Apple company.

Company type disclosure (Nasdaq: AAPL)

Established in California (1976 April 1)

Headquartered in Cupertino, California.

Important person Steve Jobs (CEO)

Timothy Cook (Chief Operating Officer)

Peter oppenheimer (Chief Financial Officer)

Philip W. Schiller(SVP Marketing)

Jonathan Ive (Vice President of Industrial Design)

Slogan switch

Industrial computer hardware

computer software

mobile phone

product

Mike ·OS X

iMac

PowerMac

PowerBook

Apple laptop

MacBook Pro

iBook

IPod player

iPhone

Apple cinema display

Mac mini

Xserve

airport

An audio and video file format developed by Apple.

Illiver

iWork

The turnover is $79 million ($22,365,438+$400 million).

Compared with fiscal year 2004)

The number of employees is14,800 (2005)

Www.apple.com website

Apple Inc. (hereinafter referred to as Apple), whose English name is Apple, Inc. (Nasdaq: AAPL) (LSE: ACP), formerly known as Apple Computer, announced its name change at Macworld Expo in San Francisco on June 9, 2007. The core business of Cupertino, headquartered in California, USA, is electronic technology products. At present, the global computer market share is 3.8%. Apple's Apple II promoted the personal computer revolution in1970s, and the Macintosh relay continued to develop in1980s. The most famous products are its Apple II, Macintosh computer, iPod digital music player and iTunes music store. It is famous for the innovation of high-tech enterprises.

[Edit this paragraph] 1, history

1. 1 brief history

Logo used by Apple before 1976.

The early Apple computer, Apple IIc 1976, was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. At that time, Apple I computer was developed and sold.

The earliest personal computer Apple II was released in 1977.

1984 introduced the revolutionary Macintosh computer.

IPod digital music walkman 200 1 goes on sale.

In 2003, Apple PowerMac G5, the earliest 64-bit personal computer, went on the market.

In 2005, Steve Jobs announced that he would adopt Intel processors next year.

Before the establishment of 1.2

Before they founded Apple Computer together, Woz was already an electronic hacker. From 1975, he worked at HP, helping Jobs design Atari video games. At that time, Woz rented a small computer from Call Computer, a time-sharing computer system service company run by Alex Kamradt. At that time, computers could only print on paper, and the Silent 700 introduced by Texas Instruments was the most advanced thermal dye sublimation model at that time. Woz once saw popular electronics companies introduce how to make a computer terminal and use ready-made parts. Woz designed a teleprinter that can communicate with the computer. This printer, which can only print large English characters, can print 24 lines and 40 characters per page, and can be connected to a small computer owned by Call Computer. Alex Kamradt, the boss of Call Computer, designed and sold several machines on behalf of him. Woz began to participate in the activities of Homebrew Computer Club from 1975. At that time, new microcomputers, such as Altair 8800 and IMSAI, prompted Woz to build microprocessor into his teletypewriter and become a complete computer.

At that time, the only microcomputer processors on the market were Intel) 8080, which sold for $65,438+079, and Motorola) 6800, which sold for $65,438+070. Wozniak likes 6800, but both are beyond his budget. So he can only design a computer on paper through observation and study, waiting for the day when he can afford a processor. 1976, when MOS Technology released the famous processor 6502 with a price of only $25, Woz wrote a version of the BASIC programming language for this processor, and then designed a computer that could run this BASIC programming language. Because the designer of 6502 is the same as the designer of 6800 (because MOS technology was founded by former employees of Motorola), Woz designed a computer based on 6800 on paper earlier, and it can be used as a microprocessor with a little modification.

When Woz finished the machine, he took it to the party of Homebrew Computer Club and showed its system to his electronic colleagues. There, he met his old friend Steve Jobs. Jobs realized the commercial potential of these miniature amateur machines.

