The Zhou Dynasty (65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC) is the third dynasty in the history of China after the Shang Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods: the Western Zhou Dynasty (165438+mid-20th century -77 1 year ago) and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-256 years ago). ? The Western Zhou Dynasty was established by Ji Fa, Zhou Wuwang, with Wang Wushi as its capital, Haojiang (Zhou Zong) (now southwest of Xi, Shaanxi) and Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan) as its east. In 770 BC (the first year of Zhou Pingwang), Pingdong moved its capital to Luoyi (Chengzhou) (now Luoyang, Henan), and the Zhou Dynasty in this period was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. History books often refer to the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties as two weeks. ?
Among them, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, also known as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Han, Zhao and Wei jointly defeated the ruling Zhi family, and the three clans enfeoffed Jin.
The Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1046- BC 77 1) was founded by Zhou Wenwang's son Zhou Wuwang after the demise of Shang Dynasty. Until 7 1 year BC, Zhou Youwang was killed by Shen Hou and Quan Rong. * * Experienced 1 1 generation 12 generations of kings, lasting about 275 years. It has successively made Haojing and Fengjing its capital (now southwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province), and Zhouluoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province), the capital of Zhou Chengwang for five years.
Historically, the Zhou Dynasty before moving eastward was called the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty was the heyday of ancient China society. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the process of continuous integration of various ethnic groups and tribes in China has been going on. During this period, Huaxia nationality gradually formed and became the predecessor of modern Han nationality. Since the Zhou Dynasty, various ethnic groups and tribes in China have been continuously integrated, and there are many other ethnic minorities, such as Yi, Manchu, Yue, Rongdi, Su Shen and Donghu. The state-owned farmland system in the Western Zhou Dynasty was the most typical. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the state-owned farmland system began to disintegrate, and in the Warring States Period, it was generally a county.
In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, social contradictions, including those within the ruling clique, intensified day by day, and the struggle for land and political power accelerated the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The uprising of China people shook the foundation of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In 77 1 year BC, the princes of the bonfire drama were killed by the dog Rong, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang (Yijiu) was established as a monarch by the Empress Dowager and other princes, and King Ping moved his capital from Gaoyi in Zhou Zong to Luoyi (Luoyang) in Chengzhou. In history, the Zhou Dynasty after moving eastward was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty? .
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC-256 BC), in the history of China, after the Western Zhou Dynasty, the vassal states established the previously abandoned Prince Yijiu as king, which was called Zhou Pingwang in history, and continued the Zhou Dynasty. Its capital, Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province), is called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history, which is different from the Western Zhou Dynasty. The first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was called the Spring and Autumn Period. In 453 BC, after the Han, Zhao and Wei clans joined hands to destroy the branch, the three clans were divided into Jin and the princes conquered each other, which was called the Warring States. ?
After Pingtung moved eastward, its jurisdiction was greatly reduced, just like a small country. Coupled with the alleged killing of his father, his prestige among the princes is not as good as before. According to Zuo Zhuan, there were 140 vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the face of the attack and merger between princes and the invasion of foreigners on the border, the son of heaven could not bear the responsibility of the Lord and often turned to some powerful princes for help. In this case, the powerful vassal will pretend to be the overlord, and the vassal of the Central Plains will "respect the king and reject the foreign countries" and unite for self-defense.
In the seventeenth year of King Xiang of Zhou (635 BC), Zidai rebelled and King Xiang could not make peace. He asked for help, and Wen Gong ruled Dai Shu, so he got the land in Hanoi for Bo. . In the twentieth year of King Xiang of Zhou (632 BC), King Xiang was forced by Jin Wengong to establish a land alliance in Heyang? . When Zhou Nanwang was in China, the country became weaker and weaker, and at the same time, internal struggles continued, even splitting into the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty. King Kun moved his capital to the Western Zhou Dynasty? . In the eighth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 307 years), when Qin attacked Korea for two weeks, Zhou people dared not offend both sides and were in a dilemma. . East and west are located between the great powers, so they are not cooperating, but attacking and killing each other? . In the fifty-ninth year of King Kuai (256 BC), the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by Qin. In the same year, King Kuai died of illness and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished? . Seven years later, the Eastern Zhou State was also destroyed by the State of Qin? . The Eastern Zhou Dynasty * * * spread to 25 kings, which lasted 5 15 years. This period is a period of social system transformation in China, marked by the extensive use of iron.
