The common characteristics of this school are: it can truly and vividly reflect social life extensively and profoundly; Created a typical character in a typical environment; With concrete and vivid details; On the basis of profound understanding, it has a high degree of generality; Use simpler language and simple painting skills.
(2) Romanticism. The members of the Romantic School can be traced back to the anonymous authors of romantic poems in The Book of Songs. Then came Qu Yuan, the first great poet in China, who pushed romantic poetry creation to a peak as early as the Warring States Period. Romantic poets such as Cao Zhi, Zuo Si, Guo Zhen and Bao Zhao appeared in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty was a master of romanticism. After Qu Yuan, he set off a peak of romantic poetry creation. Besides him, there were other outstanding romantic poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Zhihuan, Wang Changling, Cen Can and Li He. Su Wan and Xin Qiji in Song Dynasty are outstanding representatives of romantic poets. Gong Zizhen in Qing Dynasty was the last romantic poet with certain influence in ancient times.
The common characteristics of this school are: full of enterprising spirit of pursuing ideals; Have an optimistic heroic spirit; Can form a wonderful illusory realm with rich imagination; Often use bold exaggeration and strange metaphors; Full of beautiful and wonderful language.
Poetic schools with certain influence:
(1) Qusong. Refers to Chu poets Qu Yuan and Song Yu in the Warring States Period. They are the founders and representative writers of Sao Style. Qu Yuan was the first great poet in the history of China literature. His works have been introduced before, so I won't repeat them here. Song Yu wrote Nine Arguments and Feng Fu. Their poems have many similarities in artistic form, such as using Chu dialect and relying on Chu rhyme, and most of them are bold and colorful. Liu Cha spoke highly of it in Wen Xin Diao Long, saying, "You can't catch up with Song, you can't catch up with Song." However, although Qu Song said that there are similarities, the size of his achievements cannot be compared.
② Three Cao. Refers to Cao Cao and his sons Cao Pi and Cao Zhi in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Cao Cao's poems are mostly based on the reality of * * * *, and his famous works include Hanging on the stubble floor, Hao, Hanging on a Short Song of Bitterness, Yelling at a Man's Turtle, Watching the Sea by a Man, and so on. Their common feature is to reveal the author's mind in a simple form, such as "You Yan veteran, energetic", forming a unique style. Cao Pi's poems mostly describe the love between men and women and the homesickness of wanderers, with delicate and euphemistic style and simple and beautiful language, among which Ge Yanxing, a seven-character poem, is the best. Cao Zhi's poetry is full of pursuit and resistance, and it is magnificent, forming the artistic characteristics of "extraordinary character" and "taking Hua Mao as a poet". San Cao, because of their political status and literary achievements, became the leader of the literary world at that time. But among them, Cao Cao and Cao Zhi have made great achievements, and the so-called "Jian 'an style" is mainly reflected in their poems.
(3) Seven sons of Jian 'an. The "seven sons" named after Cao Pi's Dian Lun Wen refer to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Paddle, Xu Wo, Ruan Li, Ying Qi and Serina Liu. Among them, except Kong Rong, Cao Cao's political enemy who was later killed by Cao Cao, the other six people were closely related to Sancao. Their works reflect the social spirit and enterprising spirit. Wang Ji is the "crown of seven sons" and his art is relatively mature. His famous works include Seven Wounded Poems and Ode to the Building.
(4) Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. It refers to Ji Kang in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Ruan Xian, Wang Rong and Liu Ling. "Wei Chunqiu" contains: these seven people "friendly exchanges, swimming in bamboo forests, the number is seven sages." Their poems are famous for Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai" and Ji Kang's "Poems of Sorrow and Anger", which reflect their dissatisfaction with the dark reality at that time.
(5) Three, two lands, two sets and one left. The three paintings refer to the poet Zhang Zai and his brother Zhang Xiehe and Zhang Kang in the Western Jin Dynasty. Erlu refers to Lu Ji, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, and his younger brother Lu Yun. Erpan refers to the writer and Penny of the Western Jin Dynasty; Left refers to Zuo Si, a poet in the Western Jin Dynasty. Their poems pay attention to skills and words, so they are called "Tai Kang Ti". In Zhong You's poems, there is a saying that "Tai San Zhang, Lu Erpan, Zuo and Bohr were resurrected", which shows its influence at that time. Among them, Zuo Si's achievement is relatively high, and his masterpiece is Eight Poems on Epics.
