AD 1063 (the eighth year of Jiayou), was honored as lord protector; Later, he was appointed King of Huaiyang County.
1064 (the first year of Zhiping), was named Ying Wang.
In a.d. 1066 (the third year of Zhiping), he was appointed as the crown prince.
From an early age, Zhao Yong was "studious, but forgot to eat". When he was a prince, he liked to read "indecent assault", and he was very interested in the skills of legalists to "enrich Qiang Bing". I have also read Wang Anshi's Last Words of Renzong, and I am very appreciative of Wang Anshi's thoughts on managing finances and governing the country. In the first month of A.D. 1067 (the fourth year of Zhiping), Song Yingzong died and Prince Zhao Yong succeeded to the throne. The following year changed to Yuan Xining. After Zhao Yong ascended the throne, the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty faced a series of crises. The military expenditure is huge, the bureaucracy is bloated and the political expenses are numerous. In addition, a large number of old coins were given to Liao and Xixia every year, which made the financial deficit of the Northern Song Dynasty year after year. According to "History of Song Dynasty", the financial deficit in Song Dynasty reached more than 1065 (two years of Pingzhi). Due to the merger of powerful people, the exploitation of usury and the aggravation of taxes, farmers have repeatedly rebelled. At a time of internal and external troubles and financial difficulties, Zhao Yong had doubts about the "Law of Ancestors" formulated by Song Taizu and Song Taizong. Young Zhao Yong has ideals and dares to break the tradition. He firmly believes that political reform is the only way to alleviate the crisis. In order to make Qiang Bing a rich country, ease class contradictions and save the crisis of feudal rule, he did not treat the palace, did not do anything by chance, abolished the patriarch and presided over the political reform with Wang Anshi. With the help of Wang Anshi, the Song Dynasty began an unprecedented reform, and carried out many reforms in politics, economy and military affairs, which had a great influence on the Zhao and Song Dynasties.
A.D. 1068 (April of the first year of Xining), Wang Anshi was appointed to Beijing. Zhao Yong was very excited when he heard that Wang Anshi had come to Beijing, and immediately called him into the palace. After meeting Wang Anshi and listening to Wang Anshi's political, financial, economic and military reform strategies, Zhao Yong deeply felt that Wang Anshi was a talent who could achieve great things with himself. Wang Anshi was also moved by Zhao Yong's ambition to make Qiang Bing rich. They came together because of the same ideals and beliefs. Undeniably, Zhao Yong's reform ideal at the beginning of his succession can be put into practice, which is closely related to Wang Anshi's support. In A.D. 1069 (February, Xining II), Zhao specially appointed Wang Anshi as a political advisor, mainly responsible for political reform. At the same time, adjust personnel arrangements and form a new ruling team. The reform measures can be roughly divided into three parts: the law of enriching the country, the law of strengthening the army and the law of recruiting scholars. Then the new law was gradually introduced. As soon as the new law was promulgated, it attracted accusations and abuse from the government and the people. It criticizes the new law not only from the content and interests, but also from the ideological and moral point of view, saying that Wang Anshi "changed his ancestors' laws" and "enriched the country with the skill of strengthening the army, inspired his ambition, wanted to get close work and forgot his old studies". "This is called Shang Yang's political reform, but it is against Monk to talk about economic interests, and contempt for the old has become a conformity. In the face of numerous arguments from the DPRK, Wang Anshi was unmoved and shouted the slogan "Things change without fear, people speak unkindly, and the laws of their ancestors are not observed". Zhao Zu expressed support for Wang Anshi, saying: "People can talk about morality, but they can't talk about fame and fortune, which is of no help. "Advocate morality and fame and fortune, and oppose the old-fashioned talk about morality and political inaction. In the dispute between the two factions, a number of officials who held negative opinions on the reform were successively dismissed: for example, Cheng "invited the new law to leave Yingzhou" in the Imperial History; The admonition officers, Liu Qi, Sun Changling, Wang Zishao, Cheng Hao, Zhang Jian, Sean, Xie, Yang Hui, Herry Liu, Fan Chunren, Chang Li, Sun Jue, Yang, etc. were speechless and left in succession. "Fan Zhensan, a bachelor of Hanlin, said that he was a young crop and served as an official"; Ouyang xiu begged to be an official, "but let it go"; Fu Bi explained the phase with green seedlings "; Wen Yanbo said that the market is easy to compete with the next, "Yanbo defends Wei".
