The Battle of Moscow: The First German Defeat in World War II. In the autumn of the Soviet Union, the roads were muddy, which brought great difficulties to the German motorized troops. After the "Blitzkrieg" plan went bankrupt, the Germans were forced to shorten the front. The following is what I arranged for you, I hope it will help you.

According to the "Typhoon" plan, the German 2nd Armored Cluster was in the direction of Bryansk on September 30th, and the 3rd and 4th Armored Clusters were in the direction of Viazma on June 54381October 2nd. Despite the Soviet resistance, the Germans broke through the defense line. The Second German Army broke through the defense line of the 50th Soviet Army and captured Bryansk in late September of 194 1. Orel fell on October 3rd, 65438/KLOC-0. The Germans marched along the Orel-Tula Highway. In the direction of Viarima, west of Moscow, the western front army and the reserve army fought a tough defensive war. On October 7th, 65438/KLOC-0, the Germans arrived in Viarima, and most of the troops of the two armies were trapped and stubbornly resisted until June 1213. 13, most of the Soviet Viazhma Regiment was destroyed, some of the besieged troops later broke through, and some stayed behind enemy lines to carry out guerrilla struggle. After Bryansk's army fell into the predicament surrounded by fighting, it also lost ground. On the 23rd, most of the Soviet Bryansk regiment was wiped out. The Germans captured 670,000 Soviet troops in the battle of Vyazma-Bryansk.

Moskovski defense line became the main resistance area near the ground. The total number of the four group armies is only about 90,000. These troops are not enough to build a solid defense in the whole area. In order to improve the command ability of the army, on June 10, the Western Front Army and the Reserve Army were combined as the Western Front Army, with General zhukov as the commander. In the middle of June 65438+1October-June 65438+June 65438+1early October, during many fierce battles in Moskovski's defensive areas, the Soviet army stubbornly resisted the German superior forces and stopped them in Rama River, Ruza River and Nala River.

10 June 14, the Germans invaded Kalinin. 65438+1October 65438+July, based on the 22nd, 29th, 30th and 3rd1Army of the Western Army, with konev as the commander of Kalinin Army. The Germans tried to attack southeast from Kalinin, and moved out from the rear of the Northwest Army and the West Road Army, and were crushed.

Although the Germans destroyed a large number of Soviet effective forces in the battle of Vyazma-Bryansk, with the change of weather, the cold autumn rain turned the road into a swamp, which almost paralyzed the German attack. The Germans were then forced to stop all fronts and wait for the earth to freeze. The temporary suspension of the Germans gave the Soviets a precious breathing space. By the end of 10, the Soviet high command began to transfer some troops as reserves to get the necessary rest, and new reserves were coming in endlessly. The end point of 10 is as follows: Kalinin-kubinka-Sherpukhov-Aleksin-Tula. Although the Germans suffered heavy losses, they still increased their troops and changed their deployment in an attempt to surround and occupy Moscow before the arrival of winter.

Moscow became the target of German air strikes. Moscow air defense forces fought tenaciously with the German Air Force in the air. During the period of 10, the Germans carried out 3 1 air raids on Moscow, involving 2,000 planes, of which 278 were shot down, and only 72 flew over Moscow.

The army and laborers built a new defense zone in Moscow and mobilized 450,000 residents of the capital (75% of whom were women) to build fortifications. Moscow evacuated many institutions and the most important enterprises; 10 10 On October 20th, the National Defense Commission launched Operation * * * in Moscow and its vicinity. The authorities ordered residents to build fortifications on the streets, even near the Kremlin, and set up new militia divisions to prepare for street fighting throughout the city. The Soviet Union retreated eastward to Samara and kuibyshev, but Stalin remained in Moscow. In order to improve the morale of the people and the army, Stalin ordered a military parade 165438 to commemorate the October Revolution in Red Square on June 7th. The team was inspected in front of the Kremlin and then went straight to the front. The Soviet army strengthened the western army with reserves and supplementary personnel. 165438+1October 10, Bryansk army was cancelled. All the troops were ordered to guard the occupied areas and prevent the Germans from bypassing Moscow from the northwest and southwest.