1990 apple computer, Macintosh classic

1.3 the origin of apples

Jobs and Woz decided to set up a company. They came up with several names. When Jobs came back from a business trip, he suggested to Woz that the company be named Apple Computer. As can be seen from the first sign of the apple, this apple is the one that fell on Newton's head nearly 400 years ago.

1.4 morning

197 1, 16-year-old Jobs and 2 1 year-old stephen wozniak were all introduced by friends. 1976, Jobs successfully persuaded Woz to assemble the machine and sell it. Their other friend Ron Wayne also joined in, and the three of them founded Apple Computer Company on April 1976.

In May of the same year, Jobs negotiated with Byte Shop, a local computer store. The person in charge said that he would be interested if the computer was fully assembled. Shopkeeper Paul Terrell thinks further. He wants to order 50 sets, and pay 0.00 yuan for each set upon delivery. After accepting this order, I sold all kinds of valuable things (such as computers and a Volkswagen van) to raise money in order to prepare funds. Jobs went to Cramer Electronics, a large electronic parts distributor, to order parts. The store's credit manager asked Jobs how to settle the bill. He said, "I have an order for 50 computers in a byte shop, and the payment terms are cash on delivery." If you give me a 30-day payment period, I can assemble the computer within the payment period, deliver it to Terry, and then pay the bill. " The manager called tyrael, who was attending an IEEE computer seminar in Pacific Forest, and he was surprised by Jobs' tenacity. Tyrael confirmed the order to the manager, and if Jobs delivered the goods to him, Jobs would definitely have enough money to pay. The three of them and two friends borrowed Jobs' garage, assembled and tested the marathon day and night, and finally delivered it to tyrael before the deadline. As promised, tyrael paid Jobs to pay the parts bill and made a considerable sum of money to celebrate and keep it as capital.

This computer, which was later named Apple I, has several remarkable features. At that time, most computers didn't have monitors, but Apple I used televisions as monitors. Compared with later monitors, the display function of Apple I can only slowly display 60 words per second. In addition, the host's ROM includes a boot code, which makes it easier to start. Finally, because of Paul tyrael's insistence, Woz also designed a cassette interface for loading and storing programs, which runs at a speed as high as 1200 bits per second. Although the design of Apple I is quite simple, it is still a masterpiece, and it needs fewer parts than other hosts at the same level, which makes Woz win the reputation of a master designer. Finally, Apple I produced 200 sets.

After this campaign, Woz has successfully designed Apple II, which is more advanced than Apple I. Jobs wanted to expand the company and borrow money from the bank, but Wayne quit because of the psychological shadow caused by the failure of venture capital four years ago. At that time, Apple was short of funds. Jobs finally met "Mike" Markkula, who invested $92,000 and signed a bank loan of $250,000 with Jobs. In June 65438 +0977 10, Apple Computer Company was officially registered as "Apple Computer Co., Ltd.". With funds and new designs in hand, in April of the same year, Apple II made its debut at the first West Coast Computer Exhibition.

The biggest difference between Apple II and Apple I is the redesigned TV interface, which integrates the monitor into the memory, which not only helps to display simple words, but also includes images and even color display. There is also an improved shell and keyboard. Apple II is widely regarded as the product that created the home computer market in the computer industry. By 1980, it had sold millions of computers. The Apple II family produced a large number of different models, including Apple IIe and IIgs. Until the end of the 1990s, these models still appeared in many schools. ..

When Apple 1980 went public, they attracted more capital than any IPO company after Ford 1956 went public, and created more millionaires than any company in history. Within five years, the company entered the top 500 in the world, which was the fastest record at that time.