In A.D. 1070 (the third year of Xining), Wang Anshi was a prime minister with greater power, so new laws on farmland, water conservancy, young crops, total loss, Jiabao, exemption from labor, market exchange, horse protection and Tian Fang were promulgated one after another, and the reform entered a climax. In order to formulate and implement the new law in a timely and effective manner, Zhao Yong has set up the "Three Divisions Regulations Division", that is, the specialized agency that formulates the regulations of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Taxation and the Ministry of Salt and Iron, presided over by Wang Anshi and Chen Shengzhi, a member of the Privy Council; In this institution, Zhao Yong listened to Wang Anshi's recommendation and used a number of new people, such as Lv Huiqing, Cai Que, Lu, Shen Kuo and so on. Although the new law is strongly supported by Zhao Yong, it is difficult to implement. Because the new law violated the interests of privileged bureaucrats, big landlords and big businessmen in many ways, the reform was strongly opposed from the beginning. This opposition was supported by Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager and Empress Zongshen. At the same time, due to the defects of the new law itself, it was opposed by some honest ministers, including Su Zhe, Han Qi and Sima Guang. Zongshen's idea also began to hesitate. Conservative ministers opposed the new law, and Wang Anshi was prepared for it. However, the split within the reformists dealt a particularly heavy blow to Wang Anshi. At this time, Zongshen didn't listen to Wang Anshi as he did a few years ago, and sometimes he didn't even pay attention to his opinions. Wang Anshi once sighed to Zong Shen: "Everything in the world is like cooking soup, lighting a fire and splashing a spoonful of water. How can you cook? "
/kloc-in the spring of 0/076 (the ninth year of Xining), Wang Anshi repeatedly asked to resign due to physical illness. In June, Wang Anshi's son died in his prime. Wang Anshi was heartbroken, mentally stimulated and unable to concentrate on political affairs. Zongshen had to let Wang Anshi resign and award jiangning house. In the second year, Wang Anshi even resigned as the official title of jiangning house. Since then, Wang Anshi has not returned to the DPRK until 1086.
Wang Anshi's two dismissals were the result of Zhao Yong's compromise with conservative forces. Zhao Yong's aim is to keep his throne and gain the support of ministers and future generations, but his political goal of enriching the army through political reform has not changed. While appeasing the old-school ministers, he activated the deposed old-school figures Lv Gongzhu, Feng Jing and Sun Gu, and at the same time insisted on reform to balance the forces of the new school and the old school.
In the second year after Wang Anshi's second strike, Zhao Yong changed his name to "Yuanfeng" and went from behind the scenes to the front desk to personally preside over the political reform. However, political reform is still accompanied by opposition. Losing Wang Anshi made Zhao Yong very sad. He had to face great pressure alone, which made him angry. He decided to take tougher measures to implement the new law and severely punish officials who opposed the reform. Zhao Yong has not stopped the process of reform. Through his continuous efforts, centralization of authority, which was more conducive to absolute monarchy, was basically established in the Song Dynasty, and its basic system was implemented until the end of the Song Dynasty, with no major changes. The disaster of redundant officials occurred in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, which not only caused a huge bureaucratic system and a sharp increase in officials, but also caused a large number of bureaucrats to occupy important positions and do nothing. Inefficiency, muddling through is prevalent. Of course, this bureaucratic system is not conducive to state affairs and cannot meet the needs of reform. Therefore, after careful consideration, Song Shenzong made up his mind to reform the bureaucracy.
First of all, we must rectify the central organs so that "Taiwan, provincial, health and supervision officials will perform their respective duties, and those who are famous in the air will not be moved, but will easily get ranks so that they can manage their posts." Appropriately merge institutions and reduce officials, so that officials can live up to their names and have the right to hold positions. There are three provinces: Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu, which are in charge of the central administration. The head of Zhongshu Province announced the emperor's order, replied to the memorial meeting of ministers, decided on the appointment and removal of important officials, and set up eight offices, including the official residence. The director of the province under the door discussed the matters decided by Zhongshu Province. Shangshu Province is an administrative organ, with a prime minister, which is divided into six departments and exercises actual power. However, the Ministry of War only cares about Garbo and the militia, and the actual military power is still in the hands of the emperor and the Privy Council. In this way, the shortcomings of the central organs since the early Song Dynasty were reversed, and the strange phenomenon that "the three provinces were ruined without warning, and the six Cao officials were not the masters" was eliminated.