The Spring and Autumn Period is the historical stage of the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China. From 770 BC to 476 BC. This historical period is called "Spring and Autumn Period". ? Historian Lu records the major events reported by various countries at that time by year, quarter, month and day, which are recorded in spring, summer, autumn and winter in a year. In a word, he named this chronicle Spring and Autumn Annals. The Spring and Autumn Period ended in 403 BC, marked by the division of Jin by three factions.
At this time, Zhou has been weakened to the extreme, and its ruling area is less than 600 miles. The vassal States took the lead in succession, no longer appeared in front of the king of Zhou, and the command over the princes also existed in name only. During this period, China was divided into 140 vassal states, including Qi, Jin, Song, Chen, Zheng, Wei, Lu, Cao, Chu, Qin, Wu, Yue and Yan.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Wang's influence weakened, and the princes fought with each other. Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Song Xianggong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang successively dominated, and were known as the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty has weakened from strong to weak, the royal family has gradually declined, the power has fallen, the vassal States have conquered each other, and wars have been frequent. Small vassal States were annexed one after another, and powerful vassal States were unified in some areas.
Some big countries in the Spring and Autumn Period
Qi State: The ancestor of Qi State was a counselor. He was named Qi Hou because he helped Zhou destroy the merchants. At the same time, Zhou rulers gave Qi a privilege to punish guilty princes. With this privilege, Qi developed into an oriental power in the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, a famous politician-Qi Huangong (Xiaobai) appeared in the State of Qi. He relied on Guan Zhong, an adviser, to rectify state affairs, set up various officials to perform their duties, and divided the country into 21 townships, including 6 townships for industry and commerce and 15 townships for scholars. These fifteen townships are all agricultural townships, where people usually concentrate on farming and serve as soldiers in wartime. In these years, Qi became rich and strong, and by the third year of Zhou Nuo (679 BC), Qi had ruled the north. Later, in Wunian, King of Zhouling (567 BC), the State of Qi wiped out Lai, a great country in Dongyi, which more than doubled its territory and became one of the best countries in name. In 386 BC, Tian He exiled Qi Kanggong to the sea and established himself as a monarch. In the same year, he was named the Duke of Qi and the King of Zhou An. In the 23rd year of Zhou An (379 BC), Duke Kang of Qi died, and the surname of Jiang Qi was absolutely sacrificed. Tian Jia still takes "Qi" as the title, which is called "Tian Qi" in history.
Guan Zhong is a famous minister. Confucius once commented on him: "I am a little ignorant, but I am left-handed!" " An important project of Qi hegemony is to return Jingchu to the south. See page 57 of China History Outline for details.
Song: Song was one of the three major Koreas in the Zhou Dynasty. The monarch's surname is Shangqiu Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Zhou Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty perished, and Wu Geng, the son of a vassal, was named Yin ancestor worship. After his death, Wu Geng rebelled and was killed by Zhou and the rebellion. He is also called Zhou Wang's ordinary brother. In that year, Zhou's son was released to Shangqiu, the country name Song, to show his reverence for the Shang Dynasty. Confucius' The Analects of Confucius, Yao Yue, once recorded that this truth is called "the rise and fall of the country, following the peerless world".
Later, the State of Song gradually developed into a powerful country, and Song Xianggong was once one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to historical records, Song Xianggong practiced unrealistic "benevolence and righteousness" in military operations, and was defeated by the Chu army. Song Xianggong died of injuries. Later, Jin State in the north and Chu State in the south competed for hegemony, and Song State was caught in the middle, and the war continued year after year. In the past 80 years, there have been more than 40 wars. In the twenty-sixth year of Zhou Lingwang (546 BC), Song Ling Yin Xiangrong had a close personal relationship with Ling Yin of Chu Jin. While the two countries were tired of making friends, they launched a peace conference and held a "League Meeting" with ten countries in Song State, which ensured a peaceful period of more than ten years. In 487 BC, Duke Jing of Song sent troops to destroy Cao.
During the Warring States Period, Kang Wang, the monarch of the Song State, carried out the imperial power policy, which made the Song State strong again. In 286 BC, civil strife broke out in the State of Song, and Qi, Chu and Wei seized the opportunity to send troops to destroy the Song.
