Cucumber, vegetable melon or raw melon can all be used to make kimchi.
Take 5000 grams of melon, remove seeds and pulp, first mix in 150 grams of fine salt, put it in the tank in the morning and pour it out in the afternoon. The next day, add 500 grams of salt and marinate for 10 day. Then add 250 grams of salt, marinate for the third time, take it out after 15 days, squeeze out water, soak it in clear water for 7 hours, and squeeze out water. Put it into the thin sweet noodle sauce 12 hour, then use sweet noodle sauce1000g, 50g sugar, 60g sauce color and 3g sodium benzoate, and mix well to get sauce stains. 2 days in summer sauce and 4 days in winter sauce, which is Nanjing pickles.
Cucumber is an annual herb vine with creeping stems and fine bristles.
Cucumber leaves are big and thin, with a pentagonal heart shape.
Cucumber is a monoecious plant, with unisexual flowers and two kinds of flowers. Sepals and petals of male and female flowers are combined into one, 5-lobed and the corolla is yellow. The male flower has 5 stamens, 2 pairs of combinations, 1 stamen separation. The female flower has a lower pistil and the ovary is cucumber-shaped.
Fruit is fruit. There are often edges on the surface, with tumor-like protrusions on the edges and small thorns on the protrusions.
cucumber
I. Biological characteristics
Cucumber, also known as cucumber, is native to northern India. It is an annual climbing herb with weak root system, poor regeneration ability and absorption ability, and its root system is mainly distributed in warmer soil in the upper layer. Monoecious, flowers crossed, male flowers clustered, female flowers solitary, ovary superior. The seeds are oval, oblate, yellow-white, with a 1000-grain weight of 32-42g and a life span of 1-2 years.
Cucumber likes warm, neither cold nor hot. The whole growth period is generally 100- 130 days, which is divided into germination stage, seedling stage, vine-pulling stage and flowering and fruiting stage. The optimum temperature for growth and development is about 25℃. Higher than 35℃ will cause physiological disorder, and lower than 10- 13℃ will cause physiological disorder. Cucumber needs moist soil and air environment, but it is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. Planting in loose and fertile sandy loam with PH6.5-7.0 has high yield and good quality.
Second, the main varieties
Cucumber can be divided into spring cucumber and autumn cucumber according to the cultivation season, with spring cucumber as the main one. At present, the main cucumber varieties are Jinchun series, Jinyou series and varieties introduced from Japan and South Korea.
Three, cucumber protected cultivation techniques
1, sowing and seedling raising. It is suggested to sow cucumbers in protected areas in advance. Cucumber in greenhouse should be sown in the first half of 10, and cultivation in the open field should be postponed to the middle of February. The seedling age is 40-45 days, and the sowing amount is per mu100g. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in clear water for about 4 hours, then wrapped with wet cloth, kept at 25-30℃, and germinated until the buds are half a grain long before sowing. After leveling the seedbed, lay an electric heating wire with a power of 80- 100 watts per square meter, put it into the seedling pot and fill it with nutrient soil, water the soles of the feet, directly sow the seeds into the seedling pot, and cover it with 1.0 cm soil. From sowing to cotyledons unearthed, it is necessary to keep high temperature, 25-30℃ during the day and 20℃ at night. After the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature should be reduced appropriately, and it should be kept at about 25℃ during the day and at about 16- 18℃ at night to prevent the seedlings from growing too fast. The seedbed should always keep the bed soil moist, and the water supply should be carried out at noon on a windless sunny day. It is best to spray with fully decomposed dilute human excrement and urine, and then fully ventilate to promote the health of seedlings. The standard of strong seedlings is plant height 15-20cm, 5-6 true leaves, short thick stems, dark green leaves and developed roots.
2, timely planting. Half a month before planting, after ploughing in the greenhouse, ditch and apply sufficient base fertilizer, 3000 kilograms of fence fertilizer and 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and then prepare soil to make a high ridge (even ditch) with a width of 1.5 meters. Planting in plastic shed with plastic film in the middle and late February; Planting in greenhouse in mid-March; Greenhouse cultivation, sowing in late March; Open field cultivation is sown in the first half of April. Plant 2 rows per border with a row spacing of 37-40 cm, and plant 2,500-2,700 plants per mu.
3. On-site management. After planting, the shed should be sealed in time to keep warm to prevent freezing, and the temperature should be kept at 30℃ during the day. If the temperature is too low at night, the shed should be covered with straw curtains. After returning the seedlings, properly ventilate and cool down, uncover the shed and cover it at night, and keep the shed temperature at 25-28℃. At the beginning of April, the small arch shed was demolished and the vines were put on the shelves. In late April, when the temperature is stable above 20℃, remove the shed skirt membrane and increase ventilation. Early female flowers are easy to bear fruit because of low temperature, so it is necessary to use 100 times diluted solution of Baoguoling or Huangguoling to coat or spray flowers to protect fruits. The temperature is maintained at 25-28℃ during the day and around 65,438 05℃ at night, and the ventilation amount and time are flexibly controlled according to the greenhouse temperature. After entering the full melon season, according to the soil water content, water 1 time every 1 2 weeks, topdressing every 2-3 times1time, and topdressing 65,438 per mu.
Step 4 harvest. Cucumber is still growing nutritionally at the flowering and fruiting stage, so it is necessary to harvest tender melons, especially root melons, in time to prevent missed harvest and maintain the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
5, pest control. Pay attention to the prevention and control of downy mildew, powdery mildew, epidemic disease, aphids and other pests and diseases.
Four, cucumber cultivation techniques in summer and autumn
1. Variety selection: heat-resistant, disease-resistant and high-quality varieties should be selected, such as Jin Yan No.4 and Jinchun No.4, which can bear main lateral vines at the same time.
2. Sowing time: Summer cucumber is suitable from late May to mid-June; Autumn cucumber is suitable from mid-July to early August.
3. Cultivation method: direct seeding in the open field or seedling raising and transplanting in nutrient bowl.
4. Cultivation techniques:
(1) Seedling protection: During direct seeding, the seeding depth should be 2-3cm, and the bottom should be watered first before sowing. 2-3 seeds per hole, covered with 1- 1.5 cm fine soil, and then covered with straw, sunshade net, etc. Shade to reduce soil temperature. After emergence, two true leaves are left.
(2) Soil preparation and base fertilizer application are the same as spring ploughing.
(3) Topdressing: topdressing twice in the growth period, each time per mu 10 kg of compound fertilizer.
(4) Moisture: The soil is prone to drought in summer and autumn, so it should be watered in time, and it is forbidden to water and flood at noon. Drainage in time in rainstorm weather.
(5) Plant adjustment: The lateral vines of the main vine 1-6 nodes should be removed as soon as possible, and the lateral vines after 7 nodes should leave 2 leaves for coring. Set up scaffolding early to prevent heavy rain.
(6) Application of growth regulator: Spraying 150-200PPm ethephon at 2-5 true leaf stages of cucumber can increase the number of female flowers and increase the yield.
(7) Pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids, liriomyza sativae, mites and other pests.