Secondly, Song Shenzong unified the salaries of officials all over the country, instead of officials who only received salaries in name, they were replaced by corresponding titles, and salaries were distributed according to levels, so as to facilitate the assessment and use of officials, so that "the scholar-officials in the Qing Dynasty would take office and know their responsibilities without falling out of favor" and give full play to the enthusiasm of officials.
Although Song Shenzong's Yuanfeng reform had certain positive effects, he could not and could not carry out thorough institutional reform and streamline officials under the historical conditions at that time, so he had good wishes, but he could not achieve the goal of consolidating the reform results. Politically, Zongshen is still trying to maintain the New Deal. After Wang Anshi's first attack, the conservative forces thought that current events would change greatly. However, Zongshen made it clear that the new law "is not safe between two times, and it will be completed at the end of the term." Scholar-bureaucrats flatter them and say what I want. If you have nothing to do with it, you will punish me. Dare to have a good rate, there will be unforgivable punishment. "After Wang Anshi was dismissed from office for the second time, he lived in a dynasty. In addition to abolishing the Fang Tian Law and slightly adjusting some provisions of the new law, the new law was basically implemented and Zongshen took many photos of Wang Anshi's work in other places. For example, in A.D. 1077 (the tenth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty), Wang Anshi was the ambassador for the celebration; A.D. 1078 (the first year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty), Wang Anshi was the left servant of Shangshu, and he was the official of Shu State and Ji Guan; 1080 (the third year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty), Wang Anshi changed to Jinggong as a special advance.
1078 (Yuanfeng period of Northern Song Dynasty), Zong Shen personally presided over the reform, hoping to promote some aspects of reform on the basis of maintaining the achievements of the new law. He bypassed controversial financial management issues and concentrated on rectifying redundant staff and strengthening the protection of the army. Redundant officials and excessive fees are the cancer of bureaucracy in Song Dynasty. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, in order to strengthen the imperial power, Taizong and Taizong dynasties widely conferred official positions to divide the powers of prime ministers with those of provinces, ministries, temples and prisons. The system of appointing officials is complex, with officials, posts and dispatches, which leads to overlapping institutions and redundant expenses for idle officials. In August of the third year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen officially began the reform of the official system. He started with the dispatch system, which had the deepest drawbacks, and ordered the revocation of official positions with only empty names. The provincial, ministerial, temple and prison officials who used to be empty posts actually have real power. The names of scattered officials in the old text were compiled into official ranks as the standard of official salary and promotion. In A.D. 1082 (the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty), based on the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, a new official system of three provinces and six departments was promulgated. Although the reform of the central official system in Yuanfeng period was very limited, it showed Zongshen's desire to maintain the New Deal and continue the reform, which changed the chaotic bureaucratic system since the early Song Dynasty to a certain extent and laid the basic framework of the central official system in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. During Zongshen's administration, he was also very concerned about the border affairs of the Song Dynasty. He rebelled against the compromise and concession to Liao and Xixia since the Song Dynasty, took a tough attitude towards neighboring countries, and was determined to unify China. During his reign, he personally presided over two major military operations, one was a counterattack and the other was a crusade against Xixia.
Jiaodi, located in present-day northern Vietnam, has been invading the border of Song Dynasty since the last years of Injong. In September, A.D. 1075 (the eighth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty), Jiaozhi captured Guwan Village on Guangxi Road (now Fusui, Guangxi). 1 1 month, Jiaotuo transferred 60,000 soldiers and attacked Guangxi Road (now Guangxi) by land and water. 1076 In February, Guo Kui, the God Sect, led a crusade against the Jiaojiao Army. Song Jun won again and again, recovered a lot of lost land, and invaded Jiao Jiao in1February, forcing King Li Gande of Jiao Jiao to surrender on the table. From then on, I never dared to invade the Song Dynasty again.