(6) Xie Yan. Refers to the poets Yan Yanzhi and Xie Lingyun in the Southern Song and Yuan Dynasties. Their poems are called "Yuanjia style", which describes natural scenery and pays attention to rhetoric. Among them, Xie Lingyun made a high achievement and created the "Landscape Poetry School". His chapters, such as Climbing the Pool to the Upstairs, Old Age and Stupid Lake Day, all contain beautiful sentences that have been told through the ages.
(7) Jingling Eight Friends. It refers to the eight writers under Wang Xiao, the King of Jingling in the Southern Dynasties: Xiao Yan,,,. Xiao Ke, Fan Yun, Stone Man and Lu Chong. They paid attention to the rhythm of poetry and formed an "eternal style", among which Shen Yue made great achievements in reconciliation. He is a representative writer of "New Poetry".
(8) Gongti Poetry School. This is a school of poetry headed by Jian Wendi Xiao Gang. Biography of Liang Shu Jian Wendi contains: Xiao Gang's "Elegant Poems". ..... but the injury was frivolous, and for a time, the palace was in chaos. " Palace poems mostly express boudoir feelings, with lewd content and beautiful form.
(9) Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty. Yang Jiong, Lu and others in the early Tang Dynasty. Their poems began to change the atmosphere of Qi and Liang Dynasties, with a wide range of themes and great momentum. Du Fu wrote in the second poem of "The Play is the Six Poems": "Wang Yang was thin and light at that time. Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " Scold those who are "frivolous for writing" but laugh at them: four; Jie affirmed the achievements of the "four outstanding" poems.
(10) Wang Meng. Refers to the poets Wang Wei and Yu Haoran in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They all use five-character poems to describe natural scenery, which are novel, quiet and vivid. People call Wang, Meng, Chu Guangxian and others "Tianyuan Poetry School".
(1 1) Gao Cen. Refers to the Tang Dynasty poets Gao Shi and Cen Can. They are all good at writing frontier poems with similar artistic styles. Famous articles include Ge Yanxing by Gao Shi, Bai Xuege by Cen Can and A Trip to Sichuan. People call Gao Cen, Wang Changling, Li Qi and others "frontier poets".
(12) Du Li. Refers to Li Bai and Du Fu, poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They also said that it is not because of the same style, but because the results can be compared. Their works and achievements have been specially introduced above.
(13) Liu Wei. Refers to the poets Wei and Liu Changqing in the middle Tang Dynasty. Their poems mostly describe landscapes and pastoral areas and are regarded as "landscape poetry school".
(14) Ten gifted scholars in Dali. Refers to the top ten poets in the Tang Dynasty. According to "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Literature and Art Lu Zhuan", "Lu and Ji Zhongfu, Qian Qi, Si Kongshu, Miao Fa, Cui Dong, Geng Jin, Xia Houshen, Li Duan, etc. can all write poems, which are equally famous." The names of ten people in his book are slightly different. They are all people attached to powerful people, and their poems are mostly decorated with banquets and farewell parties. But there are also some better poems, such as Lulun's Song of the Frontier and so on.
(15) Han Meng. Refers to the poets Han Yu and Meng Jiao in the middle Tang Dynasty. Although their poems have different styles, they all deliberately seek differences in form, forming a dangerous and peculiar poetic style. They also advocated taking Zhang Yiwen as a poem to discuss people's poetry, which made poetry tend to be dull. But they played a role in reversing the mediocre style of writing since Dali, and also wrote some good poems. Similar to Han and Meng, there are Jia Dao and Lu Lun.
(16) New Yuefu Poetry School. It refers to the participants in the "New Yuefu Movement" initiated by poets Bai Juyi and Yuan Dian in the middle Tang Dynasty, mainly including Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Li Shen, Tang Ya, Liu Meng and Li Yu. The "New Yuefu Movement" has been specially introduced in the previous article.
Little Du Li. Refers to Tang Wei poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu. Their poems have nothing in common with Du Li, so they are called "Little Du Li" to show the difference. Their poems mostly use ancient and modern metaphors with distinctive features. Famous articles include: Untitled Poem by Li Shangyin, Spring in the South of the Yangtze River, Chibi, Bo Qinhuai, Mountain Walk by Du Mu, etc.
