Question 2: What is the harm of schistosomiasis? The harm of schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by human or mammal infection with Schistosoma japonicum. People suffering from schistosomiasis will seriously damage their health. Before 1950s, due to the serious epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in China, residents in the epidemic areas died in batches, and the bodies of countless patients were ravaged, resulting in rural desolation and desolation, and many tragic scenes such as "uninhabited village", "widow village", "Luohan village" (ascites as big as a drum) and "coffin field" appeared. In the 1940s, more than 80,000 people died of schistosomiasis in Yangxin County, Hubei Province, destroying more than 7,000 villages and about 1.5 million hectares (more than 230,000 mu) of barren farmland. 1950, farmers in Xinmin Township, gaoyou county City, Jiangsu Province went into the water to work in Luozhou Beach. Among them, 40 19 people suffered from acute schistosomiasis, 1335 people died, 45 families died, and 9/kloc-0 orphans stayed behind, showing a tragic scene of "ghosts singing in every family".
Schistosomiasis is not only a serious hazard to human health, but also to livestock. Livestock infected with schistosomiasis have diarrhea, emaciation and growth retardation, which reduces the epidemic power. If not treated in time, it may lead to death and seriously affect the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. From 65438 to 0980, more than 200 beef cattle purchased from Junshan Farm in Hunan Province were infected with Schistosoma japonicum quickly, and none survived.
Because schistosomiasis seriously harms human health, affects the economic development of epidemic areas, and harms others and themselves!
Manifestations of advanced schistosomiasis
Schistosoma cercariae repeatedly or seriously infected with Schistosoma japonicum, if not treated in time or incompletely, can form schistosomiasis cirrhosis and develop into advanced schistosomiasis. Advanced schistosomiasis mainly includes the following types:
1, ascites type: tax payment is one of the main signs of schistosomiasis in the late stage. The patient has abdominal bulge, loss of appetite, sallow complexion, emaciation and aging.
2. Spleen enlargement: Spleen enlargement is one of the main manifestations of advanced schistosomiasis. With the development of the disease, the spleen is obviously enlarged. There is always a lump in the left abdomen, and I feel like falling down every year. The spleen of patients with megasplenism can exceed the umbilical line and even enter the pelvic cavity of lower abdomen. At the same time, it is accompanied by hypersplenism such as obvious decrease of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
3. Dwarf type: After children or adolescents get advanced schistosomiasis, there may be growth and development obstacles. Adolescence is a "little old man" with short stature, underdeveloped sexual organs and no fertility, and is called a dwarf. Some dwarfs are accompanied by ascites and splenomegaly.
4. Colon hyperplasia: manifested as abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, or diarrhea and constipation alternately. There may be bloody stools and mucus stools, and there is still a feeling of defecation after defecation. In severe cases, incomplete intestinal obstruction occurs. The patient can feel the cord-like mass in the lower abdomen and has tenderness. Some patients have granuloma in colon, which can induce intestinal cancer.
Common complications of advanced schistosomiasis include upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic coma.
Where is the easiest place to get schistosomiasis, and the place where schistosomiasis is easy to infect is called the susceptible zone. Generally speaking, people and animals often go to places infected with snails. In addition, a large number of cercariae spread to the snail-free area with the water flow, causing infection.
Different types of epidemic areas have different landforms in their susceptible areas. In water network areas, sensitive areas are often located near residential areas. Such as places frequented by residents in production and life, or near docks where boat people and fishermen often dock, or near cowsheds and ferries where cattle cross rivers and waters, or in irrigation and drainage canals. In lakes and swamps? Rivers, lakes, isolated islands or uncultivated areas with high density of infectious snails and frequent human and animal activities. The susceptible areas in hilly and mountainous flat dam areas are often ponds, ditches and streams near residential areas. Terraces are the main susceptible areas in alpine regions, followed by grass beds for grazing livestock and pits, ponds and ditches.