Apple III and Lisa

In the 1980s, Apple met new competitors in the personal computer business. Among them, IBM is the most important person in the computer industry. IBM's IBM-PC computer is equipped with Intel's new processor: Intel 8088, which runs Microsoft's operating system MS-DOS(IBM is called PC-DOS). Computers became a hot commodity as soon as they came out (0 year sales:19865438+25,000 units; 1982 190000 sets; 65438+700,000 sets in 0983). While small businesses are still using Apple II, Apple feels that it needs to update more advanced models to participate in the enterprise computer market. The designers of Apple III were forced to follow Jobs' extremely high and sometimes unrealistic requirements. It is said that Jobs thought the cooling fan was "not elegant", so it was omitted. Therefore, computers are prone to overheating, which forces the earliest models to be recycled. In addition, the price of Apple III is higher. Although 1983 introduced an improved and upgraded version, and then it was promoted at a reduced price, the disadvantage of Apple III in the market was basically irreparable, mainly because the IBM PC and its compatible computer introduced by IBM swept the PC market at 198 1. Only 90,000 Apple III units were produced.

At the same time, the working group inside Apple is working around the clock to design two completely different new personal computers. Many advanced technologies are used, such as graphical user interface, mouse, object-oriented programming and network functions. These people, including Jeff Ruskin and Bill Atkinson, encouraged Jobs to focus on computer functions. They took their jobs to the PARC Institute of Xerox. After visiting their concept machine Alto, Jobs decided to implement this idea in two next-generation computer projects of Apple: Lisa and Macintosh. Apple put forward a condition, allowing Xerox to make its own investment (pre-sale and initial public offering10 million, worth about18 million), in exchange for the right of Apple engineers to work in PARC Institute for three days. Many PARC researchers, such as Larry Tesler, joined Apple Computer Company despite the opposition of colleagues. On the other hand, Jeff Ruskin left Apple because of disagreement with the design team (Ruskin imagined the Mac as a horizontal body without a mouse).

Lisa is an epoch-making computer. It can be said that without Lisa, there would be no initial stage of Macintosh development, and many system softwares were designed on Lisa. She has a 16-bit CPU, mouse, hard disk and an operating system that supports graphical user interface and multitasking. And bundled 7 commercial softwares at random.

Lisa made her debut in 1983 65438+ 10, with a price of $9995. Apple once again launched a product that is beyond the times, but the high price (US$ 654.38+0 million) and the lack of support from software developers made Apple lose the opportunity to gain market share again. Lisa was terminated on 1986, and the remaining goods were buried in a landfill in Utah.

It is said that Lisa was named after Jobs' daughter. In this regard, Apple did not make any comments.

1.6 Introduction to Macintosh

Lisa's plan was cancelled in the middle of the development plan controlled by Jobs. Jobs immediately focused on the Macintosh project, initially imagining it as a "cheap Lisa." Apple Macintosh was launched in 1984, and there was a famous Super Bowl advertisement (adapted from George Orwell's novel 1984), which even announced that "Apple Computer will launch Macintosh on June 24th +65438. You will understand why 1984 is not like'1984'. " . This clearly shows that the new Mac and its "easy to use" GUI have liberated computers and information from companies and technocrats. Apple also mass-produced the evangelism idea initiated by guy kawasaki, an Apple employee and later Apple.

Macintosh continued Apple's success, but failed to reach the most brilliant level. During Bill Gates's visit to Apple's headquarters in Cupertino, Jobs showed the prototype of the Mac GUI. After 1985, Microsoft released Microsoft Windows and gave IBM PC a GUI. Because of this, many companies have also begun to manufacture IBM PC compatible machines, cheap PC replicas. Apple, which can't tolerate other companies copying Macs, sued Microsoft, but Microsoft threatened to stop developing Microsoft Excel, the commercial software they provided for Macintosh. The lawsuit has been fought for four years, and the result is nothing. Some people say that this is because IBM is also developing TopView, a graphical interface that imitates the MAC. If Microsoft is convicted of infringement, it will mean that Apple can bring down IBM in the future. Although the first version of Windows is not as good as Mac in technology, it is much cheaper than Mac with a PC copier, and a lot of software has appeared on Windows recently.

