Today, various policies and measures for environmental protection and energy conservation have become the development trend of civilized life that we are familiar with. However, do we really know them well? Have we really done it in our daily work and life? Is it that when you listen, you are still focused, and then you talk about happy words, so you don't concentrate when you do it? Energy conservation and environmental protection can not be achieved by shouting a few more slogans. It requires us to really improve from real life, and to practice and start from everything in daily life.
As everyone, it plays an irreplaceable role in promoting social development and human progress, and is the main strength pillar of our social development. Therefore, we should improve the comprehensive quality of families, truly understand the practical significance and great role of energy conservation and environmental protection, organize each family member, hold them together firmly, start to understand and improve from all aspects of life, and implement the theme of energy conservation and environmental protection.
So which is more serious, family pollution or social pollution?
Recent research shows that the pollution caused by social industrial production only accounts for 4 1% of the pollution sources, while the pollution caused by modern families accounts for 59%. Compared with society, although family is only a cell of society, it is relatively serious in terms of pollution. Hundreds of toxic and harmful substances have been detected, and there are more than ten common ones. There is a set of statistical data that can further prove the harmfulness of household pollution: that is, a household produces 1.8 kg of garbage every day on average, throwing away five non-degradable plastic bags and two or three disposable lunch boxes; A family produces an average of 200 kilograms of wastewater every day because of washing hair, bathing and washing clothes. A family uses an average of 20 grams of chemicals every day. These pollutants and domestic wastewater flowing into rivers have been polluting our land, rivers and oceans.
According to media reports, in an indoor pollution survey of more than 2,000 household samples, the results show that more than 50% of households have indoor pollution, and the "culprit" is household appliances. What is even more worrying is that most of the families surveyed are not aware of the pollution problem of household appliances. The common pollution caused by household appliances in modern families includes bacterial pollution, radiation pollution, noise pollution, etc., which is harmful to health and even human life safety.
Seeing this set of data can't help but surprise us. All along, we have to point the finger at industrial production. As we all know, the biggest pollution source is ourselves, that is, every family. We usually don't pay attention to the consequences of environmental protection and energy saving. In the final analysis, what hurts the most is ourselves, our beautiful home, a clean and peaceful global village.
In terms of energy waste, families also account for a considerable proportion. Multiple TVs are turned on at the same time; Multiple computers are used at the same time; Don't cut off the power supply when the TV is not watching, and stay in standby state for a long time; Dozens of incandescent lamps with hundreds of watts are turned on at the same time; When the sensor of the voice control light is broken, the light will be on day and night; The water dispenser operates 24 hours a day; Some electric heating households don't blink when they use several kilowatts of electric stoves in winter; Turn on the tap and let it run for a few minutes. Hot water is coming out, just wash it slowly. ...
Bit by bit, it seems insignificant. But it's like this, and the energy waste in residential areas is quite prominent. Check our behavior, the common "unconscious waste", there is too much precious energy wasted in family life. Habit becomes nature, and many wasteful phenomena are cultivated by people for a long time, so there is not much consideration for saving household energy. However, in real life, it is actually very simple for us to get rid of those "habits" that are wasted at will, and we only need to lift a finger.
A good living and working environment is the condition for our human survival, and protecting the environment means protecting ourselves. Facing the reality of the deterioration of the earth's ecological environment and the shortage of resources, we should clearly realize that saving the earth, protecting the environment and saving energy are our common responsibilities. Family energy conservation and environmental protection are closely related to our lives and are easy to carry out. Doing a good job in family energy conservation and environmental protection not only saves resources, but also saves some expenses for families, killing two birds with one stone. Therefore, we issued an initiative: save every kilowatt hour and put an end to household appliance pollution.
Every family should strive to do the following:
A. Replace incandescent lamps with fourth-generation LED light sources. Under the same brightness, its power consumption is only one tenth of that of incandescent lamp, but its life span is 50 times that of incandescent lamp.
B chlorine-free green household appliances and solar household appliances should be selected, such as solar generators, solar cookers, solar lamps, solar caps, solar flashlights, solar dryers, solar water heaters and floor heating systems. , not only energy saving and environmental protection, but also safe and convenient, which not only contributes to the national energy saving and environmental protection work, but also leads the new trend of family green life.
C. when purchasing air conditioners, consider the number of people who are most suitable for the room size. And the air conditioning temperature is set at 26-28℃ in summer.
D, the food stored in the refrigerator should not be too full, and there should be a gap of more than 100mm between the food in the refrigerator and between the food and the box wall. This can save energy by 20% every day than sticking to the wall.
E. The power consumption of the washing machine depends on the use time. Generally, it takes 3 ~ 4 minutes to wash synthetic fibers and wool fabrics, 6 ~ 8 minutes to wash cotton and linen fabrics, and 10 ~ 12 minutes to wash extremely dirty clothes.
