. Here are some simple ways to identify the authenticity of diamonds.
1, single refraction of diamond
The single refraction of diamond is determined by its essential characteristics. While other natural gemstones or artificial gem are mostly birefringent. When the fake diamond is observed with a magnifying glass of 10 times, it is easy to see that the edges and corners overlap, and two bottom lights are exposed at the same time from the slightly inclined front. If the difference in birefringence is small, such as zircon, you can also see the image of overlapping background light.
2. Adsorption of diamonds
Diamonds have a certain affinity for grease and dirt, that is, oil stains are easily adsorbed by diamonds. So touching the diamond with your fingers will feel sticky, and your fingers seem to feel sticky. This is not found in any gem. This method needs training to master the nuances.
3. Characteristics of straight lines
The surface of the diamond is polished very smoothly. Dip the pen in ink and cross the diamond. If it is a real diamond, the surface will leave a smooth and continuous line, which is characterized by a straight line. Forgery will leave dots and lines. Observation in this way should be made with the help of a magnifying glass.
4. Unique diamond luster
Under the incandescent light of 100 degree, it is easy to see which diamond has diamond luster by comparing with the counterfeit. This method should not be carried out in too dark or too strong light.
Question 6: How to distinguish between true and false emeralds The English name of emeralds originated from ancient Persia and later evolved into Latin Smaragdus, which became the English name today around16th century. Emerald is also called green, emerald. The ancient Greeks called emeralds luminous gems. The molecular formula is Be3Al2[Si6O 18]. The refractive index is 1.564- 1.602, the birefringence is 0.005-0.009, and the polychromatic color is not obvious. The crystal system is hexagonal. The hardness is 7.5. The density is 2.63-2.90g/cm3. Emerald is. Crystal simplex is hexagonal column and hexagonal bipyramid, mostly rectangular column. * * * The body is granular and massive. Anisotropic body, emerald green, glassy, transparent to translucent. Incomplete cleavage, shell-like fracture and fragility. Under the irradiation of X-rays, emeralds emit very weak pure red fluorescence. The difference between emeralds and similar natural green gems, synthetic emeralds and fakes. Similar natural green gems include fluorite, green tourmaline, apatite, jadeite, green sapphire and garnet containing chromium, vanadium, calcium and aluminum; Artificial emeralds and imitations include synthetic emeralds, beryl, foil-lined emeralds and oiled emeralds. The differences are as follows: fluorite, blue-green, isotropic, low hardness 4, density 3. 18 g/cm3, larger than emerald, light blue fluorescence. Green tourmaline and dark blue green tourmaline become pure green after treatment, with obvious dichroism, high birefringence, 0. 18 and high density. Apatite, light green apatite, with blue hue, small hardness of 5, large refractive index of 1.632- 1.667, and phosphorescence under ultraviolet light. Emeralds, high-quality translucent emeralds are more like emeralds, but emeralds have a fiber interwoven structure with finer fibers, which emeralds do not have. Eclogite contains chromium, vanadium, calcium and aluminum, emerald green, isotropic, and has a strong diamond luster. Emerald is synthesized artificially by flux growth method and hydrothermal method, with rich colors, strong red fluorescence under ultraviolet light and bright red under color filter. There are also beryl three-layer stones, foil-lined emeralds, oil-colored emeralds, etc., which can be distinguished from emeralds after careful observation and identification. Evaluation and purchase of jadeite. The evaluation and purchase of emeralds are based on color, transparency, cleanliness and weight. Natural emeralds mainly include Colombian emeralds, Urals emeralds, Brazilian emeralds and Zimbabwean emeralds. The colors are mostly transparent and bright emeralds, yellow-green and so on. The appearance is soft and fluffy, and the inclusions are common. It is bright in the polarizer, and there are four light and shade changes in 360-degree rotation, which is an anisotropic body. Polychromaticity is not obvious under dichroic mirror. Pink under the