(18) Quincy style poems. It is a school of formalism poetry in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and its main members are Yang Yi, Qian. They deliberately imitated Li Shangyin in form, pursued rhetoric and piled up allusions. They sang with each other and compiled Quincy Awards, hence the name.
(19) Susan. Refers to the Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Xun and his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe. Learning from Pharaoh Su, learning from Dasu, and learning from Zhe, all made achievements in poetry. Among them, Su Shi is the most important.
(20) Jiangxi Poetry School. It is a formalism poetry school founded by Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, named after Lv Benzhong's "Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society". The Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society lists 25 members of this poetry school, including Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao, Pan Dalin, Xie Yi and Hong Chu. When they write poems, they emphasize the source of every word and pay attention to "replacing bones with fetuses, turning stone into gold", which leads to imitation and plagiarism and has a bad influence.
(2 1) Jianghu Poetry School. It was a school of poetry at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, named after the Jianghu Collection published by Chen Qi. There are 109 character poems in Jianghu Collection, among which the poems by Dai Fugu, Liu Kezhuang and Liu Guo are better. Most of these poets have no political status and wander the rivers and lakes, and their work styles and achievements are inconsistent.
(22) the first seven sons, the last seven sons. It is a school of retro literature of an era. "The first seven sons" refers to Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty. He Jingming, Bian Gong, Kang Hai, Wang, and Nian Wen; The "last seven sons" refer to Wang Shizhen, Xie Bang, Zong Chen, Liang Youyu, Xu Zhonghang and Wu in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. The "first seven scholars" first put forward the slogan that "literature must be in Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in Tang Dynasty" and advocated imitation. ,' the last seven sons' followed in its footsteps, and the momentum was even stronger. Thus, an antique trend of thought was set off, which played a role in opposing formalism, but it also had a bad influence.
(23) Police faction. It is a literary school in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Headed by Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zhongdao, also known as "Sanyuan", it was named after the people of Gongan (now Gongan County, Hubei Province). They oppose the archaization of the former and the latter seven scholars, and advocate that literature should show "the spirit of nature", fully show personality and break through the rules and regulations, which has a certain positive effect. However, most of their works are limited to natural scenery and daily trifles, which have little social significance.
(24) Jingling School. It is also a literary school in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Headed by Zhong Xing and Tan, they came from Jingling, hence the name. Their basic ideas are the same as those of the public security school, but they also think that the works of the public security school have superficial disadvantages, and they try to correct them with a deep and lonely style, but the result is difficult and eccentric.
(25) A few clubs. It was a literary organization in the late Ming Dynasty. The main members are, Xia, Xu Geyuan and others. Their literary ideas are influenced by the first seven philosophers, and their works have the characteristics of exposing the disadvantages of the times. Among them, Chen Zilong's poetic achievements are high, and he has the reputation of "the commander-in-chief of the poetry circle in Ming Dynasty".
(26) verve poetry school. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen absorbed the theories of Si Kongtu in Tang Dynasty and Yan Yu in Song Dynasty, and put forward the theory of verve, emphasizing "prospering the society", pursuing "forgetting words with pride", paying attention to "saying nothing, being romantic" and "seeking the trace of the Yuan Dynasty", and taking the poems of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran as examples. This theory leads to the blind pursuit of confusing and detached realm in poetry creation, which mostly shows the leisurely and trivial life of feudal literati. However, the theory of verve pays attention to the exploration of poetic artistic conception, and it also has some merits.
(27) mode theory of poetry. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian once again put forward the theory of modality, emphasizing "gentleness and gentleness" and "emphasizing meter", which played a negative role in restricting poetry creation. Although this school of poets also advocated "having substance in words", its content was mainly to safeguard the interests of feudal rulers.
(28) the spiritual theory of poetry school. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei absorbed the "three yuan" theory of Ming Dynasty and put forward the theory of "nature and spirit" which was opposite to the theory of tune. It is advocated that works should be straightforward, natural and original, and poetry should be "clumsy but not ancient". This was relatively progressive at that time, and Yuan Mei and Zhao Yi of this poetic school also wrote some good poems, so the actual influence was slightly greater than that of the contemporary "mode theory". However, their poems mostly express the leisure of feudal literati and have little social significance. Hehe, the information I found online, which represents poets, has never been heard of in many schools. .