165438+1October 15-18 After adjustment and supplement, the Germans launched a new attack on Moscow. The Germans launched a large-scale attack in Kalinin along the directions of Klin, Rogachevo and Tula respectively, in an attempt to encircle Moscow from the north and south. 165438+1at the end of October-65438+at the beginning of February, the Germans paid huge losses and went to Moscow Canal. 65438+February 4th Kalinin fell. Tula, 65438+February 5th, a small town165km south of Moscow, is surrounded by the region. The Germans met with stubborn resistance from the Soviets. The fighting near Moscow is getting more and more fierce. The Soviet army sent countless new recruits and volunteers, and even a women's battalion invested in German machine gun fire. The slogan of the defenders of the capital is "Russia is big, but there is nowhere to retreat, followed by Moscow!" After165438+1end of October-65438+beginning of February, the last attempt of the German army to attack Moscow went bankrupt. Although the Soviet army was often in a critical state, it finally persisted and consumed the German army. Only165438+1October16-65438+February 5, the Germans were killed or injured near Moscow 155000 people, about 800 tanks were lost, 300 guns were fired, and planes were near15000.

The winter of 194 1-1942 is extremely cold even by Russian standards. Because of the long front, insufficient supplies and excessive campaign consumption, the Germans did not establish defensive positions and campaign reserves, and were not prepared to fight in winter. 165438+1winter in early October. Although roads can be used, the German army lacks equipment in winter, because they think the war can be ended before winter. Warm clothes and white camouflage uniforms are not enough, and vehicles such as tanks can't move because of the low temperature. The morale of the Germans was seriously frustrated. The morale of the Soviet army is very high.

The conditions for the Soviet Union to enter the counter-offensive and crush the Germans at the gates of Moscow have been met. Stalin appointed Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Vasilevsky as Acting Chief of Staff and ordered him to draw up a counteroffensive plan immediately. The guiding ideology of the Soviet counterattack was to crush the most dangerous assault groups that threatened Moscow from the north and south by the German "Central" army group. The basic task of counter-offensive was handed over to the western front army. Kalinin Army and Southwest Army carried out raids in its north and south respectively.

Soviet counterattack

On February 5th, zhukov led the Soviets to launch a large-scale counterattack. At this time, the German offensive capability was obviously exhausted. The most important offensive is concentrated in the Central Army Group. On February 6, 65438, the attack was launched in Moscow. During the autumn, zhukov sent back some well-equipped troops from Siberia and the Far East to Moscow, but these troops were reserved for counterattack. He believed in the intelligence of the Soviet spy Richard George, and thought that the Japanese army would not have anticipated Barbarossa's plan before the Soviet army attacked the east. At this time, the enemy was very close to the center of Moscow, and he invested a lot of reinforcements to counter the German offensive, including the newly built T-34 tank and Katyusha rocket launcher. Soviet troops prepared for the winter war, including several ski camps.

On February 8, 65438, Hitler signed an order to turn all fronts of the Soviet-German battlefield, including Moscow, into defense. 16 February 16, the Soviet army liberated Tula. 1942 65438+1October 7 also recaptured Kalinin, north of Moscow. 1 At the beginning of the year, we completed the counterattack in the strategic direction of the western region. The exhausted Germans have retreated to 100 to 250 kilometers away. 38 German divisions, including 15 Tank Division and Motorized Division, suffered heavy losses. The assault group that attacked Moscow was defeated, which made the Germans panic. Hitler demanded to defend every residential area and never retreat until the last soldier died.

65438+10.8, the Western Front Army, Kalinin Army and Bryansk Army * * * rebuilt * * and attacked Viarima on February 24. Due to the lack of experience in carrying out large-scale offensive operations and the lack of rapid corps, the task of encircling the basic forces of the "central" army group has not been completely completed. At the beginning of February, German reinforcements from Western Europe *** 12 Division, 2 Brigade * * * and the North Wing of the Central Army Group launched counterattacks respectively, and the situation in the Soviet Union deteriorated. On April 20, the Soviet high command ordered the western front to turn to defense and withdraw the peripheral combat troops, and the battle ended.

Battle result

Germany's blitzkrieg tactics suffered a major defeat for the first time in World War II. Nazi Germany's plan to conquer the Soviet Union soon went bankrupt, and the victory in defending Moscow broke the myth that the Germans were invincible and caused irreparable material losses. The defeat of the Germans made the morale of the Germans even lower. In the winter war, 35 senior generals including Marshal brauchitsch, Marshal Bok, guderian and Strauss were dismissed.