First of all, what's the use of building the Great Wall?

As we all know, in order to resist the invasion of Xiongnu, Daqin levied hard labor and built the Great Wall, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, which ensured the security of the mainland to a considerable extent.

To sum up briefly, the Great Wall is used for fighting. So on the other hand, is it necessary to build the Great Wall without fighting?

Theoretically, yes.

This view is not the author's alone, but it is indeed one of the academic arguments. For example, Professor Aarif Lee's new interpretation of the Great Wall feels that it has not been repaired because there has been no war along the Great Wall in Qing Dynasty for 200 years. In fact, not only his old man's house thinks so, but even the Qing people themselves think so. The so-called "Sheng Chao does not draw the Great Wall boundary, one flat mountain and nine sides." All right. Moreover, the Qing Dynasty thought its national strength was strong, and the emperor brainwashed people with the slogan of "not repairing the border town" every day.

However, in fact, I personally don't like this. Although the Great Wall was not built on a large scale in the Qing Dynasty, it was repaired on time and at a fixed point. Although there is no war in the north, it is also a barrier to the Great Wall. There are also historical data to prove this statement. Although the Qing dynasty kept saying that they would "abandon the Great Wall and not use it" and "not repair the border town". But in fact, during the Shunzhi period, they built a large-scale border crossing, passing through Shanhaiguan and other important passes. This is obviously a slap in the face. Isn't the Great Wall very fragrant for fighting?

That's great.

Let's get back to the point. Is the Great Wall useful except for fighting?

Of course, and it is very useful.

Let me briefly mention the border defense policy of the Qing Dynasty. Although there were few wars in the northern part of the Qing Dynasty, there were still people to watch out for. If you know something about the history of Qing Dynasty, you will know that one of Kangxi's greatest achievements was to successfully cut down the Francisco and solve the San Francisco rebellion.

Therefore, the frontier defense policy of the Qing Dynasty is basically how to treat the "vassal department". Mainly like this:

When it comes to the prestige of benevolence and righteousness, those who follow us will be convinced by virtue, while those who oppose us will be blocked by soldiers. How can we convince people with virtue? One is marriage, and the other is reward. What kind of soldier is it? The children of Mongolian soldiers in the Eight Banners are exactly the occasion of fat body, which I welcome! What about this? It's what Emperor Qianlong said: "Respect will provide for the aged, while Zhang will die".

As for the second axe, it is called "rule by courtesy", and "those who are not easy to teach customs and adapt to their own politics will have to build a soft road." Specifically, Mongolia, for example, is a fairly large place. What if there is rebellion? Therefore, first of all, we should set up a general and a Fan Liyuan to supervise and manage; Second, to divide it into different administrative regions and make it smaller for you, you don't have to worry about rebellion. This was also the case in the Yuan Dynasty, and even the Yuan Dynasty did it even harder. They didn't take mountains and rivers as administrative boundaries. For example, there is a mountain. Theoretically, it should be that the other end of the mountain is Shandong and the other end is Shanxi, which is convenient for the governance of the two provinces. However, the big yuan is partial, and all the mountains are zoned to Shandong, so that the governor of Shandong, if he is arrogant, must also think about the inconvenient transportation.

As for the third trick of Sanbanfu, it is called Xing Jiao, yes, all of them believe in Buddhism! This is the reason why Tibetan Buddhism prevails in Inner Mongolia today, thanks to the kindness of the Qing Emperor.

After talking about the border defense policy, let's talk about the border defense itself. The Qing dynasty has a vast territory, but it can basically be divided into two parts, one is the eighteen provinces in the mainland, and the other is the border areas of non-eighteen provinces. The biggest difference between the two places is whether officials flow or not. 18 provinces are mobile officials, who will be transferred after their term of office expires. On the other hand, border areas are autonomous. For example, Tusi, who can often be seen in various TV series on the theme of the Long March, is such a figure.

