I think the responsibility for the Boxer Rebellion lies with Empress Dowager Cixi. The unequal treaties signed by the great powers and the Qing court made the people suffer from the loss of land, and the people's xenophobia was growing. Some illegal missionaries and parishioners in foreign countries oppress the people and arouse xenophobia and xenophobic actions. Empress Dowager Cixi used the Boxers to exclude foreigners and called them "righteous men". They were active in Shandong, killing foreigners and conniving foreigners to burn churches in Beijing, which made the powers dissatisfied. Later, the activities became more and more serious, and members of the group began to attack the Beijing embassy, which made the powers declare war on Qing Dynasty. The treaty that made the people suffer was entirely due to the incompetence of the Qing court and the oppression of illegal priests, so it was the fault of the powers, but killing foreigners was not the right thing to do, but it made the situation worse. More importantly, foreigners sheltered Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, and Empress Dowager Cixi hated them. For the sake of her hatred, regardless of the consequences, she ordered a gang to kill foreigners and led them to the battle of Eight-Nation Alliance.

Reference: My knowledge

The great powers have long been ambitious for China, and even without the Boxer Rebellion, they will find other excuses.

No, for a long time, the great powers have been ambitious for China. Even if there were no Boxers, they would find other excuses, such as the Opium War, the Sino-French War and the Sino-Japanese War. The Boxer Rebellion in China10K/TRAD/History/6/62/62Q/62Q01A.D. 1900 and the War of Eight-Nation Alliance pushed China's international status to a historic low. Since the Opium War, the more foreign powers invaded China, the more people in China felt xenophobic. At that time, foreign priests were allowed to preach freely all over the country, and some lawless believers relied on the power of the church to oppress ordinary people, causing anti-church incidents. /kloc-at the end of 0/9 century, anti-Westernization struggles broke out one after another, among which the Boxer Rebellion, which was active in Shandong and Hebei, was large in scale. The Boxer Rebellion, formerly known as the Boxer Rebellion, is a private secret organization that opposes the Qing Dynasty and regains sight. Later, * * * appealed, so it was renamed the Boxer Rebellion, with the slogan "Help the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries". They specialize in beating foreigners, claiming that the gods protect themselves and guns can't enter. Empress Dowager Cixi was very angry with foreigners because they opposed the abdication of Emperor Guangxu. She wanted to use the Boxer Rebellion as a tool to repel foreign forces, so she called the League members to Beijing and called them "Rightists". As a result, the boxer's power has been widely developed in Beijing and Tianjin. And launched "xenophobic" activities such as burning churches, killing priests, tearing down wires and destroying railways. Envoys from various countries in Beijing have called their countries to ask for intervention. 1900, Britain, the United States, Germany, Japan, Russia, France, Italy and Austria joined forces to attack Dagu Fort. Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on foreign countries and ordered the Boxer Rebellion to besiege foreign embassies. After the war broke out, the allied forces successively captured Tianjin and Beijing, and Cixi fled to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu in her arms. At that time, the allied military discipline was corrupted, and they burned, killed and looted everywhere in Beijing, causing unprecedented havoc to the people of China and precious cultural relics. 190 1 year (the year of Xin Chou), the Qing court sent Li Hongzhang to make peace with the great powers and signed the Xin Chou Treaty. According to this agreement, in addition to punishing the culprits and compensating 450 million taels, the Qing court had to demolish Dagu Fort, allow foreign countries to station troops from Beijing to Shanhaiguan, and set up an embassy district in Beijing. The signing of the Xin Chou Treaty had a great influence on China at that time and later. Due to the huge amount of compensation, even the interest is nearly one billion taels, which makes the national economy and people's livelihood in a desperate situation. The demolition of Dagu Fort enabled the great powers to station troops in Beijing and its nearby fortresses, leaving the capital with no national defense at all. At the same time, while the battle of Eight-Nation Alliance was going on, the governors of southeast provinces ignored the imperial court and made peace with foreigners without authorization, which was called "Southeast Mutual Insurance". This further promoted the growth of local forces and laid the foundation for future warlord regimes. After the war in Eight-Nation Alliance, the Qing court completely succumbed to the power of the great powers, lost its national pride, and gradually changed from xenophobia to xenophobia. On the other hand, the people fully realized the corruption and incompetence of the Qing dynasty, which made the revolutionary movement more widely supported. In addition, in order to save the dying rule, the Qing court carried out reforms and constitutional movements in the late Qing Dynasty.