color filter. Emerald is fragile, afraid of high temperature, will fade in case of fire, and will easily burst at high temperature, so be very careful when wearing and storing it. Except emeralds and aquamarine, gem-grade beryls of other colors are collectively called green gemstones. Beryl often presents different colors because of the trace elements in the transition group. The main varieties are as follows: (1) yellow emerald (also known as golden beryl): English name Heliodor, which comes from Greek and means sun. It is a transparent beryl crystal, which is yellow, golden yellow and light lemon yellow because of its iron chemical composition. Glass luster. Refractive index 1.570- 1.575, birefringence 0.005. With light green yellow to yellow multicolor. The hardness is 7.5 and the density is 2.68-2.70g/cm3. Good toughness. (2) Rose beryl (also known as red beryl or cesium beryl): English name is Morganite, named after American gem lover J. P. Morgan. It is also a transparent beryl crystal. It is pink and rose red because it contains lithium, cesium or manganese. Most of the crystals are irregular plates. The color has obvious banding phenomenon. Glass luster. The refractive index is 1.572- 1.592, and the birefringence is 0.006-0.008, which increases with the increase of cesium content. Polychromaticity is remarkable, from light red to deep blue red. The hardness is 7.5, and the density is 2.71-2.90g/cm3. The fluorescence emitted under ultraviolet light is very weak and bright red. Good toughness. In addition, there is amethyst emerald (also known as amethyst beryl), which is a purple beryl with a color like crystal; Aquamarine beryl is a kind of yellow-green beryl, and its color is very similar to yellow-green olivine. Goshenite is a colorless and transparent beryl; Dark brown-green column ... >>
Question 7: How to distinguish between true and false emeralds The English name of emeralds originated from ancient Persia, and later evolved into Latin Smaragdus, which became the English name today around16th century. Emerald is also called green, emerald. The ancient Greeks called emeralds luminous gems. The molecular formula is Be3Al2[Si6O 18]. The refractive index is 1.564- 1.602, the birefringence is 0.005-0.009, and the polychromatic color is not obvious. The crystal system is hexagonal. The hardness is 7.5. The density is 2.63-2.90g/cm3. Emerald is. Crystal simplex is hexagonal column and hexagonal bipyramid, mostly rectangular column. * * * The body is granular and massive. Anisotropic body, emerald green, glassy, transparent to translucent. Incomplete cleavage, shell-like fracture and fragility. Under the irradiation of X-rays, emeralds emit very weak pure red fluorescence. The difference between emeralds and similar natural green gems, synthetic emeralds and fakes. Similar natural green gems include fluorite, green tourmaline, apatite, jadeite, green sapphire and garnet containing chromium, vanadium, calcium and aluminum; Artificial emeralds and imitations include synthetic emeralds, beryl, foil-lined emeralds and oiled emeralds. The differences are as follows: fluorite, blue-green, isotropic, low hardness 4, density 3. 18 g/cm3, larger than emerald, light blue fluorescence. Green tourmaline and dark blue green tourmaline become pure green after treatment, with obvious dichroism, high birefringence, 0. 18 and high density. Apatite, light green apatite, with blue hue, small hardness of 5, large refractive index of 1.632- 1.667, and phosphorescence under ultraviolet light. Emeralds, high-quality translucent emeralds are more like emeralds, but emeralds have a fiber interwoven structure with finer fibers, which emeralds do not have. Eclogite contains chromium, vanadium, calcium and aluminum, emerald green, isotropic, and has a strong diamond luster. Emerald is synthesized artificially by flux growth method and hydrothermal method, with rich colors, strong red fluorescence under ultraviolet light and bright red under color filter. There are also beryl three-layer stones, foil-lined emeralds, oil-colored emeralds, etc., which can be distinguished from emeralds after careful observation and identification. Evaluation and purchase of jadeite. The evaluation and purchase of emeralds are based on color, transparency, cleanliness and weight. Natural emeralds mainly include Colombian emeralds, Urals emeralds, Brazilian emeralds and Zimbabwean emeralds. The