Question 3: How many Class A infectious diseases are schistosomiasis in the world? Class A infectious diseases are also called compulsory management infectious diseases, including plague and cholera. The time limit for reporting the epidemic situation after the occurrence of such infectious diseases, the isolation of patients and pathogen carriers, the treatment methods, and the treatment of epidemic spots and epidemic areas have all been implemented. Class B infectious diseases Class B infectious diseases are also called strictly controlled infectious diseases, including: SARS, AIDS, viral hepatitis, polio, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, epidemic encephalitis B, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, scarlet fever and brucellosis. Such infectious diseases should be prevented and controlled in strict accordance with relevant regulations and prevention and control programs. Among them, infectious atypical pneumonia, pulmonary anthrax among anthrax, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza and influenza A (H 1N 1) are classified as Class B, but the prevention and control measures of Class A infectious diseases can be taken directly. 26 kinds of Class B infectious diseases, covered with linen and hung with hooks; (Tetanus, measles, brucellosis, whooping cough, leptospira) Birds * * * (tuberculosis) suck brains and livers. (SARS, avian influenza, meningitis, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis japonica, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis B) Greyhound fever, red plum cold, (polio, rabies, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, scarlet fever, syphilis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever) white rice went to the altar of AIDS (charcoal). (Diphtheria, amebic dysentery and bacillary dysentery, dengue fever, gonorrhea, AIDS, anthrax) Class C infectious diseases Class C infectious diseases are also called monitoring and management infectious diseases, including influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, filariasis, infectious diarrhea except cholera, bacillary dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.
Question 4: There are several kinds of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. There may be schistosome cercariae released by snails in the water body with snails. When it comes into contact with human skin, cercariae will drill into the skin and enter the blood, and finally parasitize in human mesenteric vein, causing schistosomiasis. Macrobrachium macrobrachium is the intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis and has nothing to do with Schistosoma japonicum.
Question 5: How do I know if I have schistosomiasis? Anyone who has been exposed to infected water and has signs and symptoms such as itchy skin, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea or purulent bloody stool should go to the schistosomiasis control station (station) in time, or go to the local health center for serological testing. If eggs or miracidium are found in stool examination, schistosomiasis can be diagnosed. Schistosomiasis can be prevented and cured, not terrible. If you have schistosomiasis, you should go to the local schistosomiasis control station as soon as possible and take praziquantel orally in time. Acute schistosomiasis needs hospitalization. The incubation period of schistosomiasis is generally about 65438 0 months. According to its course and main clinical manifestations, it can be divided into three stages: acute stage, chronic stage and late stage. (1) Acute schistosomiasis: It is more common in a large number of first-time infected people, mostly occurring in summer and autumn, with acute onset and mainly systemic symptoms such as fever. More than half of the patients have abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatomegaly and tenderness, especially in the left lobe, and more than half have mild splenomegaly. (2) Chronic schistosomiasis: asymptomatic patients are only found in the general survey, while symptomatic patients are common in abdominal pain, diarrhea, emaciation, anemia, fatigue and decreased labor. (3) Advanced schistosomiasis: Clinically, advanced schistosomiasis can be divided into splenomegaly, ascites, colon hyperplasia and dwarf, and there can be two or more types of the same patient. In addition, ectopic damage caused by schistosomiasis is more common in lung and brain. dream
Question 6: What is part of the schistosomiasis project initiated by the government?
Question 7: What is a blood sucking worm and what is its harm? The life history of Schistosoma japonicum includes six stages: adult, egg, miracidium, cysticercus, cercaria and larva.
People infected with Schistosoma japonicum or other mammals excrete eggs from feces. If feces pollute the water, eggs are brought into the water and larvae hatch in the water. Cysticercosis can swim freely in the water, and actively drill into the snails in the water, develop into female cysticercosis, and reproduce asexually to produce cysticercosis.
After secondary reproduction, a large number of cercariae are produced, and the cercariae swim freely in water without snails. After people come into contact with water containing cercariae through various ways, such as production and labor, domestic water, swimming, etc., cercariae will quickly enter human skin, become larvae after entering the skin, grow and develop for a certain period of time, and finally settle in blood vessels near the liver and intestines and mature into adults. Female and male adults embrace, mate and lay eggs. Each female can lay two or three thousand eggs a day. This cycle is the life of Schistosoma japonicum, that is, the life history.