Zongshen fought Xixia, but it didn't go well. In A.D. 1082 (the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty), Zongshen established a chariot army in Yongle City at the junction of Yin and Xia, trying to trap the Xixia army in Xingzhou. Unexpectedly, Xixia dispatched more than 300,000 troops to besiege the city, and Yongle City fell. More than 200 people were killed or injured in Song Jun distribution school, and more than 200,000 people were lost by civilian workers and craftsmen. When the battle report reached Bianjing, the gods were sad on their faces. Since then, he has also lost his fighting spirit and continued to pay tribute to Xixia. History of Song Dynasty: "The emperor was born a filial friend. When he enters two palaces, he will stand all day, even though he remains the same in cold and hot weather. Taste and Qi and Jia studied in the East Palace, taught Wang Tao the Oracle history and worshipped it at the same time, so they were called sages at home and abroad. When he ascended the throne, he was also cautious, awe-inspiring, seeking truth, observing people's seclusion, caring for loneliness, caring for the elderly and lacking in incentives. If you don't treat the palace, you will be unlucky and you will be able to do a lot. Not long after, Wang Anshi entered the phase. An Shi is a man, full of confidence, knowing that his ancestors were determined to swallow thistles and his martial arts were unparalleled, but he was defeated several times. The emperor bravely erased the shame of generations, so he learned from prejudice and used it. The laws of young crops, Jiabao, mutual loss, easy market and water control have all been established, but things are turbulent and people crying and crying come one after another. When the emperor finally didn't realize it, he flatly abandoned his elders and rejected the admonisher, and he didn't doubt it. The ancestors' good laws and good intentions are all caused by their death, and they are getting worse and worse. Nature, evil is advancing day by day, people are leaving day by day, and disasters are beginning day by day. Unfortunately! "
Zhu. "Zongshen is very clever. He knows everything in the world. He is indeed the master of the world, but he can't do it in time ... Xifan just retired for a while, but he went deep into his realm. " History of the Song Dynasty: Zhao Yong "likes to ask questions well and forgets food every day".
"Hanshu Hermit Poetry" contains: Emperor Zongshen used heaven and reason to write articles. In poetry, although the words in Mu Wang's Yellow Bamboo Map and Hanwu's Autumn Wind cannot be imitated. Princess royal, the great emperor of Qin Dynasty, presented him with three poems, saying, "The sea is vast and the mountains are vast, and the incense wheel is gone forever. Jade in deep space is lost in cold. The bright moon leaves a song fan, and the neon is scattered. " Neon is a kind of "Xia". The doors send cars home, and the grass stays in spring. Xiaofa West Road, Xicheng, Xicheng. The hearse sees farther. The spring breeze was empty, and the moon broke Qin Xiao. Dust goes into darkness and clothes are made. The jade seal disappears. It's another trick for the sweet soul to fly to Zhu Bei. A work can be a trick. Celebrate from Tianyuan and love from the country. Although Song Zhong is in the museum, peaches and plums don't make spring. The water broke, the ring oozed, and the ring was "returned". The height of the building is separated from Qin. There are no more people offering pearls in Huiji City. "Alas, emperors and princes, ancient and modern poets, have never done so.
"Song Shi Zong Shen Ji Zan": "He acceded to the throne, cautious, afraid of assisting others, seeking truth, observing people's seclusion, caring for loneliness, raising the old and lacking in motivation; Don't wait for the palace, don't visit, and do a lot. "
Qi Xia believes that the Xining Reform presided over by Zhao Yong is a self-help movement of the landlord class and fundamentally opposes the class struggle of farmers; However, under the influence and promotion of class struggle, it has adapted to the prospect of economic development and the requirements of working people to a certain extent.
The Outline of China's General History, edited by Jane Bozan, holds that Song Shenzong's Xi Ning Reform is to "eliminate suffering, restrain mergers and promote agriculture". Wang Fuzhi: "The rebellion in the Song Dynasty began with the rule of God. Those who hate the world and ridicule the later generations are not extravagant and tyrannical, but are eager to seek treatment from the top, and those who say treatment from the bottom are tired. " On Song Dynasty
Wang thinks that he is the backer of the reformists, but it is not enough to have his boldness of vision, profound thoughts and resolute character. Song Shenzong and Wang Anshi's political reform
Hua Ye believes that in the process of implementing the new law in Zhao Yong, the general goal of rich Qiang Bing is the same as that of Wang Anshi. But he is not as firm as Wang Anshi in restraining mergers. Zhao Yong wants to increase fiscal revenue, but he doesn't want to hurt those vested interests of the upper class. In the end, the burden can only be passed on to the lower class.