colors are mostly transparent and bright emeralds, yellow-green and so on. The appearance is soft and fluffy, and the inclusions are common. It is bright in the polarizer, and there are four light and shade changes in 360-degree rotation, which is an anisotropic body. Polychromaticity is not obvious under dichroic mirror. Pink under the color filter. Emerald is fragile, afraid of high temperature, will fade in case of fire, and will easily burst at high temperature, so be very careful when wearing and storing it. Except emeralds and aquamarine, gem-grade beryls of other colors are collectively called green gemstones. Beryl often presents different colors because of the trace elements in the transition group. The main varieties are as follows: (1) yellow emerald (also known as golden beryl): English name Heliodor, which comes from Greek and means sun. It is a transparent beryl crystal, which is yellow, golden yellow and light lemon yellow because of its iron chemical composition. Glass luster. Refractive index 1.570- 1.575, birefringence 0.005. With light green yellow to yellow multicolor. The hardness is 7.5 and the density is 2.68-2.70g/cm3. Good toughness. (2) Rose beryl (also known as red beryl or cesium beryl): English name is Morganite, named after American gem lover J. P. Morgan. It is also a transparent beryl crystal. It is pink and rose red because it contains lithium, cesium or manganese. Most of the crystals are irregular plates. The color has obvious banding phenomenon. Glass luster. The refractive index is 1.572- 1.592, and the birefringence is 0.006-0.008, which increases with the increase of cesium content. Polychromaticity is remarkable, from light red to deep blue red. The hardness is 7.5, and the density is 2.71-2.90g/cm3. The fluorescence emitted under ultraviolet light is very weak and bright red. Good toughness. In addition, there is amethyst emerald (also known as amethyst beryl), which is a purple beryl with a color like crystal; Aquamarine beryl is a kind of yellow-green beryl, and its color is very similar to yellow-green olivine. Goshenite is a colorless and transparent beryl; Dark brown-green column ... >>
Question 8: How to identify the authenticity of a gem necklace? Identification of true and false jade articles
Jadeite nephrite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite jadeite calcium magnesium iron silicate jadeite sodium aluminum silicate.
This paper introduces some uses to identify the authenticity of jade articles:
(1) water mark
Dewdrop-shaped jade is a real jade after a long period of dispersion.
(2) Touch by hand
If the real jade is cold, lubricate it by hand.
(3) Observation
When the jade is in a bright place, observe whether the color is clear and whether the green is uniform.
(4) tip recognition
If you lick the real jade on the tip of your tongue, you will think it is fake jade.
External observation with a magnifying glass mainly focuses on cracks and cracks, and their values decrease.
Jade quality appraisal
The six criteria for identifying jade are color, transparency, uniformity, shape, tapping and illumination.
(1) color
Emerald green, red and purple jadeite is only emerald 1/5. If jade contains four colors: red, purple, green and white, it is called Fulu Xi Shou. If it contains red, green and white, the color of Fu Lushou is dim, and the color of light yellow and monochromatic jade is even.
(2) Pass
Transparent crystal glass has no dirty spots, chaff and astringent products, and translucent and transparent jade is another name for grade jade. Before the Qing Dynasty, jade with red, green and white colors was called jadeite. Modern jadeite generally refers to transparent jade. At present, jadeite is transparent and green.
(3) uniforms
Jade color is heavy and even, although it contains white and green color, but its value is low.
(4) Shape
The shape of jade is processed according to the same aesthetic requirements, and the same special standard says that the more jade, the better.
(5) Knock on the door
Jade is as easy to observe when broken or cut. Knocking with a metal bar or gently throwing jade on the table will make the sound clear, and the clearer the sound, the clearer it will be.
(6) according to
Jade can easily find black spots and flaws with the naked eye. Look at it with a mirror of 10 times.
Jade 10, its white jade is fine, three grades, and its color and transparency are low.