Jin: The State of Jin is the hometown of Zhou Chengwang's younger brother Tang Shuyu. At the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, (676 BC-65 BC1year) Jiandujiang (Yicheng County, Shanxi Province) began the hegemony of the State of Jin. The State of Jin has successively eliminated some small northern vassal states such as Huo, Geng, Wei, Yu and Guo, and unified the Fenhe River basin. In 636, Gong Xian's son Zhong Er ascended the throne. He was exiled by Gong Xian 19 years. During this 19 year, Zhong Er traveled around the world and accumulated rich political experience. After returning to China, he immediately set out to rectify his political affairs. Together with his ministers, he led the Jin, Qin, Song and Qi armies to attack Chu in the south twice, occupying a large territory in the south. Jin Jun's expedition to the south promoted the further spread of Chinese civilization to the south of the Yangtze River and accelerated the pace of great integration of the Chinese nation. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, there was a crisis in the rule of Jin State, which eventually split into several independent vassal states, such as Korea, Zhao and Wei, which was called "the three tribes divided into Jin" in history.
Zheng: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng was a vassal state, and the monarch's surname was Ji. At the beginning, the capital was Zhengyi (now Weinan Huazhou, Shaanxi Province), and later moved to Xinzheng (now Xinzheng, Henan Province). Within a period of time, the powerful State of Qi also conceded three points to Zheng, followed Zheng to crusade against Song, and even turned to Zheng for help. In the era of Zhuang Gong, the rebellion was eliminated from the inside of Zheng State, Xu State was eliminated from the outside and Song State was defeated. It also hit the shoulder of King Huan of Zhou, the most powerful country at that time, and was called "Zheng Zhuanggong minibus" in history. Zhuang Gong died in the forty-third year of his reign. Gong Li, the son, expelled the prince and became king on his own. In the twenty-eighth year of Gong Li, Zheng was in chaos, and Zheng declined gradually. Qi gradually gained the upper hand and began to control small neighboring countries. Gong Li was handed down from Miao Gong for two generations. After that, Zheng Wei threatened Jin Chu, and there was no peace every year. Miao Gong Chuan and Xiang Gong were two generations. Zheng was captured by Chu, and Xiang Gong endured humiliation and saved the country. When Xiang Gong was passed on to Gong Jian for four generations, the State of Zheng appointed Zi Chan as the Prime Minister, forged the tripod, developed the economy, helped the people, and made the State of Zheng prosperous again. When Jian Gong IV spread to Ai Gong, Jin, North Korea, Zhao and Wei were all very strong, and Zheng was very weak. After mourning for the public, there was a public period. Han Wuzi captured the state of Zheng and killed the public. Later, Gui Gong, the younger brother of You Gong, revived the country and fought with Sanjin for many times. After Kandy's rule, South Korea became strong again. In the twenty-first year of Kang Gong (the first 375 years), Han Aihou led an army to capture Zheng again, and Zheng perished, and its territory was merged into South Korea. Founded in 432, calendar 2 1 June.
Chu: The ancestor of Chu came from Zhuan Xu, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. Levin is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Changyi. Ng Wui is the fifth emperor after Zhuan Xu, and he is a fire official of the Gao Xin family. He is in charge of the sky fire and the earth fire, and can melt the world. I ordered Zhu Rong (Zhu, Daye; Melt, Ming also). Its tribes are distributed in the south of Shangdu Chao Ge (now Xinzheng). Wu Hui's son Lu Zhong has six sons, and the youngest son Ji Lian is the ancestor of Chu. After Ji Lian, Xiong Yue was Zhou Wenwang's teacher and his great-grandson Xiong Yi. When he became king, he was named Zi Chu (meaning Viscount of Chu) and lived in Danyang (now the sister of Hubei). In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Chu became increasingly powerful. In the 16th year of King Huan of Zhou Dynasty (704 BC), Chu Jun Xiongtong was named King Wu, with a territory of thousands of miles. Because it is located in the south of China, there are often some wars between Chu and Central Plains governors. Through the war, Chu annexed forty-five weaker vassal states, and gradually became one of the major powers in southern China in the early Spring and Autumn Period.