F, don't turn on the TV very bright, and don't turn it too loud, because every time you increase the audio power of 1 watt, you will increase the electrical power consumption of 3 ~ 4 watts.
G, it is best to use an electric cooker to wash rice in advance and cook with warm water or hot water, which can save electricity by 30%.
H. Unplug the electric cooker immediately after use. When the temperature in the pot drops below 70℃, it will be automatically energized intermittently, which not only consumes electricity, but also shortens the service life.
First, as long as ordinary glass windows are coated with a special energy-saving film, the indoor temperature will drop by at least 3℃. If the sun is stronger, the temperature difference will be further widened and the energy saving effect will be more obvious. According to reports, after adopting this energy-saving film, it can not only filter ultraviolet rays, but also save energy by 30%, with a service life of 20 years. Comprehensively strengthen the ideological understanding of environmental protection and energy saving.
First of all, parents should set an example for their children. Parents are the first teachers of the children. Because children are plastic and imitative, parents' words and deeds can affect children. Therefore, parents themselves must firmly establish the awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, constantly improve their own quality, consciously achieve "environmental protection and energy conservation starts with me, starting from daily trivial matters", and penetrate energy conservation protection into all aspects of family life, setting an example for children in energy conservation and environmental protection. Secondly, pay attention to cultivating children's awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection. Parents can use weekends and holidays to take their children to some scenic spots to experience the beauty of the environment, and then take their children to some places with serious environmental pollution, so that children can witness the scene of garbage everywhere and sewage flowing. Through this comparison, children can feel the harm of environmental pollution. Finally, create a good energy-saving and environmental protection atmosphere for children. In daily life, parents should put environmental awareness into action, so that children can form good environmental habits in a subtle way. For example, when shopping, we should pay attention to choosing pollution-free green products; Starting from ourselves, do a good job in family hygiene and strive to create a clean living environment. In this way, through educating children, on the one hand, parents' awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection is strengthened, on the other hand, family expenses are really reduced, and they can also contribute to China's energy conservation and environmental protection work, which can be called "endless benefits". In today's society, due to the shortage of energy, energy-saving work is further carried out, and various new advanced energy-saving kilns are becoming more and more perfect. After adopting high-quality insulation materials such as new refractory fibers, the heat loss of kilns is obviously reduced. Adopt advanced combustion device to strengthen combustion, reduce incomplete combustion and make air-fuel ratio more reasonable. However, the technology of reducing flue gas heat loss and recovering flue gas waste heat is still not progressing fast. In order to further improve the thermal efficiency of the kiln and achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption, recovering flue gas waste heat is also an important energy-saving way.
265438+At the beginning of the 20th century, gongyi city finally developed Ronghua ceramic heat exchanger. Its production process is basically the same as that of kiln furniture, and thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance are the main application properties of the material. Its principle is to place the ceramic heat exchanger near the outlet of the flue with high temperature, without adding cold air and high temperature protection. When the kiln temperature is 1250- 1450℃, the flue outlet temperature should be 1000- 1300℃, and the waste heat recovered by ceramic heat exchanger can reach 450-750℃. With the rapid economic growth and increasing population, it has become a very urgent task to alleviate the contradiction of insufficient resources, continuously improve the ecological environment and realize sustainable development. China is one of the world's 12 water-poor countries, and the fresh water resources are less than the world's per capita14, so water conservation is imminent.
According to statistics, according to a city with a permanent population of * * * 1 70,000 and more than 6 million households, if each household saves1kwh of electricity every month, the city can save 60 million kwh of electricity a year, which is equivalent to the power generation of a small power plant; If each household saves 1 ton of water every month, the city can save 60 million tons of water a year, which is equivalent to the total domestic water consumption of a city with 800,000 people.
Always pay attention to saving water, you can start from the following aspects:
Promote the use of water-saving water valves and sanitary ware; Turn off the tap after using water, and don't let the water run empty; Check and maintain the faucet at any time to prevent dripping; Advocate multi-use of one water, so that water can be reused; Save water, use vegetable washing and rice washing water to flush toilets and water flowers; Phosphorus-free washing powder for washing clothes to reduce pollution; If the rinsed water is left to the next batch of laundry water, 30-40 liters of clean water can be saved at a time; Use detergent carefully, use soap as much as possible, don't pollute the water source, and always tell yourself that protecting the water source means protecting life! Use recycled paper, save paper and protect forest resources.