In the life history of Schistosoma japonicum, there are two kinds of hosts, one is human and other mammals parasitized by adults, called definitive host, and many mammals can become the definitive host of Schistosoma japonicum; The other is snail parasitized by larvae, which is called intermediate host. Oncomelania hupensis the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum.
Schistosomiasis is an endemic parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum parasitic on human body. There are three main kinds of schistosomiasis parasitic on human body: Schistosoma aegypti, which is prevalent in North Africa; Schistosoma mansoni prevalent in Latin America and Central Africa and Schistosoma japonicum prevalent in Asia. Because only schistosomiasis japonica is prevalent in China, it is usually referred to as schistosomiasis japonica for short. Schistosomiasis japonica is seriously prevalent in the Yangtze River basin and thirteen provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions south of the Yangtze River in China. It is estimated that there are more than 10 million patients in the early days of liberation. It is the most serious parasitic disease in China. After liberation, * * * launched a large-scale prevention and control work, and the epidemic situation was basically controlled. However, during the Cultural Revolution, due to the interruption of prevention work, schistosomiasis re-emerged and spread. We should actively carry out prevention and control work.
Replenishment of amphibians and trematodes;
Schistosomiasis, commonly known as "belly disease", is an infectious parasitic disease caused by human beings or mammals such as cattle, sheep and pigs infected with schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease caused by adults parasitic on human body. It is mainly prevalent in 73 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, with about 200 million patients.
Schistosoma japonicum is also called Schistosoma japonicum. Polypodiaceae, trematoda. There are three kinds of Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma aegypti and Schistosoma mansoni parasitic on human body. Schistosoma japonicum is parasitic in the portal vein system of humans and animals, which can cause schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Schistosoma japonicum is the main pathogen of schistosomiasis in China, and its adult is hermaphrodite. Male worms are short and thick, milky white or grayish white, and often bend to the abdomen in a sickle shape; Biting and sucking the abdomen are obvious. After the abdominal sucker, the two sides of the worm bend to the ventral surface, forming a groove, which extends to the tail end, and is called the female-holding groove, which is the part where the male hugs the female to mate. The female worm is obviously thinner and more linear than the male worm. The blood flow of the worm can reverse to the static fat end of intestinal submucosa, where the folded male and female insects mate and lay eggs. Some of these eggs flow to the liver, some are deposited on the intestinal wall, and some are free in the appendix, pancreas, stomach, brain and other organs.
There are five kinds of Schistosoma japonicum parasitic on human bodies in the world, namely Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma meyeri. At present, schistosomiasis japonica is mainly prevalent in China, the Philippines and Indonesia, with many transmission links and complicated epidemic factors. It is the most serious of all human schistosomiasis.
Schistosoma japonicum is parasitic in the blood vessels of humans or host animals. The eggs produced by Schistosoma japonicum are excreted in feces, hatched into cercaria in water, infected with intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis, released a large number of cercaria after maturity in Oncomelania hupensis, drilled into human or animal hosts to develop into adults, mated and laid eggs, and caused diseases. Among them, there are more than 40 kinds of mammals that can infect and spread Schistosoma japonicum, such as cattle, pigs and sheep. Schistosoma japonicum was first identified by Japanese scholars in 1904 and named as Schistosoma japonicum.
Schistosomiasis is divided into acute and chronic diseases. Acute schistosomiasis occurs when a large number of cercariae are infected, and the patients develop rapidly, which can develop to the late stage or directly enter the state of failure in a short time, leading to death. Chronic schistosomiasis generally develops slowly, which affects physical strength in different degrees in the early stage, and then appears ascites, splenomegaly, dwarfism and other symptoms after entering the late stage. Patient ..... >; & gt
Question 8: What is the national policy for schistosomiasis patients? The State Council's instructions on eliminating schistosomiasis and the State Council's instructions on eliminating schistosomiasis.