Qin: Zhou, because Qin ancestors didn't keep horses, "the Qin of the city made the person who won the memorial ceremony named Qin Won." As a vassal of the Zhou Dynasty, let it continue to win the sacrifice of surname. In the first year of Zhou Pingwang (770 BC), Qin Xianggong escorted Zhou Pingwang to the Eastern Expedition and became a vassal. The establishment of the Qin Dynasty occupied the territory of the former Zhou Dynasty in Shaanxi, and was occupied by the Rong people and the Di people. From the fifth year of King Nuo of the Zhou Dynasty (677 BC), the State of Qin established its capital in Yongjian for nearly 300 years. Yongcheng has a palace area, a residential area, a burial area for scholars and China people, and a cemetery for Qin Gong. Qin people are good at fighting, but Qin has always been a weak country until the early Warring States. Perhaps it is because it is remote and has not been valued by other countries. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, it was a humble country. It was not until Qin Mugong's time that he participated in the Central Plains hegemony and became a second-class power after Jin, Chu and Qi. In terms of science and technology, culture, etc., Qin was also relatively backward in the early Warring States period. This situation was not changed until the Shang Yang Reform 36 1 year ago.
Wu: Wu, also known as Wu, or attack me. A vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty, surnamed Ji, was located in the south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and in Taihu Lake in northern Zhejiang.
Zhou has the eldest son Taibo, the second son and the youngest son. Ji Li's son is clever and deeply loved by King Tai. Zhou Ben wanted to preach in Chang, but according to the tradition at that time, he should preach among the eldest son, so King Tai was very unhappy. After Taber understood his father's meaning, he and his second brother, Zhong Yong, took the opportunity to collect herbs for his father and fled to the desolate south of the Yangtze River, creating their own inheritance and establishing an ancient country, Wu Gou. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty was established, and Taber's third grandson was named Hou, so he changed his surname to Wu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu was destroyed by the State of Yue.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the relationship between Wu and the vassal states in the Central Plains became closer and closer, and they began to compete with other vassal states. He Lv, the king of Wu, established his capital in Suzhou and appointed Wu Zixu and Sun Wu to attack the capital of Chu, which laid the foundation for his son Fu Cha, the king of Wu, to become one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. He Lv's son, Fu Cha, regardless of the emptiness of the country's years of war, succeeded in fighting for hegemony with Qi and Jin, but ignored the border crossing, making Wu Zixu commit suicide and being used by Gou Jian, the king of Yue. In the third year of Zhou Yuanwang (473 BC), Fu Cha fled in defeat and was besieged on Yuhang Mountain (Nanyang Mountain in Suzhou). He asked Gou Jian for peace, and Gou Jian refused. Fu Cha committed suicide, Wu died, and Wu belonged to Yue State.
Yue: Yue State, surname. According to legend, the ancestor was the illegitimate child of Shao Kang in Xia Dynasty, and Yu sealed Mount Tai. The meeting place of Zen was originally near Mount Tai. During the Shang Dynasty, the fief of the State of Yue was in Guleize, which is now Heze City, Shandong Province. Later, they moved south one after another, and moved all the way to Shaoxing, Zhejiang at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, became more and more powerful, and he often confronted the State of Wu. In the 26th year of Zhou Dynasty (494 BC), he was defeated by Fu Cha and surrendered to Wu. However, after hiding its power for 20 years, it rose again, and in the third year of Zhou Yuanwang (473 BC), the State of Wu was destroyed. After the destruction of Wu, Gou Jian went north to fight for hegemony and ran rampant in Jianghuai, claiming to be the overlord. During the Warring States period, the national strength was weak, and it was destroyed by the State of Chu in 306 BC.
Of course, there are other small countries, and everyone can regard them as air. In the long river of history, small countries are insignificant, so it is meaningless to talk about them.
In 453 BC, Han, Zhao and Wei wiped out Zhi's clan, and the three clans were divided into Jin. By 22 1 year BC, Qin unified the six countries, and the war lasted for more than 200 years. After a protracted war for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, the number of vassal states in the Zhou Dynasty was greatly reduced, and the division of the Jin Dynasty laid the pattern of seven heroes in the Warring States.
The Warring States inherited the troubled times in the Spring and Autumn Period, continued a hundred schools of thought to contend, and then created the Daqin Empire. It is the golden age of China's ideological, academic, scientific, military and political development, which is called "a hundred schools of thought contend" in history; At the same time, many world-famous reforms and reforms were carried out in various vassal States that tried to survive, such as Wuqi and Shang Yang. In the process of the merger war, such as the vertical and horizontal cooperation between Zhang Yi and Su Qin, the battlefield between Lian Po and Li Mu, and the political mediation between Chun, Xin and Xin, a large number of idioms and allusions have been left for future generations. In the process of unifying China, the Warring States also shaped the embryonic form of a centralized monarchy society.