Jade is slightly pale with light blue (commonly known as evil color). Another kind of jade powder and crystal made of salt water looks like dark pit jade. Identification is simple. In the same proportion as jade, it is true jade when weighed by hand or with a flat plate.
At present, the market is mixed with some beautifully processed fake jade, which looks, listens and measures like fake jade.
(1) Look
It mainly depends on the transparency, internal structure, luster and other real jade transparency of the crystal. The oily luster pattern is easy to imitate from the internal fiber state.
2. Listen
Real jade sounds crisp, while fake jade sounds boring.
(3) measurement
The main hardness test standard of glass plate (friction hardness 5.5) is that jade and turquoise can scratch glass plate. Jade itself is as soft as fake jade.
Like fake jade, plastic and glass processing are amorphous materials. The essential feature of low-density materials is that plastics can be picked or scraped with steel needles. Light floating glass lamps or bubbles in sunlight can be displayed through polarizers, and raw materials can be made into spiral stripes.
Quality identification of jadeite jade
Many members of the jadeite family are precious, and the jadeite seed ore has extremely high hardness and little output. Its color is mainly green and red, which is called emerald.
(1) Emerald grade
(1) Super grade: bright green (emerald) and apple green glass (translucent and delicate), with uniform and bright impurity cracks.
(2) Commodity grade: green, oily blue, slightly transparent, mixed translucent, grandmother green veinlets and spots are green.
③ Ordinary grade: lotus root powder, bean green, light green, white, delicate and slightly transparent jade ornaments.
(2) Quality identification of jadeite jade
① The transparent or translucent surface of jadeite is oily and shiny. Careful observation shows that the nearly round and slightly transparent salt particles wrap the fibrous substances around them.
2 hardness Emerald Mohs hardness is 7 degrees, leaving marks with a sharp knife; Fake jade with low hardness and sharp knife marks
(3) Emerald is observed by strong light, and its mineral particles are called Cui Hua or Emerald; Fakes made of glass, plastic and porcelain are all green.
(4) Phase density (specific gravity) The jadeite structure is hard and dense, and the bubble density is crisper than the knocking sound; The counterfeit product has loose structure or the bubble density is hoarse and crisp compared with the knocking sound.
⑤ Real jade is rich and pure. Some fakes are made of white jade, serpentine, Australian jade, Han Guoyu, marble and even miscellaneous stones. After decoloring, they are poured into high-hardness plastic slurry for coloring or soaked in green liquid to make colored jadeite. The green lines are messy and fine. Although the lines are turbid, the gloss is poor and its weight is lighter than the real thing.
The counterfeit is put into boiling wax liquid, and the injected pigment is slowly analyzed and tested, which not only destroys the sample, but also can distinguish the true from the false.
Observe the color change of purple genuine products of color jade mirror with Celsi filter.
The glass melting structure of fake jadeite is loose, the green bubbles are even and dark, and the sound is hoarse when struck with a hard instrument.
(3) Jade shopping
(1) look at the color to see whether the color is pure, rich and uniform, and use a spotlight flashlight to check whether the variegated color is hidden. Slightly impurities are better jadeite and emerald with higher price. Their red, purple and green are tender, and their seedlings are slightly yellow. Even jade, river green and oil green cloth are better.
② Observe the transparency. The more transparent, the better.
(3) It is best to listen to a crisp and pleasant voice.
(4) Observing the flower light of jadeite stone, it is observed that the mineral particles of jadeite are shiny (namely emerald), and there are few massive white flowers.
⑤ Look at those black cracks ... >>
Question 9: How to identify the authenticity of the gem identification certificate? The authenticity of the jewelry appraisal certificate is appraised from the following aspects.