(120 April 957)
People's committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, State Economic Commission, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Fisheries, Ministry of Chemical Industry, Ministry of Light Industry, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Land Reclamation, Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Health, Xinhua News Agency, Broadcasting Bureau, China Academy of Sciences, National Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, and the second, fifth and seventh offices of the State Council:
Schistosomiasis has been prevalent in China for a long time, and it is extremely harmful to people. Epidemic areas are all over more than 350 counties (cities) in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Shanghai 12 provinces (cities). The number of patients exceeds 1 0 million, and the population threatened by infection exceeds10 million. According to a typical survey, about 40% patients have symptoms and their labor force has been damaged to varying degrees; About 5% to 10% are terminal patients, and most of them have lost their labor force and have been threatened with death. Sick children affect development, and sick women are mostly infertile. Due to the influence of diseases, there is a general phenomenon of population decline and output decline in wards.
In a very small number of wards, it has even developed into a barren rural area and a broken family. For example, there are more than 1000 households in Gengtou Village, Baifu Township, Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province. By 1945, there were only two people left, 90% of whom died of schistosomiasis. Nianzixia Village, Tangxi Township, Guichi County, Anhui Province, had 120 families more than 100 years ago. Now there are only four people in Cao Jinyu's family, three of whom are still suffering from schistosomiasis. Wang Lachun lives in Dahewan, Dongshan Township, Xiaogan County, Hubei Province. Fifteen years ago, there were ten people in the family. Now, except myself, they all died of schistosomiasis. According to the survey in Northeast Township, Mianzhu County, Sichuan Province, 94% of cattle were infected with schistosomiasis. These facts fully show that schistosomiasis has become the most harmful disease in the current epidemic situation in China, which has seriously affected the agricultural production in the epidemic areas. If it continues to spread, it will endanger the health and prosperity of our country. Therefore, the eradication of schistosomiasis has become a serious political task at present, and we must fully mobilize the broad masses in schistosomiasis endemic areas and resolutely fight for the eradication of this disease.
Our people have a long history of fighting schistosomiasis. Due to the indifference of the reactionary ruling class to the people's sufferings, the people's struggle against schistosomiasis has been spontaneous and scattered, and many effective prevention and control experiences circulated by the people have not been concentrated to improve and popularize, so it is impossible to stop the development of the disease. After liberation, China and people have done some work and accumulated some experience in schistosomiasis control. However, because the task of rural social reform was not completed at that time, it was impossible to mobilize the broad masses to carry out comprehensive and repeated struggles, so it was impossible to achieve greater results. Since * * * Central Committee put forward "1956- 1957 National Agricultural Development Program" (draft) and the national agricultural cooperation was basically completed, with the joint efforts of the Party, * * and people in epidemic areas, great achievements and new experiences have been made in the prevention and control work in the past year:
First, the leadership of the Party and * * * on prevention and control work has been greatly strengthened. Leading groups for schistosomiasis prevention and control have been set up in the central government and party organizations at or above the county level in epidemic areas, as well as in most party organizations at or above the township level. In most areas, people's committees at or above the township level have set up prevention and control committees. The health departments of provinces (cities) have also established more than 1400 prevention and control institutes, stations and groups, trained more than13,000 prevention and control cadres, more than 84,000 health workers of agricultural production cooperatives and more than 25,000 district and township cadres, forming a prevention and control team. Five provinces (cities) have basically completed the survey, and other provinces have also carried out surveys to varying degrees, generally finding out the epidemic situation of diseases and generally carrying out pilot work.
The second is to mobilize the masses, mobilize and organize scientific and technological forces, and carry out mass prevention and treatment. According to incomplete statistics, all provinces (cities) in China have carried out snail control work over10.50 billion square meters. Not only farmers in endemic areas, but also farmers, students and officers and men in non-endemic areas participated in snail control. Where snail control is repeated for three times and meets the requirements, the mortality rate of snails generally reaches about 95%, and snails have been eliminated in six towns and villages. In addition, many achievements have been made in mobilizing the masses to control feces and protect water safety. Departments in all related fields ... >>