The main raw material for papermaking is wood, and the global forest area is reduced by 73,000 square kilometers every year, which is equivalent to two islands in Taiwan Province Province. China paper industry consumes more than ten thousand cubic meters of wood 10 every year; About 45 billion pairs of disposable wooden chopsticks are produced every year, which is equivalent to eating about 25 million trees every year. When we use and consume a lot of paper, we are actually consuming forest resources. According to incomplete statistics, 4000 square kilometers of forests disappear every year on the earth. Forests can provide oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide, prevent climate change, conserve water, prevent wind and sand, and maintain ecological balance. In order to protect forests and reduce development, it is necessary to reduce the demand for wood. Recycling waste paper 1 ton can produce 800 kilograms of recycled paper, which can cut down less trees 17, save more than half of papermaking raw materials and reduce water pollution by 35%. Each piece of waste paper can be recycled at least twice. Therefore, we should advocate actively recycling waste paper, try to use recycled paper and double-sided paper, give full play to the advantages of e-government, vigorously promote paperless office, try to use electronic media to modify manuscripts, and strive to reduce paper consumption. Saving paper is the best measure to protect forest and environment. Reduce the dependence on motor vehicles, use bicycles or walk as much as possible for short-distance travel, and reduce the urban traffic burden; Reduce official vehicles and reduce private vehicles without affecting official business and ensuring safety; When it is really necessary to use official vehicles for emergency official activities, try to concentrate on taking them. Let's all become bus people and strive to be cyclists!
In addition, if you drive by yourself, you can master the following energy-saving and environmental protection skills: 1. A family car with a displacement of 1.6 liter can save 10 liter of gasoline every month if it slides in the parking space. 2. When starting, the clutch should not be loosened too fast, otherwise it will consume oil and easily stall; 3. When speeding up, lightly step on the accelerator; 4. When encountering a red light or braking the vehicle in front, don't slam on the brakes when rushing forward in high gear; 5. When the car is driving, pay attention to the water temperature meter. The normal water temperature of the engine should be kept between 80-90℃. Too high or insufficient will increase fuel consumption; 6. Always check the tire pressure to keep it in the best condition. Insufficient tire pressure will increase fuel consumption; 7. Don't change the tire size at will. Choosing a wider tire may make the car look more "sports car", but the wider the tire, the greater the wheel resistance and the more fuel consumption; 8. Use engine oil with the lowest viscosity. The lower the viscosity of engine oil, the more "labor-saving" the engine will be, and the more fuel-efficient it will be. 9. Don't warm up too much. Some car owners like to warm up before driving in the morning, but too long warm-up time will consume more fuel. You can let the car drive slowly for one or two kilometers to achieve the effect of preheating. 10, don't overspeed. For ordinary cars, 80 kilometers per hour is the most fuel-efficient speed. Statistics show that for every increase of 1 km per hour, the fuel consumption will increase by 0.5%. There are also some fuel-saving tips besides driving: insufficient tire pressure will increase fuel consumption; Try to use low viscosity engine oil, which can also save fuel; Turn on the air conditioner to ensure that the doors and windows are closed; Cleaning the dust screen regularly can save electricity by 30%. In our life, plastic bags have become an indispensable thing. Whether in supermarkets, vegetable markets or street vendors, it seems natural to provide customers with plastic bags. In contrast, some consumers rely too much on plastic bags when shopping. Those disposable plastic bags not only cause huge waste of resources, but also increase the amount of garbage. Most consumers take supermarket plastic bags home as garbage bags, which will cause secondary pollution to the environment after being discarded. White pollution caused by plastic bags has become the enemy of urban environment.
The annual plastic waste in China exceeds 6,543,800 tons. If each plastic bag is spread out on an average of 0.6 square meters, then the area of plastic film discarded by each person every year is 240 square meters. Some plastic bags used by street vendors still have serious hygiene problems. Using less or not using plastic bags should be the first green life we advocate.
Household plastic bags are the focus of white pollution. Whether shopping in the supermarket or buying food in the street, plastic bags are essential. Therefore, every family should bring their own bamboo baskets when they go out to buy food, which is both beautiful and environmentally friendly. The Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings (GB50 189-2005) was implemented on July 1 2005. This is the first comprehensive national standard for energy-saving design of public buildings approved by China. It is the focus of current architectural design to conscientiously implement the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings. The energy consumption of public buildings includes building envelope energy consumption, heating and ventilation energy consumption, air conditioning energy consumption and lighting energy consumption, and the goal of 50% energy saving of public buildings is borne by architectural, HVAC and electrical majors. For the architectural specialty, it is to improve and improve the thermal performance of the envelope, that is, the thermal design of the building.
To develop and popularize the technology of large-scale public buildings with low energy consumption, large-scale public buildings in China account for less than 4% of the total area of urban buildings, but the energy consumption accounts for more than 20% of the total energy consumption of urban buildings in China. Developing a set of large-scale public building technology with low energy consumption to solve the practical problems in China can greatly alleviate the problem of insufficient urban power supply caused by the increase of the proportion of large-scale public buildings in urban construction.
The establishment of China building energy consumption statistics platform An effective building energy consumption statistics platform can give the specific data of building terminal energy consumption in China and quantitatively describe the specific characteristics of building energy consumption in China (such as the characteristics of development and change, energy consumption characteristics of buildings with different functions, energy consumption of buildings in different regions, energy consumption characteristics of different terminals in buildings, etc.). ), which is an important basis for building energy conservation.