Thanks to their joint efforts, Wei, Zhao and Han not only carved up the territory of Zhi Dou, but also completely raised the monarch of the State of Jin, and the era of Seven Heroes in the Warring States period followed. Because of the great strength of the state of Jin, Qin, Chu and Qi all benefited from the division of the superpower of Jin.
Overview: During the Warring States Period, Chu was in the south, Zhao in the north, Yan in the northeast, Qi in the east, Qin in the west and Han and Wei in the middle. Among these seven great powers, the three great powers in the Yellow River basin from west to east-Qin, Wei and Qi-have the power to control the situation.
During the Warring States period, the vassals were divided and scuffled with each other, and the international community was very unstable. In the early Warring States period, there were more than a dozen countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, among which Qi, Jin and Chu were the strongest countries, occupying four parts of the world. Later, there was civil strife in the state of Jin. In the first 455 years, the United Korea and Wei led by Zhi attacked Zhao, surrounded by Jinyang, and decided to fill the city with Fenshui. Han and Wei suddenly joined forces with Zhao, which wiped out the Zhi family in the first 453 years and carved up all the land of the Zhi family. Before long, the three families also carved up most of the land and people of the Jinfu. Sun Tianheng, the fifth son of the Tian family of Qi Guoqing, defected to Chen Wan and joined hands with the Bao family to destroy Luan and Gao Er, who were authoritarian at that time, and usurped the Qi regime (Tian Daiqi in 386 BC). Later, with the rise of Yan State and the revival of Qin State, other small countries were gradually annexed or became vassal states. By the middle of the Warring States period, the remaining seven great powers of Qin, Chu, Han, Zhao, Wei, Qi and Yan were called the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period.
The territories of seven countries:
Qin: It is located in Guanzhong and Hanzhong of Shaanxi, southeastern Gansu and central and eastern Sichuan.
W: It probably occupies the south of Shanxi, the north, the middle and the east of Henan.
Zhao: It occupies a part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the north and middle of Shanxi, and in the middle and southwest of Hebei.
H: About the central and western parts of Henan and the southeastern part of Shanxi.
Qi: It includes northern Shandong, southern Hebei, western Shanxi and southeast.
Chu: It occupies a part of Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
Yan: It occupies a part of northern Hebei, Liaoning and Jilin.
Chyi Chin strives for hegemony
During the two hundred years of the Warring States Period, with the successive decline of Wei and Chu (see the historical stages of the Warring States Period), Chyi Chin confronted the East and the West, so Qin and Qi competed for other vassal States and were isolated from each other, while Korea, Wei, Zhao, Chu, Yan and other countries wavered in their struggle with Qin. At this time, two famous politicians, Yi Chang and Gongsun Yan, appeared. They were Lian Heng and He Zong. This situation is also called vertical and horizontal (vertical, the United States attacks the strong with the weak; And horizontal, strong things attack the weak)
The powerful state of Qin continued to expand its territory to the east. In the 40th year of Zhou Xian (329 BC), Ren Wei Yi Cheung came to the State of Qin to see Qin Huiwen and listen to Lian Heng's advice. He suggested that Wei and Chu should be close to each other. Then, with the cooperation of Wei and Chu, they attacked South Korea's new town and Yiyang, drove the army to Luoyang, held the emperor to make the princes, and finally came back to capture the territory of Wei and Chu, forcing all the princes in the world to take care of Qin in the west and complete the great cause of being king. This strategy was exactly what Qin Huiwen wanted, so he took Zhang Yi as his guest. Zhang Yi repeatedly encouraged the attack on Wei State and returned the captured land to Wei State, forcing Wei State to take Qin as the first and enfeoffment fifteen counties, which posed a great threat to other eastern countries. Zhang Yi was appointed as the state minister of Qin. In the forty-sixth year of King Zhou Xian (323 BC), the Wei Dynasty adopted the strategy of uniting with the Communist Party, prompting the five countries of Wei, Han, Zhao, Yan and Zhongshan to recognize each other as kings in order to unite against Qin. But soon, Chu sent troops to attack Wei, and Gongsun Yan's strategy was frustrated. Wei Xiang Hui Shi's activities of uniting Qi and Chu also failed and he was deported. Wei Huiwang was hit by Qi and Chu, so he had to appoint Zhang Yi as Wei Xiang in the forty-seventh year of Zhou Xian (322 BC), hoping to unite the soldiers of Qin and Han Dynasties to attack Qi and Chu. However, Zhang Yi's real intention is to ask Wei to serve Qin first, so that other vassal states can follow suit. Wei Huiwang didn't listen to Zhang Yi's advice. With the support of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Korea, in two years (3 19), Zhang Yi was driven away and Gongsun Yan was accepted as the leader. The following year, Gongsun Yan launched five countries, namely Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Han, to attack the State of Qin for the first time, thinking that they were superior to each other and were defeated by the State of Qin.