I told you, I can finally talk about the Great Wall seriously.

Obviously, the most important and obvious function of the Great Wall is undoubtedly its military utility. Yang Yiqing, the great hero who brought down Yan Song under the Daming Trilateral System, wrote, "It is not enough to keep the stomach."

In addition, the Great Wall actually has a trade function. Trade is actually more like a toll station or service area on the expressway today.

In the Qing dynasty, people needed to get tickets photos when traveling. When they pass the Great Wall Pass, they must check the ticket photos. By the way, they were wiped out by the garrison and then taxed by the court. Of course, businesses are profitable after all, so many gates are bustling, and it is easy to form a market with more people, which naturally has the function of trade. 166 1 year, that is, in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Zhangjiakou reached the level of "annual tax 13200 yuan", and the use of Great Wall trade can be seen.

Not only that, the market at the mouth of the Great Wall often welcomes some special guests, who are from the vassal department. As for the attitude of the Qing Dynasty, it was basically open. "All foreign businessmen from Mongolia are allowed to trade at the border as usual, and nothing can stop them."

This leads to the second function of the Great Wall, isolating the inside and outside.

It seems strange. It is said that communication is internal and external. How can it be isolated from the internal and external?

Uncle Marx once taught us to look at problems dialectically. In fact, the Great Wall has really played a role in isolating the inside and outside and promoting communication at home and abroad.

Let's talk about internal and external isolation first. Citizens must have a certificate to pass the customs. This restriction is also one. The second point is normal. Fugitives, deserters and robbers are not allowed in. This is the second restriction in the Great Wall. As for external restrictions, there are naturally, and the staff of the Francisco Department are not allowed to enter the country at will. How do they get into the border? * * * Voucher, explaining the reason. Common reasons include funerals, chanting, etc. , and people are not allowed to exceed 100.

In addition, another function of the Great Wall is to promote internal and external integration. Yes, the world is so wonderful. The Great Wall can not only separate the inside from the outside, but also communicate with both sides. Which is more important? According to Marx's theoretical analysis, contradictions and struggles are weighed, the role of restriction is great, and the role of communication is relatively small, while specific things should be analyzed in detail. To sum up briefly, isolation played a great role in the early Qing Dynasty, but it was more conducive to internal and external integration in the later period.

How can you see it?

Or how did this conclusion come from? First of all, we should know how to realize the exchange of information and laws inside and outside the customs. This mainly depends on the post office. In the thirty-second year of Kangxi, the Fifth Road Station was located at the mouth of the Great Wall and was managed by Li Fanyuan. Therefore, in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the Great Wall Pass undertook the function of transmitting official and folk news between the two places.

More than that, on the other hand, due to the increasing national strength of the Qing Dynasty, the long-term stability of the world and the increasing population, there is only so much land, and the minds of natural people have changed. The idle land north of the Great Wall has become the first choice of Shanhaiguan people. For some time, it has become a common practice that "geese pluck their hair". The so-called flying goose is to go out to farm in spring and summer and resume life in autumn and winter. Local authorities turn a blind eye to this, and sometimes even provide some convenience.

To sum up, although the Great Wall is a place of swords and shadows, it also has a harmonious face that most people don't understand, and even once assumed the responsibility of promoting national integration.

History is so interesting, whether it is a match made in heaven or a chance meeting. In a word, Wan Li Xiongguan, originally designed to guard against aliens beyond the Great Wall, has become a gathering place to witness the harmonious exchanges between the two peoples. This is like Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately forbearing for several years to engage in a Hu case, which once succeeded in eliminating Xiang Quan, but later he established a cabinet system, calling his old gentleman Zhang Huiji, which is actually Xiang Quan. If Zhu Yuanzhang knew about it, he wouldn't be so angry.

History is so interesting, one sorrow and one glory, and the other two intersect. And what about this world?

There is taste in the world, and it is natural to be happy. At this point in the story, the book is full of laughter.