In recent years 1.7

Following 1989, iBook G4 launched Macintosh Portable, and in the early 1990s, a more popular notebook computer PowerBook was launched. This is the first joint design with Sony, which sets a modern shape standard for popular notebook computers. It supports the screen through the hinge at the back, opens the back half of the back platform to place the keyboard, and the front is the trackball (later changed to the touchpad). Apple's products also include operating systems (such as ProDOS, Mac OS and A/UX), network products (such as AppleTalk) and multimedia programs (QuickTime). 1994, Apple updated the Macintosh product line and launched the Power Mac series. It is based on PowerPC series processors jointly developed by IBM, Motorola and Apple. This processor adopts RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) structure, which exceeds Motorola 680x0 series used by Mac before and is essentially different. Apple's system software has been adjusted to allow most programs written for old processors to run in simulation mode on the PowerPC series.

After a power struggle with the new CEO john sculley in 1980s, Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT Computer Company. Since then, in order to save the company as much as possible, Apple bought the whole NeXT and its UNIX-based system NeXTStep, and brought Jobs back to Apple's management. As the new CEO, his first action was to promote the development of iMac, which saved the company from bankruptcy and gave them time to develop new operating systems.

In 200 1 year, Apple introduced the operating system Mac OS X based on Jobs NeXTStep. It finally combines the stability, reliability and security of UNIX and the ease of use of Macintosh interface, and is oriented to professionals and consumers. The software of OS X includes the method of simulating the old system software, so that it can execute the software written before OS X. Through Apple's carbon library, the software developed before OS X can relatively easily cooperate with and utilize the characteristics of OS X. ..

In early 2002, Apple first showed off the new iMac G4. It consists of a hemispherical base and a digital flat panel display supported by a rotatable neck. The production of this product stopped in the summer of 2004, and the model based on G5 processor was shown as August 3, 20041,and went on sale in mid-September. This model omits the base, hides the CPU and hardware behind the flat panel display, and is only supported by streamlined aluminum feet. The new iMac, named iMac G5, is the thinnest desktop computer in the world, with a thickness of about 5. 1 cm (about 2 inches).

Recent products include Apple Airport, which uses wireless LAN technology to connect different brands of computers, as well as iBook and G4 computers.

Apple computers, such as PowerBook and newer iBook and iMac, often become props in movies and TV series. Usually heroes or good people use Apple computers, and bad people or bad people use PC-compatible computers. Apple once used the movie Mission Impossible and the movie ID4 Star Terminator to show the PowerBook function as a means of advertising competition.

In addition to computer products, Apple also manufactures consumer devices. In the1990s, Apple published Newton and coined the word personal digital assistant, which was the earliest PDA. Although the sales volume is not ideal, it has become a pioneer in Palm Pilot, PocketPC and other products. Throughout the1990s, Microsoft began to gain more new computer users than Apple. Apple's market share has dropped from 20% to 5% in ten years. The company is struggling financially. By1August 6, 1997, Microsoft purchased Apple's non-voting shares with10.50 billion dollars in exchange for Apple's abandonment of the lawsuit against Microsoft for copyright infringement and the construction of Internet Explorer on every Macintosh computer in the future. (Microsoft later sold all Apple shares. Perhaps more importantly, Microsoft also announced that it will continue to support its office series on the Mac version, and soon established the Macintosh software department. This reversed the situation that Microsoft's previous Mac version was behind the PC version, and it also won several awards. At the beginning of 2000, the iPod digital music player was a great success. With its exclusive iTunes online paid music download system, it beat Sony's Walkman series to become the world's first portable music player, and several subsequent iPod series products further consolidated Apple's unshakable position in the commercial digital music market.

In May of 200 1 year, Apple announced the opening of an Apple retail store. The store has two main purposes: 1 to curb the downward trend of Apple's market share; 2. Improve the affiliate's poor marketing strategy. Initially, Apple retail stores were only opened in the United States. At the end of 2003, the store opened in Ginza, Tokyo, which was also the first Apple retail store outside the United States. Following the Ginza store, Osaka store, Nagoya store and the first store in London, England, which opened in August 2004, also opened one after another. In May 2006, Apple opened a 24-hour business on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, new york, with the entrance of the glass cube of its flagship store near 10 meter.