Since then, Qin has been attacking Sanjin, taking advantage of the mutual attack between Shu and Pakistan, sending troops to occupy the whole territory of Bashu and gaining a rich rear base. The State of Qin has three counties, namely Sheba, Shu and Hanzhong, which are divided into 41 counties? . Bashu area has been decided, and Qin is getting richer and richer? . Sichuan basin is rich in natural products and excellent in agricultural conditions, which laid a solid foundation for the prosperity and reunification of Qin State in the future.
In the fifth year of God King Zhou (3 16), the Prince of Yan gave the throne to Xiang Bangzi. My son has been king for three years, and the country is in chaos. General City was captured by Prince Ping, and the people fought back, killing Prince Ping, and the city was covered with tens of thousands of people. Qi Xuanwang took the opportunity to send troops to attack Yan, and captured the whole territory of Yan in more than 50 days. Because the Qi army killed a large number of civilians, the Yan people rebelled and the Qi army was forced to retreat. However, this incident proves that Qi's strength is still quite strong. At the same time, the League of Qi and Chu strengthened the strength of Chyi Chin.
The decline of Chu state
At that time, the focus of the struggle between Qin and Qi was to win Chu. Chu was an established power in the Spring and Autumn Period, contending with Jin for hegemony for a hundred years. Although it suffered a large-scale invasion by Wu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the potential of this country was greatly destroyed. However, with the cultivation of King Zhao and King Hui of Chu for decades, and the continuous expansion of the territory to the north and south, there are signs of revival gradually. At the beginning of the Warring States Period, King Mourn of Chu appointed Wu Qi as Lingyin and carried out political reform. Chu broke Sanjin in the north, Qin in the west, Changsha and Cangwu in the south, and all the princes in the world feared the strength of Chu.
Before 38 1 year, after the death of king Moran of Chu, the nobles rebelled and shot Wu Qi with arrows. Su, the newly enthroned king of Chu, destroyed his rebellious nobles, but at the same time it also caused great confusion in the state affairs of Chu. In order to stabilize the state affairs, the king of Chu, Su, reached an agreement with other nobles to abolish some reforms of Wuqi in order to stabilize the country. Although the reform was greatly reduced, it did not affect the powerful country left by the king of Chu. Later, after Chu Xuanwang and Chu Weiwang ascended the throne, they created unprecedented prosperity of Chu in the Warring States Period, that is, Xuanwei prosperity in the history of Chu. During this period, he supported and married Qin Chu and gave it to Wei. Chu Xuanwang sent troops to save Zhao again, alienated Sanjin and weakened Qiang Wei. The failure to inform the State of Chu that Xuzhou was Qi Weiwang caused great anger. Chu Weiwang defeated the Qi army in Xuzhou and taught Qi Weiwang a lesson. During this period, Chu reached the most prosperous situation, and it was still developing upward on the whole, and this prosperous period continued until the early period of Chu Huaiwang.
In the period, Qin and Qi were strong before and after, and the inclination of Chu to both sides was an important weight, so the two countries began to win the support of Chu. However, because the State of Qi defeated the State of Yan, Chu and the State of Qi formed an alliance and made up, which made Qin's plan to attack the State of Qi fall through. If Qin wants to attack and weaken Qi, it must break the Qi-Chu alliance. But at this time, the monarch of Chu is Chu Huaiwang who loves to take advantage.
In order to destroy the alliance between Chu and Qi, two years ago (3 13), Zhang Yi sent an envoy to Chu and broke with Qi. The State of Qin sent Zhang Yi to the State of Chu to preach "Lian Heng" and advised the State of Chu never to join the Qin Dynasty. He also verbally vowed to return the place 600 miles away from the Chu merchants (southwest of Xichuan County, Henan Province). Chu Huaiwang believed it and broke off diplomatic relations with Qi. When Chu sent someone to ask Qin for land, Zhang Yi said slyly, "I agreed with the king of Chu that it was six Li, but I didn't expect it to be six hundred Li." Chu Huaiwang was very angry, so he sent troops to attack the State of Qin. Qin Jun defeated the Chu army in Danyang, and 80,000 people were killed.