Step 1: Tag (the certificate also depends on the tag)
We can confirm that the testing organization that issued the certificate has passed those special qualifications through the sign on the certificate. The sign on the general certificate is "CMA"
"CMA" is the English abbreviation of China Metrology Certification. It is a comprehensive certification and evaluation of the testing ability and reliability of testing institutions by the people's metrological administrative departments at or above the provincial level in accordance with the provisions of the Metrology Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the National Metrology Law. This symbol only indicates that the organization is a unit that has passed the measurement certification review and is a necessary qualification for any unit that issues a jewelry appraisal certificate. The inspection report marked "CMA" can be used for product quality evaluation, results and judicial appraisal, and has legal effect.
Step 2: Appearance description (look at the model and observe the sample)
The next step is to confirm whether the purchased jewelry and jade are consistent with the samples described in the certificate, including the photos of the samples, the weight on the label and the weight on the certificate, and whether the appearance and description of the jewelry correspond.
Photos are the direct evidence to distinguish different jewels and jade, and the identification certificate photos are clear and accurate, which will greatly increase the difficulty of forgery. However, in some cases, because the jewelry styles are similar and the photo features are similar, it is difficult to distinguish them. In this case, the accurate weight is another valid data that can be verified. In addition to photos and weight, the appraisal certificate will also provide some distinctive appearance features, such as the sugar color of jade, the size of bracelet and so on.
Step 3: Test the content (the most important content).
This step should be the content of the exam that we are most concerned about, and we should know which content on the certificate is the most important.
Grading certificate of inlaid diamonds: the most important thing to pay attention to is the color grade and clarity grade of diamonds, and some certificates also have the cut ratio of diamonds.
Purity inspection certificate of precious metal ornaments: the most important thing is of course the type and content of precious metals.
Jewelry and jade appraisal certificate: the inspection conclusion is the most important. According to the national standard, natural jewelry and jade are no longer marked with the word "natural", but must be marked with artificial processed or synthetic gems, such as: the conclusion is "ruby", which means that this ruby is pure natural; "Ruby (treatment)" means the specific treatment method, which means that this ruby is a natural gem, but its appearance has been improved by some artificial treatment; "Synthetic ruby" means that ruby is not naturally produced, but is purely synthesized by artificial laboratory.
"Remarks" column: Generally, some relatively special samples will be encountered in the testing process, which will be explained in the remarks. For example, in the appraisal certificate of Hetian jade, once the surface treatment is involved, the specific treatment method will be indicated in the remarks.
Step 4: Official seal or inspection mark
In order to prevent the certificate of appraisal institution from being forged, the appraisal certificate must be stamped with the official seal of the unit, and the red official seal as the inspection mark is often not printed with the certificate, but stamped after inspection.
Now some large authentication machines are carrying out heavy anti-counterfeiting. For example, Xinjiang Rock and Mineral Gem Quality Inspection Station added the function of online inquiry in the new certificate issued in 2007. When inquiring, you need to enter the batch verification code and enterprise verification code, which is convenient for consumers to verify and understand the relevant information of jewelry and jade purchased online.
Step 5: Understand the standards.
The general appraisal certificate will also indicate the appraisal and identification standards of jewelry and jade. The current national standards specifically include:
GB/T 16552 name of jewelry and jade; GB/T 16553 jewelry and jade identification; GB/T 16554 diamond classification; GB/T 18043 nondestructive testing method of precious metal jewelry content: x-ray fluorescence spectrometry; GB 1 1887 Rules and naming methods for the purity of precious metals in jewelry.
If you see one or two of these standards on the certificate, you can know what standards jewelry and jade are tested according to. In addition, the certificate should also have the signatures of more than two appraisers and the date of identification of the certificate. Knowing these five parts, you will find out whether your favorite baby is true or not, and if the certificate doesn't match.
Step 6: Understand the basics.
The following is the noun explanation of the inspection items that are often seen on the jewelry appraisal certificate:
Color color
Color is the feeling produced in the brain by the response of the optic nerve of the fundus to light waves (visible light from 390nm to 780nm). After visible light is selectively absorbed by an object, the color produced by the mixing of its remaining light waves is the color of the object.
Light ... >>