At the WWDC meeting on June 6th, 2005, CEO Steve Jobs announced that from 2006, the CPU(Intel Core) made by Intel will be used in Mac products. On April 5, 2006, Apple introduced Boot Camp, a software that allows Mac computers equipped with Intel microprocessors to run Microsoft Windows XP. It simplifies the task of installing Windows on Mac, with step-by-step guidance, and users can choose whether to use Mac OS X or Windows when restarting the machine. [ 1]

On August 29th, 2006, Apple Computer Company announced that eric schmidt, CEO of Google Company, had joined the Board of Directors of Apple Company. [2]

On June 9, 2007, Apple Computer Company officially launched the iPhone and officially changed its name to Apple. [3]

[Edit this paragraph] 2. computer company apple

2. 1 Apple Computer once served as CEO.

1977- 198 1 year: michael scott.

198 1 year-1983: Mike Markkula

1983- 1993: john sculley

1993- 1996

1996- 1997: gil amelio

1997- Now: Steve Jobs

[Edit this paragraph] 3. Main hardware products

Apple's main hardware products are

Ipod, ipod nano, ipod shuffle, ipod hi-fi (personal digital audio-visual walkman)

Powerbook, ibook, macbook, macbook pro, macbook air (notebook computer)

PowerMac, eMac, Mac Pro, iMac (personal computer)

Mac mini (small computer)

20-inch, 23-inch & amp30-inch Apple cinema monitors

Xserve, Xserve RAID (server)

ISight (webcam)

Airport extreme (54 Mbps 802.11g base station)

IPhone (mobile phone)

Apple computer has fully adopted Intel CPU in 2006. In the future, Apple hardware products can look forward to the era of low prices.

3. 1 computer

Apple I

Apple II

Apple three generations

Elizabeth's nickname

McIntosh raincoat

Super Apple/Super Apple

Super Mac G3

Super Mac G4

Power Mac G4 Rubik's Cube

Power Mac G5

iMac

eMac

Mac mini

Xserve / Xserve RAID

PowerBook

iBookG3/G4

MacBook Pro

Apple laptop

Mac Pro

Apple laptop

3.2 Personal digital products

IPod player

newton

iPhone

Apple TV

3.3 Others

airport

Airport limit

iSight

Laser recorder

Color scanner

Quicktake100/150/200 digital camera

Pippin game station

[Edit this paragraph] 4. Main software products

4. 1 operating system

Mac operating system

Mike ·OS X

Mac OS X v 10.0

Mike OS X v 10. 1

Mike OS X v 10.2 "Jaguar"

Mike OSXV10.3 "Panther"

Mike OS X v 10.4 "Tiger"

Mike OS X v 10.5 "Leopard"

4.2 Life

Popular software developed by Apple (music player and music manager developed by Apple for use on computers with iPod)

iPhoto

iMovie

iDVD

GarageBand

iWeb

4.3 Work

major idea

page

4.4 Other software

go on a hunting trip

An audio and video file format developed by Apple.

HyperCard: business card book software

. Mac online service

5.5 professional software

Final Cut studio

Final Cut Pro

Soundtrack Pro

move

DVD Studio Pro

Logic Pro

rock

hole

computer company apple

Board of Directors: Steve Jobs | bill campbell | Jerry Jork | milad drexler | Albert Gore | Arthur levinson.

Hardware products: (list) Macintosh, EMAC, IMAC, iPod, MacMini, Macbook, Macbook Pro, Power Mac, XServe, XServe RAID.

Peripheral products: airport express airport extreme sight

Software products: (list) AppleWorks Aperture Final Cut Studio Ilife IWORK Logic Pro Mac OS x Mac OS x Server QuickTime.

See: Apple Computer History Unsuccessful Product List.

Fiscal year turnover: USD 65,438+USD 393 million (

68%) Number of employees: 14800(2005) Stock market code: AAPL