The battle of Changping was a large-scale battle in which Qin attacked Zhao during the Eastern Zhou and Warring States periods. It was "decided after three years" (Jin and Xie Hongxi thought that the early stage was a stalemate of two years and six months, and the later stage was a white-hot war of six months), and the two sides sent troops to pour out the country. As a result, Zhao was defeated and surrendered to Zhao.
The battle of Changping was a turning point in the Warring States period. After this war, Qin was invincible in the world, and all six countries were unable to fight against Qin Jun alone. It was only a matter of time before Qin unified the Central Plains. The specific records of the battle of Changping have been basically lost because Qin burned books and buried Confucianism. The situation can only be judged by archaeological excavations. There is a site of the battle of Changping in Shanxi.
Background.
In BC, the State of Qin captured Nanyang, South Korea (now Xiuwu County), so it was absolutely impossible to travel. In BC (Zhou Nanwang, Qin and Zhao), the King of Nanman (now Qinyang, Henan) was captured, and the contact between Shangdang County and Xinzheng, the capital of Nanman, was cut off. Han Huanhui was afraid of soldiers in Qin Jun, so he decided to dedicate Shangdang County to the State of Qin to avoid war.
Shangdang county defended Jin, but would rather fight to the death than surrender to Qin. Hanwang then sent Feng Ting to take over Shangdang County to guard Qin's surrender. Feng Ting didn't want to surrender to Qin. In order to avoid strengthening Qin's strength and use Zhao's strength to resist Qin, he discussed with his officials: "Zheng Dao is exhausted and advancing day by day, and South Korea can't respond. The above parties might as well go back to Zhao. Zhao is subject to me, and Qin will attack it; Zhao Dezhi must be pro-Korean; If Han and Zhao are one, they can be Qin Yi. "
After thirty days, he sent someone to hand over seventeen cities in Shangdang County to Zhao, saying, "Han can't keep Shangdang and enter Qin. Its officials and people are content with Zhao, not happy for Qin. There are seventeen cities, and I am willing to worship the king again! " Zhao Haoqi, Zhao Bao and Pingyang Jun thought it was impossible. Qin served him, Zhao benefited from him and would offend Qin. Ping Yuanjun and Zhao Sheng agree with Wang Zhao, so we shouldn't lose this big profit.
So the prince of Zhao asked Ping Yuanjun to take the land as Shangdang, made Feng Ting the guardian of Hua Yangjun and Shangdang County, and rewarded Shangdang officials and people. Feng Ting cried and didn't see the messenger, saying, "I can't bear to eat the seller's land!" "
The year before last, Qin attacked Gui and Lun in South Korea, further deterring the King of Korea and isolating Zhao from joining the Party.
Retreat to the insurance.
In 200 BC, Wang Bi, commander-in-chief of the Qin school, attacked Shangdang, intending to win Shangdang in one fell swoop. Zhao Lianbo led 200,000 troops to rescue Shangdang. Lian Po's defensive position is based on the Baili Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot from Danzhuling to Ma 'an Valley. Before we split up, we went out to build an empty warehouse ridge border defense, and sent Bijiang to lead 5 thousand Zhao soldiers out to search to meet the enemy. At that time, Gou, Lun and Shangdang had been captured by Qin Jun, and led the remnants to join the Lian Po Army.
In April, Qin Jun and Zhao Jun met for the first time in Yuxi Valley, west of Kongcangling. In the scuffle, Qin Jun scouts cut Zhao Bijiang's eggplant. After the first battle was unfavorable, Zhao Jun defended the Kongcangling defence. In June, he pursued the victory, broke through the defense line, captured Zhao, the second city, and killed four commanders.
In July, Zhao was forced to retreat and built a long-term defense on the Dan River west of Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot. Once again stormed Zhao, killed two captains and occupied the Western Wall.
Zhao was defeated, and moved eastward to the pass, sticking to the site of Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot. Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Science Popularization Point is built on the watershed from Danzhuling to Maan River, and the south slope facing Qin Jun is steep. The bottom of Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Scenic Area is meters wide, with forts built at intervals, stretching for hundreds of miles along the mountain, and there is a natural pass named Guguan in the middle, which is the only way for north-south traffic, with gates built and integrated with the Great Wall.
Zhao deployed all the lines at Baili Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Science Point, focusing on defending Guguan, Hanwang Mountain and Daliangshan Mountain, and directing the fight against Qin Jun. "Notes on Water Classics" leads to the party discipline saying: "To the west of Changping, the two armies are drinking running water, and the streams are five miles apart. The city is surrounded by mountains, 50 miles north and south, and more than 20 miles east and west, knowing the old base areas of Qin and Zhao. "
When the attack failed, Zhao was angered and decided to fight in the Great Wall, but Zhao refused to participate. After losing many natural disasters, the 200,000 Zhao army led by Lian Po finally succeeded in containing Qin Jun's attack with solid walls.
Diplomatic confrontation.
The offensive made no progress and the war of attrition was deadlocked. Both sides are caught in a food shortage, and it is difficult to supply food and grass. Qin Jun comes from afar, with long supply lines and great logistics pressure. According to local unofficial history records, Kongcangling was named after Qin Jun's "treacherous traffic and storage" here. Ye Zhao was short of food, so he invited Qi to stay overnight, but Qi refused to listen.
Diplomatic failure.
Zhao Haoqi conspired with Lou Chang and Qing Yu, and Lou Chang asked him to send a special envoy to the State of Qin for peace. Yu Qing believes that if you win without fighting, Zhao Jun will be defeated. Therefore, the battle and decision are in Qin. If you want to make peace with Qin, you can't just make peace with Qin: "Today's envoy is in Qin; Qin will try to defeat, but if he asks, he will not listen. It's better to send envoys to attach great treasures to Chu Wei and Chu Wei Shou, so Qin doubts that the world is compatible. " The prince of Zhao did not listen, so that Zheng Zhu was trapped in Qin and Qin was subjected to it.
Yu Qing said to the king of Zhao, "Your Majesty will never be defeated. What is this? The world wins and loses in Qin. Zheng Zhu, the husband, is also a noble person, and the king of Qin and the Hou Ying will attach great importance to it to show the world. The world sees that you are in Qin, and you don't save it; Qin knows that the world can't save the king, so it can't be done. "
Therefore, the State of Qin really took advantage of the opportunity that Zhao sent envoys to Xianyang for peace talks, showing that it attached importance to Zheng Zhu's kindness rather than righteousness. Other governors are afraid of Qin and Zhao making peace with Lian Heng? It's not good for you, and you dare not support Zhao. In Yuan Dynasty, Hu Sansheng pointed out that it is said that Zhao Zhi's loss of his teacher made him sad for his country. He didn't replace Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, so he didn't need Qing Yu's plan.